The effect of fermented natural lactic acid bacteria liquid and water-soluble carbohydrate admixture on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and methane production

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 172 - 178, 31.12.2023

Sadık Serkan Aydın Nihat Denek Mehmet Avcı Nurcan Kırar Şermin Top

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1291961

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of fermented natural lactic acid bacteria liquid and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) admixture on alfalfa silage fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and methane production. In the study, analyses (pH, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, mold, lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), LA/AA) of naturally fermented lactic acid bacteria liquid (PFJ) prepared with 3% fructose addition to alfalfa plant were conducted. Treatments included alfalfa (control, C), alfalfa + PFJ (PFJ-C), alfalfa + PFJ +1,5% molasses (PFJ-CM), alfalfa + PFJ + 1,5% fructose (PFJ-CF), alfalfa + PFJ + 1,5% sucrose (PFJ-CS). In the study, while the differences between the groups were found statistically insignificant in crude ash (CA) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values of the silages, the differences between the groups were found statistically significant in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and methane (CH4) values. Compared to the control group, increases in IVOMD and ME were observed in silages obtained by adding PFJ, molasses, fructose and sucrose. When the fermentation characteristics (pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), yeast-mold and carbon dioxide (CO2) after aerobic stability) of the silages were analyzed, the differences between the groups were statistically significant. When the CO2 content and post aerobic yeast mold values (PAYMV) of the silages were examined, it was observed that there was a decrease in all experimental groups compared to the control group. LA and AA values of silages increased in all experimental groups compared to the control group.

Keywords

alfalfa, fructose, molasses, PFJ, silage, sugar

References

• Ali, N., Wang, S., Zhao, J., Dong, Z., Li, J., Nazar, M., & Shao, T. (2020). Microbial diversity and fermentation profile of red clover silage inoculated with reconstituted indigenous and exogenous epiphytic microbiota. Bioresource Technology, 314, 123606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123606
• AOAC (2005) Official methods of the association of official analytical chemists. 16th edn. Arlington, TX: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z. G., Azrieli, A., Hen, Y., & Horev, B. (1991). A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 34, 171-175.
• Aydin, S. S., & Denek, N. (2019). The effect of fermented lactic acid juice prepared with different levels of sucrose and incubation times on the alfalfa silage quality. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 44-51.
• Aydin, S. S., & Denek, N. (2022). Amount of lactic acid bacteria in fermented natural lactic acid bacteria liquids prepared with varying sucrose inclusion at different incubation periods. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 78(9), 456-460. dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6686
• Blajman, J. E., Vinderola, G., Paez, R. B., & Signorini, M. L. (2020). The role of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria for alfalfa silage: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 158(1-2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859620000386
• Broderick, G. A., & Kang, J. H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(1), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8
• Bureenok, S., Namihira, T., Tamaki, M., Mizumachi, S., Kawamoto, Y., & Nakada, T. (2005). Fermentative quality of guineagrass silage by using fermented juice of the epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) as a silage additive. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(6), 807-811. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.807
• da Silva, T. C., da Silva, L. D., Santos, E. M., Oliveira, J. S., & Perazzo, A. F. (2017). Importance of the fermentation to produce high-quality silage. Fermentation Processes, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64887
• Filya, I., Ashbell, G., Hen, Y., & Weinberg, Z. G. (2000). The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 88(1-2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00214-5
• Gao, R., Wang, B., Jia, T., Luo, Y., & Yu, Z. (2021). Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture, 11(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010058
• Güney, F., & Ertürk, Ö. (2020). Determination of the effects of propolis ethanolic extract on some properties of fruit yoghurt during storage. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 145-152. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.694712
• Jelan, Z. (2011). Enhancing the Utilization of Local Feed Resources as Strategies for Ruminant Farming. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Agribisnis Peternakan (Stap) (pp. 1-8).
• Karademir, G. & Karademir2, B. (2003). Biotechnologic Products Using as Feed Supplement (A Review). Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 43 (1), 61-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/lahaed/issue/39428/465113
• Kılıç, A. (1986). Silo Yemi (Öğretim, Öğrenim ve Uygulama Önerileri). 327 s. Kim, D. H., Lee, K. D., & Choi, K. C. (2021). Role of LAB in silage fermentation: Effect on nutritional quality and organic acid production—An overview. Agriculture and Food, 6(1), 216-234. https://doi.org/ 10.3934/agrfood.2021014
• Kung, L., & Shaver, R. (2001). Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus on Forage, 3(13), 1-5.
• Masuko, T., Hariyama, Y., Takahashi, Y., Cao, L. M., Goto, M., & Ohshima, M. (2002). Effect of addition of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria prepared from timothy [Phleum pratense] and orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata] on fermentation quality of silages. Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science (Japan).
• Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., & Schneider, W. (1988) Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55. https://doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.79.483
• Muck, R. E. (1996). A lactic acid bacteria strain to improve aerobic stability of silages. US Dairy Forage Research Center, 42-43.
• Ni, K., Wang, F., Zhu, B., Yang, J., Zhou, G., Pan, Y. I., ... & Zhong, J. (2017). Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage. Bioresource Technology, 238, 706-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.055
• Okoye, C. O., Wang, Y., Gao, L., Wu, Y., Li, X., Sun, J., & Jiang, J. (2022). The performance of lactic acid bacteria in silage production: A review of modern biotechnology for silage improvement. Microbiological Research, 127212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2022.127212
• Okuyucu, B. (2018). The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enyzme mixture inoculants on the fermentation, aerobic stability and feed value of alfalfa silage. Master's thesis, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tekirdağ, Türkiye. (in Turkish with an abstract in English)
• Oliveira, A. S., Weinberg, Z. G., Ogunade, I. M., Cervantes, A. A., Arriola, K. G., Jiang, Y., ... & Adesogan, A. T. (2017). Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(6), 4587-4603. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11815
• Otero, M. A. (1993). Composition and properties of cane molasses from northeastern Cuba. International Sugar Journal, 95, 4-8.
• Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 17(6), 264-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
• Polan, C. E., Stieve, D. E., & Garrett, J. L. (1998). Protein preservation and ruminal degradation of ensiled forage treated with heat, formic acid, ammonia, or microbial inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(3), 765-776. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75633-4
• Sarıpınar, D., & Sulu, N. (2005). The use of probiotics in ruminant and their effects on rumen. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1).
• Si, Q., Wang, Z., Liu, W., Liu, M., Ge, G., Jia, Y., & Du, S. (2023). Influence of cellulase or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the ensiling performance and bacterial community in mixed silage of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis. Microorganisms, 11(2), 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020426
• Silva, V. P., Pereira, O. G., Leandro, E. S., Paula, R. A., Agarussi, M. C., & Ribeiro, K. G. (2020). Selection of lactic acid bacteria from alfalfa silage and its effects as inoculant on silage fermentation. Agriculture, 10(11), 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110518
• SPSS (1991) Inc. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/PC+). Chicago, IL.
• Sun, L., Jiang, Y., Ling, Q., Na, N., Xu, H., Vyas, D., ... & Xue, Y. (2021). Effects of adding pre-fermented fluid prepared from red clover or Lucerne on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of red clover and Lucerne silages. Agriculture, 11(5), 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050454
• Sun, Y., & Yang, Q. (2021). Evaluation of the Performance of Seventeen Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). XXI International Grassland Congress /VIII International Rangeland Congress.
• Suzuki, M., & Lund, C. W. (1980). Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acids in silage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 28(5), 1040-1041.
• Tao, L., Zhou, H., Zhang, N., Si, B., Tu, Y., Ma, T., & Diao, Q. (2017). Effects of different source additives and wilt conditions on the pH value, aerobic stability, and carbohydrate and protein fractions of alfalfa silage. Animal Science Journal, 88(1), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12599
• Tiknazoğlu, B. (2009). Yem bitkileri tarımı ve silaj yapımı. Samsun İl ve Tarım Müdürlüğü Yayınları. P.36. Turan, A., & Önenç, S. S. (2018). Effect of cumin essential oil usage on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digetibility of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31(8), 1252. https://doi.org/10.5713%2Fajas.17.0834
• Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of dairy science, 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
• Wang, Y., Ke, W., Lu, Q., & Zhang, G. (2023). Effects of Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Community, and Functional Shifts during Alfalfa Silage Fermentation. Animals, 13(5), 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050932
• Xie, Y., Bao, J., Li, W., Sun, Z., Gao, R., Wu, Z., & Yu, Z. (2021). Effects of applying lactic acid bacteria and molasses on the fermentation quality, protein fractions and in vitro digestibility of baled alfalfa silage. Agronomy, 11(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010091
• Zhang, Y. G., Xin, H. S., & Hua, J. L. (2010). Effects of treating whole-plant or chopped rice straw silage with different levels of lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and nutritive value for lactating Holsteins. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 23(12), 1601-1607. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10082
• Zi, X., Liu, Y., Chen, T., Li, M., Zhou, H., & Tang, J. (2022). Effects of sucrose, glucose and molasses on fermentation quality and bacterial community of stylo silage. Fermentation, 8(5), 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8050191