Research Article
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A Symbolic Reconstruction from the Ritual to the Belief: Virtual Alevi Communities

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 7 - 28, 28.06.2019

Abstract

This article aims to deal with the symbolic reconstruction of the communities in the modern era in the case of virtual Alevi communities. It claims that modernity is symbolically restructuring in the context of an abstraction process that moves from ritual to faith rather than destroying communities, and that virtual communities are cognitive structures of this symbolic construction process. In addition, it is believed that the symbolic construction processes of the communities continue without slowing down. The emergence of more flexible and individualistic new types of virtual communities is seen as an indicator of this situation. It considers this symbolic construction of the community as a result of reflexivity which can reflect on the modern structure’s own structure and organization, and to correct and renew itself. It intends to put forward its claim that communities have undergone a symbolic reconstruction that has led to an increasingly flexible and individualistic structure in the case of online Alevi communities. For this purpose, two separate researches were carried out at different times for the same sample consisting of the ABF (Alevi Bektashi Federation), AABF (Federation of Alevi Unions of Germany), Genç Aleviler Forum and the Alevi Forum. The first research was carried out in September 2012- April 2013 by cyber ethnography. The second one was conducted in April 2019 with indirect observation technique. The data of both studies were compared and interpreted in order to understand how a transformation has occurred in the structure of virtual communities and in what direction the symbolic building process is proceeding.

References

  • Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Anthony, G. (2012). Modernliğin sonuçları. Çev. Ersin Kuşdil, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Bauman, Z. (2003). Modernlik ve müphemlik, İ. Türkmen (Çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Çaha, Ö. (2004). The Role of the media in the revival of Alevi identity in Turkey. Social Identities 10(3): 325-338.
  • Çamuroğlu, R. (1998). Alevi revivalism in Turkey. Tord Olsson, Elisabeth Özdalga, Catharina Raudvere (eds.). Alevi identity cultural, religious And social perspectives. İstanbul: Swedish Research Institute.
  • Castells, M. (2000). Toward a sociology of the network society. Contemporary Sociology 29(5): 693-699.
  • Delanty, G. (2003). Community. London: Routledge.
  • Erman, T. ve Göker, E. (2000). Alevi politics in contemporary Turkey. Middle Eastern Studies 36(4): 99-118.
  • Karolewski, J. (2008). What is heterodox about Alevism? The development of anti-Alevi discrimination and resentment. Die Welt des Islams 48: 434-456.
  • Kieser, H. L. (2001). Muslim heterodoxy and protestant utopia. The ınteractions between Alevis and Missionaries in Ottoman Anatolia. Die Welt des Islams 41(1): 89-111.
  • Kieser, H. L. (2002). Mission as factor of change in Turkey (nineteenth to first half of twentieth century). Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 13(4): 391-410.
  • Mellor, P. A. (2004). Religion, culture and society in the ‘Information Age’. Sociology of Religion 65(4): 357-371.
  • Olsson, T. (1998). Epilogue: The scripturalization of Ali-oriented Religions. Tord Olsson, Elisabeth Özdalga, Catharina Raudvere (eds.). Alevi ıdentity cultural, religious and social perspectives. İstanbul: Swedish Research Institute.
  • Şahin, İ. (2013). Online Alevi topluluklar ritüel desenli bir gruptan mit desenli bir inanç topluluğuna, Konya: Çizgi Yayınevi.
  • Şahin, İ. (2016). Yol bir, sürek binbir modernleşme, kimlik ve topluluk: Alevilik örneği, A. Özbolat, M. Macit (eds.), Kimlik ve Din, Adana: Karahan, ss.127-165.
  • Şahin, İ. (2018). Topluluk ve aidiyeti modernleştiren rasyonel bir yapı, İ. Şahin, (ed.), Uzunyayla Çerkesleri Topluluk, Aidiyet ve Kimlik, Konya: Çizgi, s. 301-352.
  • Şahin, İ. (2019). Hayat bir oyundur, sosyal acı, teodise, sosyodise ve ritüel, Konya: Çizgi.
  • Sander, T. H. ve Putnam, R. D. (2010). Still bowling alone? The post-9/11 split. Journal of Democracy 21(1): 9-16.
  • Tenbruck, F. H. (1980). The problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber, The British Journal of Sociology, 31(3): 316-351.
  • Tönnies, F. (2001). Community and civil society, J. Harris (ed.), J. Harris; M. Hollis (çev.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Turner, Bryan S. (1986). Equality, New York: Tavistock Publications and Ellis Horwood Limited.
  • Turner, V. (1974). Dramas, fields, and metaphors symbolic action in human society, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Turner, V. (1982). From ritual to theatre, New York: Paj Publications.
  • Turner, V. (1995). The ritual process, structure and anti-structure, New York: Aldine De Gruyter;
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (1996). Kurds, Turks and the Alevi revival in Turkey, Middle East Report 200: 7-10.
  • Weber, M. (1998). Sosyoloji yazıları, H. H. Gerth-C. Wrights Mills (eds.), Taha Parla (çev.), İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Weber, M. (2010). Şehir modern kentin oluşumu, Don Martindale & Gertrud Neuwirth (eds.), Çev. Musa Ceylan, İstanbul: Yarın.
  • Weber, M. (2012). Din sosyolojisi, Ephraim Fischoff (ed.), Latif Boyacı (çev.), İstanbul: Yarın.
  • Wellman, B. (2002). Little boxes, glocalization, and networked ındividualism. Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, Toru Ishida (eds.). Digital Cities II, Computational and Sociological Approaches. Berlin: Springer.
  • Williams, J. P. (2009). Community, frame of reference and boundary: Three sociological concepts and their relevance for virtual worlds research. Qualitative Sociology Review, 5(2): 3-16.
  • http://web.archive.org/web/20131210135622/http://www.aleviforum.com/(Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://web.archive.org/web/20160413035545/http://www.gencaleviler.com/forum (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://www.aabf-inanc-kurumu.com/tag/almanya-alevi-birlikleri-federasyonu/ (Erişim:01.05.2019)
  • http://www.alevifederasyonu.org.tr/ (Erişim: 25.04.2019)
  • http://www.aleviforum.com/forum.php (Erişim: 12.03.2013)
  • http://www.alevitische-bestattungen.de/tr/ (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://www.gencaleviler.com/forum/(Son Erişim: 20.03.2013).
  • https://alevi.com/TR/ (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://twitter.com/abfkurumsal (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://twitter.com/huseyinmat_?lang=en(Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://www.facebook.com/alevifederasyon/ (Erişim: 23.04.2019)
  • https://www.facebook.com/Alevitische.Gemeinde.Deutschland/(Erişim:01.05.2019).
  • https://www.facebook.com/AvrupaAleviGenclerBirligi/(Erişim: 01.05.2019).

Ritüelden İnanca Sembolik Bir Yapılanma: Online Alevi Topluluklar

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 7 - 28, 28.06.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışma toplulukların modern dönemde geçirdiği sembolik yapılanmayı sanal Alevi toplulukları örneğinde ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale, modernitenin toplulukları yok etmek yerine ritüelden inanca doğru seyreden bir soyutlama süreci bağlamında sembolik olarak yeniden yapılandırdığı, sanal toplulukların sembolik inşa sürecinin ürünü bilişsel yapılar olduğu iddiasındadır. Ayrıca, toplulukların sembolik inşa süreçlerinin hız kesmeksizin devam ettiği kanaatindedir. Daha esnek ve bireyci yeni sanal topluluk tiplerinin açığa çıkmış olmasını da bu durumun bir göstergesi olarak görmektedir. Topluluğun geçirdiği bu sembolik inşayı modern ideolojinin kendi yapı ve örgütlenmesi üzerine düşünebilen, kendi kendisini yenileyebilen düşünümselliğinin bir neticesi olarak değerlendirmektedir. Toplulukların giderek daha esnek ve bireyci bir yapıya bürünmelerine neden olan simgesel bir inşadan geçtiklerine dair iddiasını online Alevi topluluklar örneğinde ortaya koymak niyetindedir. Bunun için ABF (Alevi Bektaşi Federasyonu), AABF (Almanya Alevi Birlikleri Federasyonu), Genç Aleviler ve Alevi Forum’dan oluşan aynı örnekleme dair farklı zamanlarda iki ayrı araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sanal toplulukların yapısında nasıl bir dönüşümün gerçekleştiği ve sembolik inşa sürecinin ne yönde ilerlediğini anlamak için her iki araştırmanın verileri karşılaştırılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.

References

  • Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Anthony, G. (2012). Modernliğin sonuçları. Çev. Ersin Kuşdil, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Bauman, Z. (2003). Modernlik ve müphemlik, İ. Türkmen (Çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Çaha, Ö. (2004). The Role of the media in the revival of Alevi identity in Turkey. Social Identities 10(3): 325-338.
  • Çamuroğlu, R. (1998). Alevi revivalism in Turkey. Tord Olsson, Elisabeth Özdalga, Catharina Raudvere (eds.). Alevi identity cultural, religious And social perspectives. İstanbul: Swedish Research Institute.
  • Castells, M. (2000). Toward a sociology of the network society. Contemporary Sociology 29(5): 693-699.
  • Delanty, G. (2003). Community. London: Routledge.
  • Erman, T. ve Göker, E. (2000). Alevi politics in contemporary Turkey. Middle Eastern Studies 36(4): 99-118.
  • Karolewski, J. (2008). What is heterodox about Alevism? The development of anti-Alevi discrimination and resentment. Die Welt des Islams 48: 434-456.
  • Kieser, H. L. (2001). Muslim heterodoxy and protestant utopia. The ınteractions between Alevis and Missionaries in Ottoman Anatolia. Die Welt des Islams 41(1): 89-111.
  • Kieser, H. L. (2002). Mission as factor of change in Turkey (nineteenth to first half of twentieth century). Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 13(4): 391-410.
  • Mellor, P. A. (2004). Religion, culture and society in the ‘Information Age’. Sociology of Religion 65(4): 357-371.
  • Olsson, T. (1998). Epilogue: The scripturalization of Ali-oriented Religions. Tord Olsson, Elisabeth Özdalga, Catharina Raudvere (eds.). Alevi ıdentity cultural, religious and social perspectives. İstanbul: Swedish Research Institute.
  • Şahin, İ. (2013). Online Alevi topluluklar ritüel desenli bir gruptan mit desenli bir inanç topluluğuna, Konya: Çizgi Yayınevi.
  • Şahin, İ. (2016). Yol bir, sürek binbir modernleşme, kimlik ve topluluk: Alevilik örneği, A. Özbolat, M. Macit (eds.), Kimlik ve Din, Adana: Karahan, ss.127-165.
  • Şahin, İ. (2018). Topluluk ve aidiyeti modernleştiren rasyonel bir yapı, İ. Şahin, (ed.), Uzunyayla Çerkesleri Topluluk, Aidiyet ve Kimlik, Konya: Çizgi, s. 301-352.
  • Şahin, İ. (2019). Hayat bir oyundur, sosyal acı, teodise, sosyodise ve ritüel, Konya: Çizgi.
  • Sander, T. H. ve Putnam, R. D. (2010). Still bowling alone? The post-9/11 split. Journal of Democracy 21(1): 9-16.
  • Tenbruck, F. H. (1980). The problem of thematic unity in the works of Max Weber, The British Journal of Sociology, 31(3): 316-351.
  • Tönnies, F. (2001). Community and civil society, J. Harris (ed.), J. Harris; M. Hollis (çev.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Turner, Bryan S. (1986). Equality, New York: Tavistock Publications and Ellis Horwood Limited.
  • Turner, V. (1974). Dramas, fields, and metaphors symbolic action in human society, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Turner, V. (1982). From ritual to theatre, New York: Paj Publications.
  • Turner, V. (1995). The ritual process, structure and anti-structure, New York: Aldine De Gruyter;
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (1996). Kurds, Turks and the Alevi revival in Turkey, Middle East Report 200: 7-10.
  • Weber, M. (1998). Sosyoloji yazıları, H. H. Gerth-C. Wrights Mills (eds.), Taha Parla (çev.), İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Weber, M. (2010). Şehir modern kentin oluşumu, Don Martindale & Gertrud Neuwirth (eds.), Çev. Musa Ceylan, İstanbul: Yarın.
  • Weber, M. (2012). Din sosyolojisi, Ephraim Fischoff (ed.), Latif Boyacı (çev.), İstanbul: Yarın.
  • Wellman, B. (2002). Little boxes, glocalization, and networked ındividualism. Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, Toru Ishida (eds.). Digital Cities II, Computational and Sociological Approaches. Berlin: Springer.
  • Williams, J. P. (2009). Community, frame of reference and boundary: Three sociological concepts and their relevance for virtual worlds research. Qualitative Sociology Review, 5(2): 3-16.
  • http://web.archive.org/web/20131210135622/http://www.aleviforum.com/(Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://web.archive.org/web/20160413035545/http://www.gencaleviler.com/forum (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://www.aabf-inanc-kurumu.com/tag/almanya-alevi-birlikleri-federasyonu/ (Erişim:01.05.2019)
  • http://www.alevifederasyonu.org.tr/ (Erişim: 25.04.2019)
  • http://www.aleviforum.com/forum.php (Erişim: 12.03.2013)
  • http://www.alevitische-bestattungen.de/tr/ (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • http://www.gencaleviler.com/forum/(Son Erişim: 20.03.2013).
  • https://alevi.com/TR/ (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://twitter.com/abfkurumsal (Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://twitter.com/huseyinmat_?lang=en(Erişim: 01.05.2019)
  • https://www.facebook.com/alevifederasyon/ (Erişim: 23.04.2019)
  • https://www.facebook.com/Alevitische.Gemeinde.Deutschland/(Erişim:01.05.2019).
  • https://www.facebook.com/AvrupaAleviGenclerBirligi/(Erişim: 01.05.2019).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlkay Şahin 0000-0002-9751-0271

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, İ. (2019). Ritüelden İnanca Sembolik Bir Yapılanma: Online Alevi Topluluklar. Medya Ve Din Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 7-28.

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