Research Article
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THE ISRAEL TAX SYSTEM

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 12 - 25, 29.04.2024

Abstract

As an organized form of social life, the main task of states is to meet the needs of society. In order to do so, the state must have revenue. For this, states seek different ways of financing. Among financial resources, tax revenues are the most important. Since taxation is socio-economically important, countries take into account the economic impact of taxes and the situations that affect tax revenues when designing their tax systems. In this respect, it is important that the tax system is well designed in order to ensure both quality and smooth operation of services. Tax systems differ from country to country and these systems are developed based on the revenue-generating features of taxes. Therefore, examining tax systems around the world, whether developed or developing countries, helps states to improve their tax collection capabilities. This study aims to contribute to the literature by analyzing the general characteristics of the Israeli tax system. In this study, the Israeli tax system will be analyzed under three headings: taxes on income, taxes on wealth and taxes on expenditures.

References

  • Aljezeera (2014). Ülke Profili: İsrail. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.aljazeera.com.tr/ulke-profili/ulke-profili-israil adresinden alındı.
  • Capitil (2024). Guide to the Arnona Tax in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://capitil.com/blog/arnona-tax-in-israel.html adresinden alındı.
  • Deloitte (2022). International Tax Israel Highlights 2022. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www2.deloitte.com/co ntent/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Tax/dttl-tax- israelhighlights-2022.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Easyship (2024). Duties & Taxes Calculator to Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.easyship.com/en-tr/duties-and-taxes-calculator/israel adresinden alındı.
  • Greenback (2024). Taxes in Israel: A Complete Guide for US Expats. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.greenbacktaxservices.com/country-guide/expat-taxes-for-israel/ adresinden alındı.
  • IMF (2024a). World Economic Outlook Database. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/select-subjects?c=436 adresinden alındı.
  • IMF (2024b). Real GDP Growth: Annual Percent Change. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/MEQ/NAQ/CAQ adresinden alındı.
  • ITA (2024). Tax Benefits Reference Manual for Parents with Young Children. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/tax-benefits-for-parents-with-small-children adresinden alındı.
  • Kaplan, A., & Eyal, L. (2012). The Israeli Tax Authority's Voluntary Disclosure Procedure, Trusts & Trustees, 18(2), 95-95.
  • Kızıloğlu, S. (2012). İsrail Devleti’nin Kuruluşuna Kadar Geçen Süreçte Yahudiler ve Siyonizm’in Gelişimi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 35-64.
  • Metzer, J. (2014). Some Perspectives on the Israeli Economy: Stocktaking and Looking Ahead, Israel Studies, 19(2), 133-161.
  • Mintz, M. & Portnov, B. A. (2023). Social and Environmental Factors Affecting The Amount of Property Taxes Collected By Local Authorities In Israel, Land Use Policy, 133, 1-19.
  • National Insurance (2024). Child Allowance Rates. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.btl.gov.il/English%20Homepage/Benefits/Children/Pages/Rates%20of%20child%20allowance.aspx adresinden alındı.
  • Nefesh B'Nefesh (2024a). Taxation in Israel – General Information. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.nbn.org.il/life-in-israel/finances/taxes/taxation-in-israel-general-information/ adresinden alındı.
  • Nefesh B'Nefesh (2024b). Planning Your Aliyah: Purchase Tax. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.nbn.org.il/life-in-israel/finances/taxes/planning-your-aliyah-purchase-tax/ adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2020). Enhancing the Efficiency and Equity of the Tax System in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/ae2e0d53-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/ae2e0d53-en#section-d1e11275 adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2021). Reforming the Taxation of Housing in Israel, OECD Taxation Working Papers No. 53, 16/7/2021 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/israel/reforming-the-taxation-of-housing-in-israel-83fd48ad-en.htm adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2022). Revenue Statistics 2022 – Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-israel.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2024a). Revenue Statistics- OECD Countries: Comparative Tables. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=REV adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2024b). Global Revenue Statistics Database. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=RS_GBL adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024a). Israel Overview. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024b). Israel Corporate- Tax Administration. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/tax-administration adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024c). Israel Corporate- Tax Credits and Incentives. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/tax-credits-and-incentives adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024d). Israel Individual- Other Taxes. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/individual/other-taxes adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024e). Israel Corporate- Other Taxes. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/other-taxes adresinden alındı.
  • Shavit A., & Fartuk, O. (2020). Taxation of Real Estate Investment in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde http://publications.ruchelaw.com/news/2020-05/Guest-Israel.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Tax Foundation (2024). Taxes in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxfoundation.org/country/israel adresinden alındı.
  • The World Bank (2021). Gross Domestic Savings (% of GDP) - OECD members, World, Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDS.TOTL.ZS?end=2021&locations=OE-1W-IL&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2012 adresinden alındı.
  • Trading Economics (2024a). Israel Corporate Tax Rate. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://tradingeconomics.com/israel/corporate-tax-rate adresinden alındı.
  • Trading Economics (2024b). Israel Social Security Rate. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://tradingeconomics.com/israel/social-security-rate adresinden alındı.
  • UNDP. (2022). Human Development Insights. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks adresinden alındı.

İSRAİL VERGİ SİSTEMİ

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 12 - 25, 29.04.2024

Abstract

Toplumsal yaşamın örgütlü bir biçimi olan devletlerin temel görevi, toplumun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktır. Bunu sağlamak için de devletin gelirinin olması gerekir. Bu yüzden, devletler farklı finansman yollarını ararlar. Mali kaynaklar arasında en önemli olanı vergi gelirleri sayılabilir. Vergilendirme, sosyo-ekonomik açıdan önemli olduğundan ülkeler vergi sistemlerini tasarlarken vergilerin ekonomik etkisini ve vergi gelirlerini etkileyen durumları dikkate almaktadır. Bu bakımdan, hizmetlerin hem kaliteli hem de sorunsuz olarak yürüyebilmesi için vergi sisteminin iyi tasarlanması önemlidir. Vergi sistemleri ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermekte ve bu sistemler vergilerin gelir getirici özelliklerinden yola çıkarak geliştirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, ister gelişmiş isterse gelişme olan ülkeler olsun, dünyadaki vergi sistemlerinin incelemesi, devletlerin vergi toplama yeteneklerini geliştirebilmesine bu bakımdan yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İsrail vergi sisteminin genel özellikleri incelenerek literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, İsrail vergi sistemi; gelir üzerinden alınan vergiler, servet üzerinden alınan vergiler ve harcama üzerinden alınan vergiler olmak üzere üç başlıkta ele alınacaktır.

References

  • Aljezeera (2014). Ülke Profili: İsrail. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.aljazeera.com.tr/ulke-profili/ulke-profili-israil adresinden alındı.
  • Capitil (2024). Guide to the Arnona Tax in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://capitil.com/blog/arnona-tax-in-israel.html adresinden alındı.
  • Deloitte (2022). International Tax Israel Highlights 2022. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www2.deloitte.com/co ntent/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Tax/dttl-tax- israelhighlights-2022.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Easyship (2024). Duties & Taxes Calculator to Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.easyship.com/en-tr/duties-and-taxes-calculator/israel adresinden alındı.
  • Greenback (2024). Taxes in Israel: A Complete Guide for US Expats. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.greenbacktaxservices.com/country-guide/expat-taxes-for-israel/ adresinden alındı.
  • IMF (2024a). World Economic Outlook Database. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/select-subjects?c=436 adresinden alındı.
  • IMF (2024b). Real GDP Growth: Annual Percent Change. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/MEQ/NAQ/CAQ adresinden alındı.
  • ITA (2024). Tax Benefits Reference Manual for Parents with Young Children. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/tax-benefits-for-parents-with-small-children adresinden alındı.
  • Kaplan, A., & Eyal, L. (2012). The Israeli Tax Authority's Voluntary Disclosure Procedure, Trusts & Trustees, 18(2), 95-95.
  • Kızıloğlu, S. (2012). İsrail Devleti’nin Kuruluşuna Kadar Geçen Süreçte Yahudiler ve Siyonizm’in Gelişimi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 35-64.
  • Metzer, J. (2014). Some Perspectives on the Israeli Economy: Stocktaking and Looking Ahead, Israel Studies, 19(2), 133-161.
  • Mintz, M. & Portnov, B. A. (2023). Social and Environmental Factors Affecting The Amount of Property Taxes Collected By Local Authorities In Israel, Land Use Policy, 133, 1-19.
  • National Insurance (2024). Child Allowance Rates. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.btl.gov.il/English%20Homepage/Benefits/Children/Pages/Rates%20of%20child%20allowance.aspx adresinden alındı.
  • Nefesh B'Nefesh (2024a). Taxation in Israel – General Information. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.nbn.org.il/life-in-israel/finances/taxes/taxation-in-israel-general-information/ adresinden alındı.
  • Nefesh B'Nefesh (2024b). Planning Your Aliyah: Purchase Tax. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.nbn.org.il/life-in-israel/finances/taxes/planning-your-aliyah-purchase-tax/ adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2020). Enhancing the Efficiency and Equity of the Tax System in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/ae2e0d53-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/ae2e0d53-en#section-d1e11275 adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2021). Reforming the Taxation of Housing in Israel, OECD Taxation Working Papers No. 53, 16/7/2021 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/israel/reforming-the-taxation-of-housing-in-israel-83fd48ad-en.htm adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2022). Revenue Statistics 2022 – Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-israel.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2024a). Revenue Statistics- OECD Countries: Comparative Tables. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=REV adresinden alındı.
  • OECD (2024b). Global Revenue Statistics Database. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=RS_GBL adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024a). Israel Overview. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024b). Israel Corporate- Tax Administration. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/tax-administration adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024c). Israel Corporate- Tax Credits and Incentives. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/tax-credits-and-incentives adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024d). Israel Individual- Other Taxes. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/individual/other-taxes adresinden alındı.
  • PwC (2024e). Israel Corporate- Other Taxes. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/israel/corporate/other-taxes adresinden alındı.
  • Shavit A., & Fartuk, O. (2020). Taxation of Real Estate Investment in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde http://publications.ruchelaw.com/news/2020-05/Guest-Israel.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Tax Foundation (2024). Taxes in Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://taxfoundation.org/country/israel adresinden alındı.
  • The World Bank (2021). Gross Domestic Savings (% of GDP) - OECD members, World, Israel. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDS.TOTL.ZS?end=2021&locations=OE-1W-IL&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2012 adresinden alındı.
  • Trading Economics (2024a). Israel Corporate Tax Rate. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://tradingeconomics.com/israel/corporate-tax-rate adresinden alındı.
  • Trading Economics (2024b). Israel Social Security Rate. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://tradingeconomics.com/israel/social-security-rate adresinden alındı.
  • UNDP. (2022). Human Development Insights. 28/03/2024 tarihinde https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks adresinden alındı.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Economics - Taxation and Revenue, Tax Law
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Orhan Aksoy 0000-0002-6605-7988

Derya Yayman 0000-0002-7098-5277

Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date April 6, 2024
Acceptance Date April 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aksoy, O., & Yayman, D. (2024). İSRAİL VERGİ SİSTEMİ. Scientific Journal of Finance and Financial Law Studies, 4(1), 12-25.