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Uzaktan Algılama Teknikleri ile Su Yüzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesinde Kullanılan Su Çıkarma İndekslerinin Performans Analizi

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 242 - 261, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1256092

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de bulunan farklı karakteristik özelliklere sahip Küçükçekmece, Köyceğiz, Burdur, Hazar ve Çıldır gölleri üzerinde sekiz farklı su çıkarma indeksi test edilmiş ve bu indekslerin performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Su yüzeylerinin belirlenmesi için yapılan çalışmalarda en çok kullanılan NDVI, NDWI1, NDWI2, MNDWI, AWEInsh, AWEIsh, NDMI ve NWI indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Bu indeksler Google Earth Engine platformunda JavaScript kodları ile Sentinel-2 görüntüleri kullanılarak hesaplanmışlardır. Elde edilen indeksler üzerinde su ve su olamayan alanları belirlemek için ise otomatik eşikleme yapabilen Otsu yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın doğruluk değerlendirmesi için Google Earth Pro tarafından sağlanan WorldView-1/2/3, GeoEye-1 ve Airbus’ın Pleiades yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüler kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirme, genel doğruluk, Kappa istatistiği ve F1-skor hesaplanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanılan indekslerin su yüzeylerini tespit etmedeki başarılarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup olmadığı McNemar testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada en iyi performans gösteren NDW1 indeksi genel doğruluk (GD) değeri minimum %98.00, maksimum %98.94, Kappa istatistiği minimum 0.958, maksimum 0.996 ve F1-skor minimum %97.46, maksimum %98.84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. En kötü performans gösteren indeks olan NDMI için, GD değeri minimum %48.57, maksimum %89.60, Kappa istatistiği minimum 0.047, maksimum 0.703 ve F1-skor minimum %30.77, maksimum %76.77 hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan genel değerlendirme sonucu incelenen sekiz indeks arasında NDWI1 en başarılı, NDMI ise en başarısız çıkmıştır.

References

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Performance Analysis of Water Extraction Indices Used in Detection of Water Surfaces with Remote Sensing Techniques

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 242 - 261, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1256092

Abstract

In this study, eight different water extraction indices were tested in Küçükçekmece, Köyceğiz, Burdur, Hazar, and Çıldır lakes in Türkiye, and the performances of these indices were compared. To determine water surfaces, NDVI, NDWI1, NDWI2, MNDWI, AWEInsh, AWEIsh, NDMI, and NWI indices were utilized. These indices were computed using Sentinel-2 images on the Google Earth Engine platform. The Otsu method, capable of performing automatic thresholding, was employed to delineate water and non-water areas on the indices. For accuracy assessment, images from WorldView-1/2/3, GeoEye-1, and Airbus' Pleiades, provided by Google Earth Pro, were utilized. The evaluation was conducted by calculating overall accuracy (OA), Kappa statistic, and F1-score. The statistical significance of the performance of the utilized indices was assessed using McNemar's test. The best-performing NDW1 index had an OA value of 98% to 99%, a Kappa of 0.96 to 0.99, and an F1-score of 97% to 98%. The worst-performing NDMI had an OA value of 49% to 89%, a Kappa of 0.05 to 0.70, and an F1-score of 31% to 77%. As a result of the general evaluation, NDWI1 was the most successful and NDMI was the most unsuccessful among the eight indexes examined.

References

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  • Acharya, T. D., Subedi, A. & Lee, D. H. (2018). Evaluation of water indices for surface water extraction in a landsat 8 scene of Nepal. Sensors, 18(8), 2580. doi:10.3390/s18082580.
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  • Elsahabi, M., Negm, A., & M.H. El Tahan, A. H. (2016). Performances Evaluation of Surface Water Areas Extraction Techniques Using Landsat ETM+ Data: Case Study Aswan High Dam Lake (AHDL). Procedia Technology, 22, 1205-1212.
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  • Gao, B. C. (1996). NDWI-A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space. Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(3), 257-266.
  • Gu, Z., Zhang, Y., & Fan, H. (2021). Mapping inter- and intra-annual dynamics in water surface area of the Tonle Sap Lake with Landsat time-series and water level data. Journal of Hydrology, 601, 126644. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126644.
  • Güneş, C., & Uyguçgil, H. (2022). Investigation of 6-year land use change of Sakarya River around İnhisar (Bilecik) using remote sensing. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS, 3(2), 112-125.
  • Ji, L., Zhang, L., & Wylie, B. (2009). Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 75(11), 1307-1317.
  • Jin, H., Huang, C., Lang, M. W., Yeo, I. Y., & Stehman, S. V. (2017). Monitoring of wetland inundation dynamics in the Delmarva Peninsula using Landsat time-series imagery from 1985 to 2011. Remote Sensing of Environment, 190, 26-41.
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  • Kaya, L. G., Yücedağ, C., & Duruşkan, Ö. (2015). Burdur Gölü havzasının çevresel açıdan irdelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 6-10.
  • Kaya, Ö. (2019). Küçükçekmece Göl havzası (Bathonea) kazılarında bulunan kandiller (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
  • Khalid, H. W., Khalil, R. M. Z., & Qureshi, M. A. (2021). Evaluating spectral indices for water bodies extraction in western Tibetan Plateau. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 24(3), 619-634.
  • Li, J., Ma, R., Cao, Z., Xue, K., Xiong, J., Hu, M., & Feng, X. (2022). Satellite detection of surface water extent: A review of methodology. Water, 14(7), 1148. doi:10.3390/w14071148.
  • Lothspeich, A. C., & Knight, J. F. (2022). The applicability of landtrendr to surface water dynamics : A case study of Minnesota from 1984 to 2019 using google earth engine. Remote Sensing, 14, 2662. doi: 10.3390/rs14112662.
  • Ma, M., Wang, X., Veroustraete, F., & Dong, L. (2007). Change in area of Ebinur Lake during the 1998-2005 period. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(24), 5523-5533.
  • Mansaray, L. R., Wang, F., Huang, J., Yang, L., & Kanu, A. S. (2020). Accuracies of support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) in rice mapping with Sentinel-1A, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A datasets. Geocarto International, 35(10), 1088–1108.
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  • Naik, B. C., & Anuradha, B. (2018). Extraction of water-body area from high-resolution Landsat imagery. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8(6), 4111. doi: 10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4111-4119.
  • Nandi, D., Chowdhury, R., Mohapatra, J., Mohanta, K., & Ray, D. (2018). Automatic delineation of water bodies using multiple spectral ındices. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 498-512.
  • Owusu, C. (2022). PyGEE-SWToolbox : A python jupyter notebook toolbox for ınteractive surface water mapping and analysis using google earth engine. Sustainability, 14, 2557. doi: 10.3390/su14052557.
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Osman Salih Yılmaz 0000-0003-4632-9349

Early Pub Date September 26, 2023
Publication Date September 28, 2023
Submission Date February 24, 2023
Acceptance Date May 16, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz, O. S. (2023). Uzaktan Algılama Teknikleri ile Su Yüzeylerinin Tespit Edilmesinde Kullanılan Su Çıkarma İndekslerinin Performans Analizi. Türk Uzaktan Algılama Ve CBS Dergisi, 4(2), 242-261. https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1256092