Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1246003

Abstract

Purpose: This article aims to understand diverse forms of direct sales practices of small-scale fishers in Istanbul, Turkey. The research focuses on small-scale fishing cooperatives in Istanbul and examines their livelihood strategies from the perspective of Community Supported Fisheries models.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We have used qualitative research methods and conducted 34 in-depth interviews with representatives from 19 small-scale fishing cooperatives in Istanbul as well as from NGOs, researchers and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
Findings: We found that small-scale fishers and their cooperatives are suffering from economic, ecological, and political pressure of industrial fisheries and industrialized food system, and they use diverse forms of livelihood strategies in order to confront these challenges. In Istanbul, we scrutinized these diverse models and examined their benefits, challenges, and limitations as well as discussed their links to different Community Supported Fisheries practices from around the world.
Originality/value: The study thus contributes to literatures on agricultural and fisheries economics, political economy, and small-scale fishing governance with a specific focus on community supported models used in agriculture and fisheries.

Supporting Institution

Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Project Number

17562

Thanks

This study has been supported by the Boğaziçi University Research Fund Grant Number 17562

References

  • Alkon, A. H. and Mares, T. M. (2012). Food Sovereignty in US Food Movements: Radical Visions and Neoliberal Constraints. Agriculture and Human Values, 29(3): 347-359.
  • Atasoy, Y. (2017). Commodification of Global Agrifood Systems and Agro-Ecology: Convergence, Divergence and Beyond in Turkey. Routledge, London and New York
  • Aydın, Z. (2010). Neoliberal Transformation of Turkish Agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(2): 149-87.
  • Aysu, A. (2014). “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Devlet ve Tarım: yıkılış-kuruluş- çözülüş”. İçinde: Köylülükten Sonra Tarım (Der: A. Aysu ve M.S. Kayaoğlu),. Epos, İstanbul , ss 535-609.
  • Barbesgaard, M. (2018). Blue growth: Savior or Ocean Grabbing?. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 45(1): 130-149.
  • Berkes, F. (1986). Local-level Management and the Commons Problem: A Comparative Study of Turkish Coastal Fisheries. Marine policy, 10(3): 215-229.
  • Bolton, A. E., Dubik, B. A., Stoll, J. S., and Basurto, X. (2016). Describing the Diversity of Community Supported Fishery Programs in North America. Marine Policy, 66: 21-29.
  • Brinson, A., Lee, M. Y., and Rountree, B. (2011). Direct Marketing Strategies: the Rise of Community Supported Fishery Programs. Marine Policy, 35(4): 542-548.
  • Campbell, L. M., Boucquey, N., Stoll, J., Coppola, H., and Smith, M. D. (2014). From Vegetable Box to Seafood Cooler: Applying the Community-supported Agriculture Model to Fisheries. Society & Natural Resources, 27(1): 88-106.
  • Campling, L. Havice, E. and McCall Howard, P. (2012). The Political Economy and Ecology of Capture Fisheries: Market Dynamics, Resource Access and Relations of Exploitation and Resistance. Journal of agrarian change, 12(2-3): 177-203.
  • Can, K. (2013). Balık Ağalara Takıldı. Ekin Yayın Grubu, İstanbul. Demirel, N. Akoglu, E. Ulman, A. Ertor-Akyazi, P. Gül, G. Bedikoğlu, D. Yıldız, T. and Yilmaz, I. N. (2022). Uncovering Ecological Regime Shifts in the Sea of Marmara and Reconsidering Management Strategies. Marine Environmental Research, 183: 105794.
  • Ertör-Akyazi, P. (2020). Contesting Growth in Marine Capture Fisheries: the Case of Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives in Istanbul. Sustainability Science, 15(1): 45- 62.
  • Ertör, I. (2020). Agroecology and Food Sovereignty: The role of small-scale fishing cooperatives in the Istanbul region. TNI (Transnational Institute), Amsterdam.
  • Ertör, I. (2021). ‘We are the Oceans, We are the People!’: Fisher People’s Struggles for Blue Justice. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-30.
  • Ertör, I., and Hadjimichael, M. (2020). Blue Degrowth and the Politics of the Sea: Rethinking the Blue Economy. Sustainability Science, 15(1): 1-10.
  • Ertör, I. and Ertör-Akyazı, P (2021). Be Resilient, not Vulnerable. SAMUDRA Report (May 2021), No:85. FAO (2015). Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. FAO, Rome.
  • FAO (2017). Improving Our Knowledge on Small-Scale Fisheries: Data Needs and Methodologies. FAO, Rome.
  • FAO (2022). International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. https://www.fao.org/artisanal-fisheries-aquaculture-2022 Accessed: January 2023
  • Godwin, S. C. Francis, F. Howard, B. E. Malpica-Cruz, L. and Witter, A. (2017). Towards the Economic Viability of Local Seafood Programs: Key Features for the Financial Performance of Community Supported Fisheries. Marine Policy, 81: 375–380.
  • Göncüoğlu, H. and Ünal, V. (2011). Fisherwomen in the Turkish Fishery, Southern Aegean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(4): 1013-1018.
  • Gutiérrez, N.L., Hilborn, R. and Defeo, O. (2011). Leadership, Social Capital and Incentives Promote Successful Fisheries. Nature, 470, 386-389.
  • Haller, T. and Merten, S. (2008). “We are Zambians—Don’t Tell Us How to Fish!” Institutional Change, Power Relations and Conflicts in the Kafue Flats F isheries in Zambia. Human Ecology, 36(5): 699-715.
  • Istanbul Planning Agency (2021). Istanbul Food Strategy Document. https://ipa.istanbul/istanbulgidastratejibelgesi/ Accessed: January 2023
  • Jentoft, S. and Eide, A. (2011). Poverty Mosaics: Realities and Prospects in Small- Scale Fisheries. Springer Publishing
  • Kadirbeyoğlu, Z. and Konya, N. (2017). Alternative Food Initiatives in Turkey. In: Neoliberal Turkey and Its Discontents, (Eds: F. Adaman, B. Akbulut, and M. Arsel), IB Taurus, London, pp 207-230.
  • Karakulak F. S. and Yıldız T. (2016). Small Scale Fishing Profile of Istanbul, Turkey. In: 11th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum. Bangkok, pp 3–7.
  • Kawarazuka, N. Locke, C. McDougall, C. Kantor, P. and Morgan, M. (2017). Bringing Analysis of Gender and Social–Ecological Resilience Together In Small- Scale Fisheries Research: Challenges And Opportunities. Ambio, 46(2): 201-213.
  • Kaygisiz, F. and Eken, M. (2018). A Research on Determination of Fish Marketing Margins in Istanbul Province of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(6): 801-807.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2010). Capital City Resurgent: İstanbul Since the 1980s. New Perspectives on Turkey, 43: 177-186
  • Keyder, Ç. and Yenal, Z. (2013). Bildiğimiz Tarımın Sonu: Küresel İktidar ve Köylülük. İletişim, İstanbul.
  • Knudsen, S. (2009). Fishers and Scientists in Modern Turkey: The Management of Natural Resources, Knowledge and Identity on the Eastern Black Sea Coast. Berghahn Books,Oxford.
  • Kurien, J. (1998). Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Globalisation (No. 289). Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918662.pdf
  • Levkoe, C. Z. Lowitt, K. and Nelson, C. (2017). “Fish as Food”: Exploring a Food Sovereignty Approach to Small-Scale Sisheries. Marine Policy, 85: 65-70.
  • Local Catch (2013). What is Community Supported Fisheries? https://web.archive.org/web/20130609065737/http://www.localcatch.org/csf.h tml. Accessed January 2023
  • Mansfield, B. (2004). Neoliberalism in the Oceans: “Rationalization,” Property Rights, and the Commons Question. Geoforum, 35(3): 313-326.
  • McClenachan, L. Neal, B. P. Al-Abdulrazzak, D. Witkin, T. Fisher, K. and Kittinger, J. N. (2014). Do Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs) Improve Sustainability? Fisheries Research, 157: 62–69.
  • McMichael, P. (2009). A Food Regime Genealogy, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1): 139-169.
  • Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance (2017). Fulton Street Community Supported Fisheries Letter - November 2017. Documents from Environmental Organizations. 241. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/maine_env_organizations/241. Accessed January 2023
  • Mills, E. N. (2022) The politics of transnational fishers’ movements. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-26.
  • Özsoy, E. Çağatay, M.N. Balkıs, N. Balkın N. and Öztürk, B. (2016). The Sea of Marmara: Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Istanbul
  • Pauly, D. (2006). Major Trends in Small-Scale Marine Fisheries, with Emphasis on Developing Countries, and Some Implications for the Social Sciences. Maritime Studies (MAST), 4(2): 7-22
  • Pauly, D. (2018). A Vision for Marine Fisheries in a Global Blue Economy. Marine Policy, 87:371–374.
  • Pinkerton, E. (2017). Hegemony and Resistance: Disturbing Patterns and Hopeful Signs in the Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Small-Scale Fisheries Around the World. Marine Policy, 80: 1-9.
  • Plahe, J. K. Hawkes, S. and Ponnamperuma, S. (2013). The Corporate Food Regime and Food Sovereignty in The Pacific Islands. The Contemporary Pacific, 309-338.
  • Sinha, S. (2012). Transnationality and the Indian Fishworkers; Movement, 1960s– 2000. Journal of Agrarian Change, 12(23): 364-389.
  • Smith, H. and Basurto, X. (2019). Defining Small-Scale Fisheries and Examining the Role of Science in Shaping Perceptions of Who And What Counts: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 236.
  • St. Martin, K. (2005). Mapping Economic Diversity in The First World: The Case of Fisheries. Environment and Planning A, 37(6): 959-979.
  • TNI (2020). Situating Small-Scale Fisheries in the Global Struggle for Agroecology and Food Sovereignty. Transnational Institute, Amsterdam.
  • TURKSTAT (2019). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. In: Turkish Stat. Inst. www.tuik.gov.tr Accessed November 2022
  • Ulman, A. Zengin, M. Demirel, N. and Pauly, D. (2020). The Lost Fish of Turkey: A Recent History of Disappeared Species and Commercial Fishery Extinctions for the Turkish Marmara and Black Seas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7:650.
  • Ünal, V. Güçlüsoy, H. and Franquesa, R. (2009). A Comparative Study of Success and Failure of Fishery Cooperatives in The Aegean, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(4): 394-400.
  • Ünal, V. and Ulman, A. (2020). The Current Status and Challenges Facing the Small- Scale Fisheries of Turkey. In Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance, 23, 83-103
  • Ünal, V. (2022). Value Chain Analysis of Small Scale Fisheries in Foça and Mordoğan - Draft Report
  • Ünal, V. Vurdem, D. Öztürk, S.E. and Tosunoğlu, Z. (2022). Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks For Small-Scale Fisheries in Türkiye. In: Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries. (Eds: V. Kerezi, J. Nakamura, M. El Halimi, R. Chuenpagdee) Global Illustration. TBTI Global Book Series
  • Ünal, V. Bilecenoglu, M. and Franquesa, R. (2009). A comparative Study of Success and Failure of Fishery Cooperatives in The Aegean, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(4): 394–400. 
  • Ünal, V. and Ulman, A. (2020). The Current Status and Challenges Facing the Small- Scale Fisheries of Turkey. In Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance, 23: 83-103
  • Ünal, V. (2022). Value Chain Analysis of Small Scale Fisheries in Foça and Mordoğan - Draft Report
  • Witter, A. and Stoll, J. (2017). Participation and Resistance: Alternative Seafood Marketing in a Neoliberal Era. Marine Policy, 80:130–140.
  • Wittman, H. (2011). Food Sovereignty: A New Rights Framework for Food and Nature?. Environment and Society, 2(1): 87-105

Topluluk Destekli Balıkçılık: İstanbul'daki Küçük Ölçekli Balıkçılık Kooperatiflerinde Doğrudan Satış Pratikleri

Year 2023, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1246003

Abstract

Amaç: Bu makale İstanbul’daki küçük ölçekli balıkçıların benimsedikleri çeşitli doğrudan satış pratiklerini ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma İstanbul’daki küçük ölçekli su ürünleri kooperatiflerine odaklanmakta ve onların geçim stratejilerini literatürde oldukça yeni bir alan olan Topluluk Destekli Balıkçılık modelleri perspektifinden incelemektedir.
Tasarım/metodoloji/yaklaşım: Araştırmada nitel yöntemler kullanılarak, İstanbul’daki 19 su ürünleri kooperatifinden temsilciler, sivil toplum örgütleri, araştırmacılar ve İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin tarım ve balıkçılık ile ilgili uzmanlarından oluşan 34 kişiyle yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma bulguları ile küçük ölçekli balıkçıların ve kooperatiflerinin, özellikle de endüstriyel balıkçılık ve endüstriyelleşmiş gıda sistemi karşısında maruz kaldıkları ekonomik, ekolojik ve politik güçlükler tartışılmış ve bunlar sebebiyle başvurdukları geçim stratejileri ve satış modelleri değerlendirilmiştir. İstanbul özelinde kullanılan farklı doğrudan satış modelleri ve pratikleri incelenerek, bunların balıkçılara yararları ve sınırları tartışılmış, bulgular küresel Topluluk Destekli Balıkçılık pratikleri literatürüne referansla incelenmiştir.
Özgünlük/değer: Bu makale tarım ve balıkçılık ekonomisi, politik ekonomi ve küçük ölçekli balıkçılık yönetişimi literatürlerine ve özellikle de tarım ve balıkçılıktaki topluluk destekli modeller perspektifine odaklanarak bu literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Project Number

17562

References

  • Alkon, A. H. and Mares, T. M. (2012). Food Sovereignty in US Food Movements: Radical Visions and Neoliberal Constraints. Agriculture and Human Values, 29(3): 347-359.
  • Atasoy, Y. (2017). Commodification of Global Agrifood Systems and Agro-Ecology: Convergence, Divergence and Beyond in Turkey. Routledge, London and New York
  • Aydın, Z. (2010). Neoliberal Transformation of Turkish Agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(2): 149-87.
  • Aysu, A. (2014). “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Devlet ve Tarım: yıkılış-kuruluş- çözülüş”. İçinde: Köylülükten Sonra Tarım (Der: A. Aysu ve M.S. Kayaoğlu),. Epos, İstanbul , ss 535-609.
  • Barbesgaard, M. (2018). Blue growth: Savior or Ocean Grabbing?. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 45(1): 130-149.
  • Berkes, F. (1986). Local-level Management and the Commons Problem: A Comparative Study of Turkish Coastal Fisheries. Marine policy, 10(3): 215-229.
  • Bolton, A. E., Dubik, B. A., Stoll, J. S., and Basurto, X. (2016). Describing the Diversity of Community Supported Fishery Programs in North America. Marine Policy, 66: 21-29.
  • Brinson, A., Lee, M. Y., and Rountree, B. (2011). Direct Marketing Strategies: the Rise of Community Supported Fishery Programs. Marine Policy, 35(4): 542-548.
  • Campbell, L. M., Boucquey, N., Stoll, J., Coppola, H., and Smith, M. D. (2014). From Vegetable Box to Seafood Cooler: Applying the Community-supported Agriculture Model to Fisheries. Society & Natural Resources, 27(1): 88-106.
  • Campling, L. Havice, E. and McCall Howard, P. (2012). The Political Economy and Ecology of Capture Fisheries: Market Dynamics, Resource Access and Relations of Exploitation and Resistance. Journal of agrarian change, 12(2-3): 177-203.
  • Can, K. (2013). Balık Ağalara Takıldı. Ekin Yayın Grubu, İstanbul. Demirel, N. Akoglu, E. Ulman, A. Ertor-Akyazi, P. Gül, G. Bedikoğlu, D. Yıldız, T. and Yilmaz, I. N. (2022). Uncovering Ecological Regime Shifts in the Sea of Marmara and Reconsidering Management Strategies. Marine Environmental Research, 183: 105794.
  • Ertör-Akyazi, P. (2020). Contesting Growth in Marine Capture Fisheries: the Case of Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives in Istanbul. Sustainability Science, 15(1): 45- 62.
  • Ertör, I. (2020). Agroecology and Food Sovereignty: The role of small-scale fishing cooperatives in the Istanbul region. TNI (Transnational Institute), Amsterdam.
  • Ertör, I. (2021). ‘We are the Oceans, We are the People!’: Fisher People’s Struggles for Blue Justice. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-30.
  • Ertör, I., and Hadjimichael, M. (2020). Blue Degrowth and the Politics of the Sea: Rethinking the Blue Economy. Sustainability Science, 15(1): 1-10.
  • Ertör, I. and Ertör-Akyazı, P (2021). Be Resilient, not Vulnerable. SAMUDRA Report (May 2021), No:85. FAO (2015). Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. FAO, Rome.
  • FAO (2017). Improving Our Knowledge on Small-Scale Fisheries: Data Needs and Methodologies. FAO, Rome.
  • FAO (2022). International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. https://www.fao.org/artisanal-fisheries-aquaculture-2022 Accessed: January 2023
  • Godwin, S. C. Francis, F. Howard, B. E. Malpica-Cruz, L. and Witter, A. (2017). Towards the Economic Viability of Local Seafood Programs: Key Features for the Financial Performance of Community Supported Fisheries. Marine Policy, 81: 375–380.
  • Göncüoğlu, H. and Ünal, V. (2011). Fisherwomen in the Turkish Fishery, Southern Aegean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(4): 1013-1018.
  • Gutiérrez, N.L., Hilborn, R. and Defeo, O. (2011). Leadership, Social Capital and Incentives Promote Successful Fisheries. Nature, 470, 386-389.
  • Haller, T. and Merten, S. (2008). “We are Zambians—Don’t Tell Us How to Fish!” Institutional Change, Power Relations and Conflicts in the Kafue Flats F isheries in Zambia. Human Ecology, 36(5): 699-715.
  • Istanbul Planning Agency (2021). Istanbul Food Strategy Document. https://ipa.istanbul/istanbulgidastratejibelgesi/ Accessed: January 2023
  • Jentoft, S. and Eide, A. (2011). Poverty Mosaics: Realities and Prospects in Small- Scale Fisheries. Springer Publishing
  • Kadirbeyoğlu, Z. and Konya, N. (2017). Alternative Food Initiatives in Turkey. In: Neoliberal Turkey and Its Discontents, (Eds: F. Adaman, B. Akbulut, and M. Arsel), IB Taurus, London, pp 207-230.
  • Karakulak F. S. and Yıldız T. (2016). Small Scale Fishing Profile of Istanbul, Turkey. In: 11th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum. Bangkok, pp 3–7.
  • Kawarazuka, N. Locke, C. McDougall, C. Kantor, P. and Morgan, M. (2017). Bringing Analysis of Gender and Social–Ecological Resilience Together In Small- Scale Fisheries Research: Challenges And Opportunities. Ambio, 46(2): 201-213.
  • Kaygisiz, F. and Eken, M. (2018). A Research on Determination of Fish Marketing Margins in Istanbul Province of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(6): 801-807.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2010). Capital City Resurgent: İstanbul Since the 1980s. New Perspectives on Turkey, 43: 177-186
  • Keyder, Ç. and Yenal, Z. (2013). Bildiğimiz Tarımın Sonu: Küresel İktidar ve Köylülük. İletişim, İstanbul.
  • Knudsen, S. (2009). Fishers and Scientists in Modern Turkey: The Management of Natural Resources, Knowledge and Identity on the Eastern Black Sea Coast. Berghahn Books,Oxford.
  • Kurien, J. (1998). Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Globalisation (No. 289). Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19918662.pdf
  • Levkoe, C. Z. Lowitt, K. and Nelson, C. (2017). “Fish as Food”: Exploring a Food Sovereignty Approach to Small-Scale Sisheries. Marine Policy, 85: 65-70.
  • Local Catch (2013). What is Community Supported Fisheries? https://web.archive.org/web/20130609065737/http://www.localcatch.org/csf.h tml. Accessed January 2023
  • Mansfield, B. (2004). Neoliberalism in the Oceans: “Rationalization,” Property Rights, and the Commons Question. Geoforum, 35(3): 313-326.
  • McClenachan, L. Neal, B. P. Al-Abdulrazzak, D. Witkin, T. Fisher, K. and Kittinger, J. N. (2014). Do Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs) Improve Sustainability? Fisheries Research, 157: 62–69.
  • McMichael, P. (2009). A Food Regime Genealogy, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1): 139-169.
  • Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance (2017). Fulton Street Community Supported Fisheries Letter - November 2017. Documents from Environmental Organizations. 241. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/maine_env_organizations/241. Accessed January 2023
  • Mills, E. N. (2022) The politics of transnational fishers’ movements. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-26.
  • Özsoy, E. Çağatay, M.N. Balkıs, N. Balkın N. and Öztürk, B. (2016). The Sea of Marmara: Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Istanbul
  • Pauly, D. (2006). Major Trends in Small-Scale Marine Fisheries, with Emphasis on Developing Countries, and Some Implications for the Social Sciences. Maritime Studies (MAST), 4(2): 7-22
  • Pauly, D. (2018). A Vision for Marine Fisheries in a Global Blue Economy. Marine Policy, 87:371–374.
  • Pinkerton, E. (2017). Hegemony and Resistance: Disturbing Patterns and Hopeful Signs in the Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Small-Scale Fisheries Around the World. Marine Policy, 80: 1-9.
  • Plahe, J. K. Hawkes, S. and Ponnamperuma, S. (2013). The Corporate Food Regime and Food Sovereignty in The Pacific Islands. The Contemporary Pacific, 309-338.
  • Sinha, S. (2012). Transnationality and the Indian Fishworkers; Movement, 1960s– 2000. Journal of Agrarian Change, 12(23): 364-389.
  • Smith, H. and Basurto, X. (2019). Defining Small-Scale Fisheries and Examining the Role of Science in Shaping Perceptions of Who And What Counts: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 236.
  • St. Martin, K. (2005). Mapping Economic Diversity in The First World: The Case of Fisheries. Environment and Planning A, 37(6): 959-979.
  • TNI (2020). Situating Small-Scale Fisheries in the Global Struggle for Agroecology and Food Sovereignty. Transnational Institute, Amsterdam.
  • TURKSTAT (2019). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. In: Turkish Stat. Inst. www.tuik.gov.tr Accessed November 2022
  • Ulman, A. Zengin, M. Demirel, N. and Pauly, D. (2020). The Lost Fish of Turkey: A Recent History of Disappeared Species and Commercial Fishery Extinctions for the Turkish Marmara and Black Seas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7:650.
  • Ünal, V. Güçlüsoy, H. and Franquesa, R. (2009). A Comparative Study of Success and Failure of Fishery Cooperatives in The Aegean, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(4): 394-400.
  • Ünal, V. and Ulman, A. (2020). The Current Status and Challenges Facing the Small- Scale Fisheries of Turkey. In Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance, 23, 83-103
  • Ünal, V. (2022). Value Chain Analysis of Small Scale Fisheries in Foça and Mordoğan - Draft Report
  • Ünal, V. Vurdem, D. Öztürk, S.E. and Tosunoğlu, Z. (2022). Unlocking Legal and Policy Frameworks For Small-Scale Fisheries in Türkiye. In: Unlocking legal and policy frameworks for Small-Scale Fisheries. (Eds: V. Kerezi, J. Nakamura, M. El Halimi, R. Chuenpagdee) Global Illustration. TBTI Global Book Series
  • Ünal, V. Bilecenoglu, M. and Franquesa, R. (2009). A comparative Study of Success and Failure of Fishery Cooperatives in The Aegean, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(4): 394–400. 
  • Ünal, V. and Ulman, A. (2020). The Current Status and Challenges Facing the Small- Scale Fisheries of Turkey. In Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance, 23: 83-103
  • Ünal, V. (2022). Value Chain Analysis of Small Scale Fisheries in Foça and Mordoğan - Draft Report
  • Witter, A. and Stoll, J. (2017). Participation and Resistance: Alternative Seafood Marketing in a Neoliberal Era. Marine Policy, 80:130–140.
  • Wittman, H. (2011). Food Sovereignty: A New Rights Framework for Food and Nature?. Environment and Society, 2(1): 87-105
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration, Farm Enterprises
Journal Section Research
Authors

Irmak Ertör 0000-0002-2868-8359

Pınar Ertör Akyazı 0000-0003-1530-910X

Gökçe Yeniev 0000-0003-4422-7218

Project Number 17562
Early Pub Date June 30, 2023
Publication Date June 29, 2023
Submission Date February 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ertör, I., Ertör Akyazı, P., & Yeniev, G. (2023). Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 29(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1246003
AMA Ertör I, Ertör Akyazı P, Yeniev G. Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives. TJAE. June 2023;29(1):1-14. doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1246003
Chicago Ertör, Irmak, Pınar Ertör Akyazı, and Gökçe Yeniev. “Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 29, no. 1 (June 2023): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1246003.
EndNote Ertör I, Ertör Akyazı P, Yeniev G (June 1, 2023) Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 29 1 1–14.
IEEE I. Ertör, P. Ertör Akyazı, and G. Yeniev, “Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives”, TJAE, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.24181/tarekoder.1246003.
ISNAD Ertör, Irmak et al. “Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 29/1 (June 2023), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1246003.
JAMA Ertör I, Ertör Akyazı P, Yeniev G. Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives. TJAE. 2023;29:1–14.
MLA Ertör, Irmak et al. “Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-14, doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1246003.
Vancouver Ertör I, Ertör Akyazı P, Yeniev G. Community Supported Fisheries: Diverse Strategies of Direct Sales Practices in Istanbul’s Small-Scale Fishing Cooperatives. TJAE. 2023;29(1):1-14.