Zayıf Zeminlerde Açılan Büyük Çaplı Bir Tünelin Destek Sistemi Tasarımı (Çukurçayır-2 Tüneli, Trabzon)

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 97 - 118, 10.07.2020

Ebu Bekir Aygar Candan Gökçeoğlu

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon Şehir Geçişi Kanuni Bulvarı projesi kapsamında planlanan ve toplam uzunluğu 292 m olan Çukurçayır-2 Tüneli destek sisteminin tasarımı amaçlanmıştır. Çukurçayır 2 tüneli 3 şeritli ve çift tüp olup, proje kapsamında sağ tüp Km:12+726 - 12+934 arasında, sol tüp ise Km:12+748 - 13+000 arasında yer almaktadır. Tünel güzergahı tamamen kil, siltli kumlu kil, kil/çakıl ve killi çakıllı kum birimleri içerisinde kalmaktadır. Tünel örtü kalınlığı en fazla 25 m olup, sığ tünel özelliğindedir. Ayrıca tünel güzergahı boyunca yüzeyde konutlar bulunmaktadır. Tünelin sıkışabilen ve şişen killer içinde açılması sebebi ile destek sistemi tasarımı açısından ciddi öneme sahiptir. Bu tür killi ve kumlu birimlerde en önemli stabilite sorunlarının ayna ve tavan stabilitesi olacağı bilinmektedir. Buna ek olarak tünelin uzun dönemde, zeminin sıkışabilme özelliklerine bağlı olarak destek sisteminin göstereceği davranış da ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, tünelin zemin içinden geçmesi ve örtü yüksekliğin sığ olması sebebi ile uzun dönem stabilitesi de bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, tünelcilik açısından özel problemlere sahip olan Çukurçayır – 2 Tünelinin tasarımı sırasında karşılaşılan güçlükler ve bunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri bu çalışma kapsamında sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

Sığ örtü, Büyük açıklıklı tünel, NATM, Zayıf zemin

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