Acil Servis Kalabalıklığının Nedenleri ve Çözüm Önerileri: Sağlık Personeli Perspektiflerinin Nitel Bir Çalışması

Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 5, 391 - 400, 19.02.2024

Ahmet Bütün

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.1324994

Abstract

Giriş: Acil servislerin aşırı kalabalıklığı küresel bir sorundur. Bu durum uzun bekleme süresi, hastaların ve sağlık personelinin memnuniyetinin azalması, acil bakıma en çok ihtiyaç duyan hastaların tedavisinin gecikmesi, sağlanan sağlık hizmetinin kalitesinin düşmesi ve sağlık bakım maliyetlerinin artması gibi birçok olumsuz sonuca yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastaların acil servisleri neden kullanmayı tercih ettiklerini, acil sağlık hizmetlerinin güncel sorunlarını belirlemek ve acil servislerin kalabalıklığını ve buna bağlı sorunları hafifletmek için acil servis sağlık personelinin bakış açılarından çözüm geliştirmektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada nitel desen kullanılmıştır. 20 Aralık 2021-18 Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında 22 acil servis sağlık personeli ile derinlemesine yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: 22 acil servis sağlık personeli ile mülakat yapıldı; 16'sı erkek, 6'sı kadındı. Acil servis sağlık personeli görüşmeleri, acil serviste en az 1 yıllık iş deneyimine sahip 14 acil servis hemşiresi, 6 acil servis doktoru ve 2 acil tıp uzmanı ile cinsiyetleri veya yaşları dikkate alınmadan gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizi sonucunda 5 ana tema belirlenmiştir: Yetersiz sağlık sistemi, hastayla ilgili sorunlar, acil servislerin avantajları, acil servislerin aşırı kalabalıklığının sonuçları ve acil servis kalabalıklığı için çözümler.
Sonuç: Sağlık sistemindeki çeşitli yetersizlikler, acil servislerin avantajlarının olması ve hastaların sağlık hizmetlerini kullanma konusundaki algıları acil servislerin hastalar tarafından kullanımını arttırmış ve bu durum acil servislerde kalabalıklaşmaya sebep olmuştur. Acil servislerin kalabalıklığını hafifletmek için etkili çözümlere ihtiyaç vardır. Acil olmayan acil servis ziyaretlerini azaltmaya yönelik önlemler yeterli değildir. Acil servislerdeki kalabalıklığı azaltmak için birçok faktörün göz önünde bulundurulması ve hepsinin birlikte uygulanması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

acil servisler, acil servis ziyaretleri, nedenler, sonuçlar, kalabalıklık, çözümler

Causes and Solutions for Emergency Department Crowding: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Staff Perspectives

Abstract

Introduction: Emergency Department (ED) crowding is a major problem globally. This situation leads to many negative consequences such as long waiting time, decreased satisfaction of patients and healthcare staff, delay in treatment of patients most in need of emergency care, decrease in the quality of healthcare provided and increase in healthcare costs. The aim of this study is to determine why patients prefer to use the ED, to identify the current problems of ED services and to develop solutions from the perspectives of ED healthcare staff in order to alleviate the ED crowding and related problems.
Methods: This study utilised a qualitative approach. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 ED healthcare staff between 20th December 2021 and 18th February 2022. Thematic analysis method was performed to analyse the data.
Results: Twenty-two ED healthcare staff were interviewed; 16 were male and 6 were female. ED healthcare staff interviews were conducted with 14 ED nurses, 6 ED doctors, and 2 ED consultants, who had at least 1-year of work experience in the ED, without any consideration of their gender or age. As a result of the data analysis, five main themes emerged: Insufficient healthcare system, patient-related problems, advantages of EDs, consequences of ED crowding, and solutions for ED crowding.
Conclusion: Insufficient healthcare system, advantages of ED, and patients’ perceptions about using healthcare services led patients to use ED and subsequently to the ED crowding. There is a need for effective solutions to alleviate ED crowding. The precautions to reduce non-urgent ED visits are not enough. Many factors need to be considered and all of them should be applied together accordingly.

Keywords

emergency departments, emergency department visits, causes, consequences, crowding, solutions

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