RUSLE Modeli ile Tepelik Bir Arazinin Toprak Erozyonunun Değerlendirilmesi - Chittagong Hill Tracts Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 151 - 165, 28.09.2023

Easmat Ara Afrin M. M. Abdullah Al Mamun Mohammed Mozaffar Hossain Li Zhang

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1197801

Abstract

Pek çok çevre sorunu arasında toprak erozyonu, Bangladeş'teki Bandarban, Rangamati ve Khagrachari olmak üzere üç ilçeden oluşan ve Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) olarak bilinen bölge için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu engebeli arazi için yıllık toprak erozyon oranı, Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (GIS) ile entegre edilmiş olan Yenilenmiş Evrensel Toprak Kayıpları Eşitliği (YETKE) modeli kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Yağışın tahmini erozivitesi, toprağın erodibilitesi, eğim uzunluğu ve eğim dikliği, mahsul yönetim faktörü ve koruma uygulamaları aralıkları, sırasıyla, 806,2 ila 1513,2 MJ.mm. ha-1.h-1.yr-1 (veya ortalama 1121,5 MJ.mm. ha-1.h-1.yr-1), 0 ila 0.02 t.h.MJ-1 mm-1, 0 ila 78.8 (veya ortalama 0.41), 0 ila 0.63 (veya ortalama 0.57) ve 0.55 ila 1 (veya ortalama 0.73) olarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çalışma alanında yılda 182621,5 ton toprak kaybı beklenmektedir ve tahmini yıllık toprak erozyon oranı da 15,18 t.ha-1.yr-1 olarak öngörülmüştür. Ağırlıklı bindirmeli indeks yaklaşımı kullanılarak oluşturulan olasılık bölgesi haritası araştırma bölgesinin çoğunluğunun hafif olasılık bölgesi içinde kaldığını ve yalnızca küçük bir yüzdesinin yüksek ve çok yüksek olasılık bölgeleri içinde kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Uzaktan Algılama (RS) ve CBS teknolojilerinin erozyonu tahmin etmede yararlı olduğunu ve toprak koruma programlarında kullanılabileceğini kanıtlamaktadır.

Keywords

Toprak erozyonu, USLE, RUSLE, Uzaktan algılama ve CBS

Soil Erosion Assessment of a Hilly Terrain by RUSLE Model - A Case Study of Chittagong Hill Tracts

Abstract

Among many environmental problems, soil erosion poses a serious threat to the region known as Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) in Bangladesh, comprising three districts, namely Bandarban, Rangamati, and Khagrachari. The annual soil erosion rate for this hilly terrain was calculated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The ranges of the estimated erosivity of rainfall, erodibility of the soil, slope length and slope steepness, crop management factor and conservation practices are 806.2 to 1513.2 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.yr-1 (or an average of 1121.5 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.yr-1), 0 to 0.02 t.h.MJ-1 mm-1, 0 to 78.8 (or average 0.41), 0 to 0.63 (or average 0.57) and 0.55 to 1 (or average 0.73), respectively. As per the findings, the study area is expected to lose 182621.5 tons of soil annually, with the estimated annual soil erosion rate of 15.18 t.ha-1.yr-1 also predicted. The weighted overlay index approach was used to produce the probability zone map, which shows that the majority of the research region falls within the slight probability zone and that only a small percentage falls inside the high and very high probability zones. This study proves RS-GIS is useful for predicting erosion and can be used in soil conservation programs.

Keywords

Soil erosion, USLE, RUSLE, Remote sensing and GIS

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