Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Social Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkiye: A Qualitative Study

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 31 - 48, 29.12.2023

Abstract

Turkiye is the world's largest host country, hosting more than 3.5 million Syrian refugees today. This study investigates the social factors that make their social integration easier or more challenging, We used a qualitative method, based on their own experiences and their own words. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 adult Syrian refugees of different ethnic origins who have resided in Turkiye for at least 1.5 years and at most 5 years. The data obtained as a result of these interviews were analyzed by applying the thematic analysis method. As a result of the analysis, five main themes and 14 sub-themes emerged. The five main themes determined are "Evaluations About Turkey", "Problems Related to Daily Life", "Language Barrier", "Social Life", and "Comparison of Turkey and Syria", respectively.

References

  • Allport, G.W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley, Reading.
  • Amit, K. (2012). Social integration and identity of immigrants from western countries, the FSU and Ethiopia in Israel. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(7), 1287–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.602091
  • Bazeley, P. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2nd ed. / Pat Bazeley & Kristi Jackson. ed.). Los Angeles; London: Los Angeles ; London : SAGE.
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843- 857.
  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5-34 Blau, P. M. (1960). A Theory of Social Integration. American Journal of Sociology, 65(6), 545-556. doi:10.1086/222785
  • Blue, S. (2005). Including Women in Development: Guatemalan Refugees and Local NGOs. Latin American Perspectives, 32(5), 101-117.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
  • Braun, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research : a practical guide for beginners. London: London : SAGE.
  • Castles, S. (1986). The Guest-Worker in Western Europe - an Obituary. The International Migration Review, 20(4), 761-778. doi:10.2307/2545735 Correll, D., & Chai, M. (2009). Social integration. Global Social Policy, 9(1), 39-42. doi:10.1177/14680181090090010812
  • Daud, A., Klinteberg, B., & Rydelius, P. (2008). Resilience and vulnerability among refugee children of traumatized and non-traumatized parents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1), 7. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-7
  • Dura-Vila, G., Klasen, H., Makatini, Z., Rahimi, Z., & Hodes, M. (2012). Mental health problems of young refugees: Duration of settlement, risk factors and community- based interventions. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18(4), 604-623.
  • Durkheim, E. (1952). Suicide: A study in sociology (International library of sociology and social reconstruction (London)). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Edwards, A. (2016, July 11). UNHCR - UNHCR viewpoint: 'Refugee' or 'migrant' - Which is right? http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcr-viewpoint-refugee- migrant-right.html bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Gabriel, P., Morgan-Jonker, C., Phung, C., Barrios, R., & Kaczorowski, J. (2011). Refugees and Health Care - The Need for Data: Understanding the Health of Government-assisted Refugees in Canada Through a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 269-72.
  • Gerver, M. (2016). Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent. Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent. British Journal of Political Science.
  • Kızık, B. (2019). “Ben Hepimizin Yeni Bir Hayat Kurmasını İstiyorum” Suriyeli Mültecilerin Türkiye’ye Sosyal Entegrasyonu. https://www.mesail.org/ikinci-sayi/ben-hepimizin-yeni-bir-hayat-kurmasini-istiyorum-suriyeli-multecilerin-turkiyeye-sosyal-entegrasyonu/ bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Kiagia, M. (2010). Social integration of refugees and asylum applicants in Greece. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 38-68.
  • Lee, J. (2015). Disciplinary citizenship in South Korean NGOs' narratives of resettlement for North Korean refugees. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1-17.
  • Lizarraga, O., Mantecón, A., & Huete, R. (2015). Transnationality and social integration within lifestyle migration. A comparative study of two cases in mexico and spain. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14(1), 139-159.
  • Martinovic, Tubergen, & Maas. (2009). Changes in immigrants’ social integration during the stay in the host country: The case of non-western immigrants in the Netherlands. Social Science Research, 38(4), 870-882. Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed. ed.). London; Thousand Oaks, CA.London ; Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications.
  • Matthews, B. (2010). Research methods: a practical guide for the social sciences (1st. ed.). New York, NY: New York, NY: Pearson Longman.
  • Pettigrew, T., Tropp, L., & Dovidio, John F. (2006). A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783
  • Rose, T., Joe, S., Shields, J., & Caldwell, C. H. (2014). Social Integration and the Mental Health of Black Adolescents. Child Development, 85(3), 1003-1018. doi:10.1111/cdev.12182
  • Rubin, M., Watt, S. E., & Ramelli, M. (2012). Immigrants’ social integration as a function ofapproach-avoidance orientation and problem-solving style. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 498-505. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.009
  • Scuzzarello, S. (2012). Migrants' Integration in Western Europe: Bridging Social Psychology and Political Science. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(1), 1-19.
  • Spiegel, & Golub. (2014). Refugees and health: Lessons from World War 1. The Lancet, 384(9955), 1644-1646. Subirós, P. (2011). Don't Ask Me Where I'm From: Thoughts of Immigrants to Catalonia on Social Integration and Cultural Capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(2), 437-444.
  • Valtonen, K. (1998). Resettlement of Middle Eastern Refugees in Finland: The Elusiveness of Integration. 11(1), 38-60. doi:10.1093/jrs/11.1.38
  • UNHRC (2023a). Global Trends At-a-Glance. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/statistics/#:~:text=There%20are%2013.5%20million%20displaced,)%20and%20Jordan%20(660%2C900) bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • UNHRC (2023b). Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Turkey. https://www.unhcr.org/tr/en/refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-turkey bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Wray, M, Colen, C. & Pescosolido, B. (2011). The Sociology of Suicide (August 2011). Annual Review of Sociology, 37, 505-528.
  • Zunzunegui, M., Alvarado, B., Del Ser, T., & Otero, A. (2003). Social Networks, Social Integration, and Social Engagement Determine Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Spanish Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), S93-S100

Suriyeli Mültecilerin Türkiye’ye Sosyal Entegrasyonu: Bir Niteliksel Analiz Çalışması

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 31 - 48, 29.12.2023

Abstract

Türkiye, bugün 3,5 milyondan fazla Suriyeli mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan dünyanın en büyük ev sahibi ülkesidir. Bu çalışma, Suriyeli mültecilerin Türkiye’ye sosyal entegrasyonlarını kolaylaştıran ve zorlaştıran sosyal etkenleri, onların kendi deneyimlerine ve kendi sözlerine dayalı olarak niteliksel bir yöntem kullanarak araştırmaktadır. Türkiye'de en az 1,5 yıl, en fazla 5 yıl ikamet etmiş, farklı etnik kökenlere sahip, yetişkin 14 Suriyeli mülteci ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler tematik analiz yöntemi uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ortaya beş ana tema ve bu ana temalara bağlı olarak 14 alt tema çıkmıştır. Belirlenen beş ana tema sırasıyla “Türkiye’ye Dair Değerlendirmeler”, “Günlük Hayatla İlgili Problemler”, “Dil Bariyeri”, “Sosyal Hayat”, ve “Türkiye ve Suriye Karşılaştırması” dır

References

  • Allport, G.W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley, Reading.
  • Amit, K. (2012). Social integration and identity of immigrants from western countries, the FSU and Ethiopia in Israel. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(7), 1287–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.602091
  • Bazeley, P. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2nd ed. / Pat Bazeley & Kristi Jackson. ed.). Los Angeles; London: Los Angeles ; London : SAGE.
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843- 857.
  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5-34 Blau, P. M. (1960). A Theory of Social Integration. American Journal of Sociology, 65(6), 545-556. doi:10.1086/222785
  • Blue, S. (2005). Including Women in Development: Guatemalan Refugees and Local NGOs. Latin American Perspectives, 32(5), 101-117.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
  • Braun, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research : a practical guide for beginners. London: London : SAGE.
  • Castles, S. (1986). The Guest-Worker in Western Europe - an Obituary. The International Migration Review, 20(4), 761-778. doi:10.2307/2545735 Correll, D., & Chai, M. (2009). Social integration. Global Social Policy, 9(1), 39-42. doi:10.1177/14680181090090010812
  • Daud, A., Klinteberg, B., & Rydelius, P. (2008). Resilience and vulnerability among refugee children of traumatized and non-traumatized parents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1), 7. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-7
  • Dura-Vila, G., Klasen, H., Makatini, Z., Rahimi, Z., & Hodes, M. (2012). Mental health problems of young refugees: Duration of settlement, risk factors and community- based interventions. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18(4), 604-623.
  • Durkheim, E. (1952). Suicide: A study in sociology (International library of sociology and social reconstruction (London)). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Edwards, A. (2016, July 11). UNHCR - UNHCR viewpoint: 'Refugee' or 'migrant' - Which is right? http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcr-viewpoint-refugee- migrant-right.html bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Gabriel, P., Morgan-Jonker, C., Phung, C., Barrios, R., & Kaczorowski, J. (2011). Refugees and Health Care - The Need for Data: Understanding the Health of Government-assisted Refugees in Canada Through a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 269-72.
  • Gerver, M. (2016). Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent. Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent. British Journal of Political Science.
  • Kızık, B. (2019). “Ben Hepimizin Yeni Bir Hayat Kurmasını İstiyorum” Suriyeli Mültecilerin Türkiye’ye Sosyal Entegrasyonu. https://www.mesail.org/ikinci-sayi/ben-hepimizin-yeni-bir-hayat-kurmasini-istiyorum-suriyeli-multecilerin-turkiyeye-sosyal-entegrasyonu/ bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Kiagia, M. (2010). Social integration of refugees and asylum applicants in Greece. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 38-68.
  • Lee, J. (2015). Disciplinary citizenship in South Korean NGOs' narratives of resettlement for North Korean refugees. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1-17.
  • Lizarraga, O., Mantecón, A., & Huete, R. (2015). Transnationality and social integration within lifestyle migration. A comparative study of two cases in mexico and spain. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14(1), 139-159.
  • Martinovic, Tubergen, & Maas. (2009). Changes in immigrants’ social integration during the stay in the host country: The case of non-western immigrants in the Netherlands. Social Science Research, 38(4), 870-882. Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed. ed.). London; Thousand Oaks, CA.London ; Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications.
  • Matthews, B. (2010). Research methods: a practical guide for the social sciences (1st. ed.). New York, NY: New York, NY: Pearson Longman.
  • Pettigrew, T., Tropp, L., & Dovidio, John F. (2006). A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783
  • Rose, T., Joe, S., Shields, J., & Caldwell, C. H. (2014). Social Integration and the Mental Health of Black Adolescents. Child Development, 85(3), 1003-1018. doi:10.1111/cdev.12182
  • Rubin, M., Watt, S. E., & Ramelli, M. (2012). Immigrants’ social integration as a function ofapproach-avoidance orientation and problem-solving style. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 498-505. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.009
  • Scuzzarello, S. (2012). Migrants' Integration in Western Europe: Bridging Social Psychology and Political Science. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(1), 1-19.
  • Spiegel, & Golub. (2014). Refugees and health: Lessons from World War 1. The Lancet, 384(9955), 1644-1646. Subirós, P. (2011). Don't Ask Me Where I'm From: Thoughts of Immigrants to Catalonia on Social Integration and Cultural Capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(2), 437-444.
  • Valtonen, K. (1998). Resettlement of Middle Eastern Refugees in Finland: The Elusiveness of Integration. 11(1), 38-60. doi:10.1093/jrs/11.1.38
  • UNHRC (2023a). Global Trends At-a-Glance. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/statistics/#:~:text=There%20are%2013.5%20million%20displaced,)%20and%20Jordan%20(660%2C900) bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • UNHRC (2023b). Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Turkey. https://www.unhcr.org/tr/en/refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-turkey bağlantısından erişilmiştir.
  • Wray, M, Colen, C. & Pescosolido, B. (2011). The Sociology of Suicide (August 2011). Annual Review of Sociology, 37, 505-528.
  • Zunzunegui, M., Alvarado, B., Del Ser, T., & Otero, A. (2003). Social Networks, Social Integration, and Social Engagement Determine Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Spanish Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), S93-S100
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Büşra Kızık 0000-0002-9961-0698

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date December 21, 2023
Acceptance Date December 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kızık, B. (2023). Suriyeli Mültecilerin Türkiye’ye Sosyal Entegrasyonu: Bir Niteliksel Analiz Çalışması. Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies, 8(2), 31-48.