Elektrikli Araçlar İçin Şarj Teknolojilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 97 - 106, 28.03.2024

Muhammed Sefa Çetin Muhsin Tunay Gençoğlu Arkadiusz Dobrzycki

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1399120

Abstract

Günümüzde, içten yanmalı motorlu araçlar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu araçlar, motor tahriki ve araç hareketi için fosil yakıt kullandıkları için zararlı emisyonlara sebep olurlar. Elektrikli araçlar bu soruna bir çözüm olarak düşünülmüştür. Elektrikli araçlarda, geleneksel içten yanmalı motorlar yerine elektrikli motorlar kullanılır. Elektrikli motorların çalışması için gerekli olan enerji ise batarya paketlerinden sağlanmaktadır. Bu sayede, elektrikli araçlar zararlı emisyonlara sebep olmazlar. Elektrikli araç şarj istasyonları için gerekli enerji yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinden sağlanırsa, elektrikli araçlar sıfır emisyona sahip araçlar olacaktır. Elektrikli araçlara enerji sağlayan batarya paketleri, yenilenebilir Lithium-ion batarya gruplarından oluşmaktadır. Bu bataryalar hızlı şarj teknolojisi kullanılarak şarj edilebilirler. Bu çalışmada; geleceğin ulaşım tercihi olan elektrikli araçlar, şarj istasyonlarında kullanılan standartlar ve teknolojiler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, MATLAB/Simscape yardımıyla bir elektrikli araç sistemi tasarlanmıştır.

Keywords

Elektrikli araçlar, şarj istasyonları, şarj teknolojileri

Investigation of Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

In today's world, internal combustion engine vehicles are widely used. These vehicles cause harmful emissions as they use fossil fuels for engine propulsion and vehicle movement. To address this issue, electric vehicles have been considered as a solution. In electric vehicles, electric motors are used instead of traditional internal combustion engines and the necessary electrical energy is supplied from battery packs. In this way, electric vehicles do not cause harmful emissions to the environment. If the energy required for electric vehicle charging stations is obtained from renewable energy systems, electric vehicles will be zero-emission vehicles. Battery packs, that provide energy for electric vehicles, typically consist of rechargeable Lithium-ion battery groups and they can be charged using fast charging technology. In this study, the future of transportation, electric vehicles and the standards and technologies used in electric vehicle charging stations have been examined. Additionally, an electric vehicle system has been designed using MATLAB/Simscape.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Charging Stations, Charging Technologies

References

• Bora Y. A review of electric vehicles. MSc, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2017.
• Çetin MS, & Gençoğlu MT. Electric vehicles and charging technologies. Power Systems National Congress (ETUK); 01-02 November 2023; İzmir, Türkiye. (pp. 1-12).
• Mohammed SAQ, Jung JW. (2021). A Comprehensive State-Of-The-Art Review Of Wired/Wireless Charging Technologies For Battery Electric Vehicles: Classification/Common Topologies/Future Research Issues. IEEE Access 2021; 9, 19572-19585.
• Dost PKH, Spichartz P, Sourkounis C. Charging Behavior Of Users Utilizing Battery Electric Vehicles And Extended Range Electric Vehicles Within The Scope Of A Field Test. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2018; 54(1): 580-590.
• Acharige SS, Haque ME, Arif, MT, Hosseinzadeh N, Hasan KN, Oo AMT. Review Of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies, Standards, Architectures, And Converter Configurations. IEEE Access 2023.
• Turğut M. Design and implementation of battery management system for electric vehicles. MSc, Karabük University, Karabük, Türkiye, 2018.
• Çetin MS, Karakaya B, Gençoğlu MT. Modelling of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles. Fırat University Journal of Engineering Science 2021; 33(2): 755-763. doi: 10.35234/fumbd.953296.
• Çetin MS, Güler, H, Gençoğlu MT. Fuzzy logic based battery control system design for electric vehicles. Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference (ASYU); 06-08 October 2021; Elâzığ, Türkiye. (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• Dobrzycki A, Çetin MS, Gençoğlu MT. Harmonics generated during the electric vehicle charging process. 2. International Conference on Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICAIE); Elâzığ, Türkiye. (pp. 173-178).
• Rigan M. Battery management system design of electric vehicles. MSc, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, 2020.
• Şengör İ. Optimum operation of electric vehicle parking lots considering demand side flexibility in electric distribution system. PhD, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2019.
• Ahmad F, Iqbal A, Ashraf I, Marzband M, Khan I. Placement of electric vehicle fast charging stations using Grey Wolf Optimization in electrical distribution network. IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE); 02-05 January 2022; Trivandrum, India. (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• Das HS, Rahman MM, Li S, Tan CW. (2020). Electric Vehicles Standards, Charging Infrastructure, and Impact on Grid Integration: A Technological Review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020; 120, 109618.
• Liu Y, Li X, Liang Y, Zeng S, Li M. Assessment of impacts on integration of disorderly EV charging load to flexible distribution network. 11th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE); 26-28 February 2021; Kyoto, Japan. (pp. 139-142). IEEE.
• Araújo AV, Araujo DN, Vasconcelos AS, Júnior WDAS, Rosas PAC, de Medeiros LH, Ji T. A proposal for technical and economic sizing of energy storage system and PV for EV charger stations with reduced impacts on the distribution network. The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED); 20-23 September 2021. doi:10.1049/icp.2021.1832.
• Polat Ö. Stochastic modelling of electric vehicle charging load and its impacts on low voltage distribution networks. PhD, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2015.
• Özcan M.E. Distribution integration of electric vehicles. PhD, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2019.
• Zoroğlu B, Yapıcı AT, Kurt ÜG. Electric vehicle status of standards and electric vehicle charging stations in Turkey. International Marmara Sciences Congress (IMASCON); 04-05 December 2020; Kocaeli, Türkiye. (pp. 299-308).
• Durmuş FS, Kaymaz H. Electric Vehicle Charging Methods. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems and Applications (JITSA) 2020; 3(2): 123-139.
• https://zes.net/SA
• Dericioglu C, Yirik E, Unal E, Cuma MU, Onur B, Tumay M. A Review of Charging Technologies for Commercial Electric Vehicles. International Journal of Advances on Automotive and Technology 2018; 2(1): 61-70.
• https://bestchargers.eu/blog/different-types-of-ev-charging-connectors/
• https://www.mobilityhouse.com/int_en/knowledge-center/charging-cable-and-plug-types
• İpek B. Electric vehicles, electric charging stations and electric vehicle quantity future forecast for Turkey. MSc, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2022.
• Mohamed AA, Shaier AA, Metwally H, Selem SI. Wireless Charging Technologies For Electric Vehicles: Inductive, Capacitive, And Magnetic Gear. IET Power Electronics 2023; 1-27. doi: 10.1049/pel2.12624
• Regensburger B, Sinha S, Kumar A, Maji S, Afridi KK. High-Performance Multi-MHz Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System For EV Charging Utilizing Interleaved-Foil Coupled Inductors. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2020; 10(1): 35-51.
• Amjad M, Farooq-i-Azam M, Ni Q, Dong M, Ansari EA. Wireless Charging Systems For Electric Vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022; 167: 112730.
• Bai HK, Costinett D, Tolbert LM, Qin R, Zhu L, Liang Z, Huang Y. Charging Electric Vehicle Batteries: Wired And Wireless Power Transfer: Exploring EV Charging Technologies. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 2022; 9(2): 14-29.
• https://ch.mathworks.com/help/autoblks/ug/electric-vehicle-reference-application.html?s_tid=srchtitle_Reference%20Application_4
• Ehsani M, Gao Y, Longo S, & Ebrahimi K. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, And Fuel Cell Vehicles. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC press, 2018.
• Şahin H. Development of an electric vehicle powered by a fuel cell-battery hybrid power source. PhD, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye, 2022.
• https://ev-database.org/