Research Article
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From Farm to Table: Analysis of Agricultural Product Price Variations with Graph Theory

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 119 - 143, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.59281/turkiz.1656844

Abstract

Prices of agricultural products vary under the influence of many factors from the field to the table. Production costs, logistics processes, market dynamics and external economic factors are among the main elements that shape these variations. This study aims to model and analyze price changes throughout the supply chain of agricultural products using graph theory. While graph theory considers different actors such as producers, intermediaries, wholesalers, retailers and consumers as nodes, it examines price transitions and interactions between these actors through edges. In the study, the most critical connection points, causes of price fluctuations and their effects on the market are analyzed by creating a price transition network. In this way, it is aimed to minimize price fluctuations by developing suggestions to increase market transparency. The methodology of the study was carried out in the form of evaluating the design made on a sample product using the Dijkstra algorithm in graph theory. The study is also supported by a bibliyometric analysis on the use of graph theory in the analysis of prices of agricultural products. This study will provide strategic recommendations to decision makers by providing important outputs in terms of food inflation, agricultural policies and supply chain management. This graph theory-based approach provides a powerful analytical framework for understanding price dynamics in agricultural supply chains.

References

  • Ahuja, R. K., Magnanti, T. L., & Orlin, J. B. (1993). Network flows: Theory, algorithms, and applications. Prentice Hall.
  • Akakçe, E. R. W. S. (2025). Akakçe, Ekonomik Analizler Raporu.
  • Akman, K. (2021). Kitap İncelemesi Hukuk Devletinin Sonu Olağanüstü Halden Diktatörlüğe Terörle Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 1553-1557. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.871113
  • Alvarez, R., & Fuentes, J. R. (2020). The impact of supply chain disruptions on food prices: An empirical study. Journal of Economic Policy, 35(2): 120-138.
  • Bardi, M., & Lopez, J. P. M. (2016). A Dijkstra-Type Algorithm for Dynamic Games. Dynamıc Games And Applıcatıons, 6(3): 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-015-0156-0
  • Bayram, S., Öz, S., & Ekmekci, İ. (2022). A Revıew On Advanced Industrıalızatıon And Cyber Securıty Concepts.
  • Bogdan, P. (2015). Dijkstra Algorithm in Parallel- Case Study. Içinde I. Petras, I. Podlubny, J. Kacur, & J. Vasarhelyi (Ed.), 2015 16th Internatıonal Carpathıan Control Conference (ICCC) (ss. 50-53). IEEE. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Bollobás, B. (2013). Modern graph theory. Springer Science & Business Media. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Eştürk, Ö., & Albayrak, N. (2018). Tarım Ürünleri-Gıda Fiyat Artışları Ve Enflasyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.353991
  • FAO. (2021). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/publications
  • Gemini. (2025). [Software]. https://gemini.google.com/app?hl=tr
  • Gouel, C. (2016). Agricultural price instability: A survey of competing explanations and remedies. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(1): 142-164.
  • Hermandez, M. A., Rashid, S., & Lemma, S. (2020). Price transmission in agricultural supply chains: A review of evidence. Agricultural Economics, 51(4): 523-538.
  • ILO. (2022). Supply chain disruptions and food inflation: A global perspective. International Labour Organization Reports. https://www.ilo.org/publications
  • Kim, K. (1981). Graph-Theory and Its Applications to Problems of Society—Roberts,fs. Mathematıcal Socıal Scıences, 1(2): 219-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(81)90012-3
  • Kutnar, K., & Marusic, D. (2009). On Certain Graph Theory Applications. Içinde A. K. Naimzada, S. Stefani, & A. Torriero (Ed.), Networks, Topology And Dynamıcs:Theory And Applıcatıons To Economıcs And Socıal Systems (C. 613, ss. 283-291). NET Conference 2007, Berlin. Springer-Verlag Berlin. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/37116cab-03aa-4be7-8169-a463fe74489a-014a1dd0a9/date-descending/1
  • Lavanya, K., Sravanti, K. S., & Vijayasekhar, J. (2024). Facilitating Easy Navigation within a College Campus using Dijkstra’s Algorithm: An Application of Graph Theory. Içinde M. Varkolu, M. P. Mallesh, & K. P. Oruganti (Ed.), Impendıng Inquısıtıons In Humanıtıes And Scıences, ICIIHS-2022 (ss. 235-241). CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003489436-38
  • Li, D., & Niu, K. (2014). Dijkstra’s algorithm in AGV. Proceedıngs Of The 2014 9th Ieee Conference On Industrıal Electronıcs And Applıcatıons (ICIEA): 1867-1871. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Nagurney, A. (2006). Supply chain network economics: Dynamics of prices, flows, and profits. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  • Öz, S., & Kalkan, M. (2023). GIG Ekonomisi ve Emek Piyasaları Bibliyometrik Analizi (GIG Economy and Labour Markets: A Bibliyometric Analysis). Içinde Türk Emek Piyasasında Güncel Tartışmalar (Murat Kalkan) (s. 343).
  • Reardon, T., Barrett, C. B., Berdegué, J. A., & Swinnen, J. F. M. (2009). Agrifood industry transformation and small farmers in developing countries. World Development, 37(11): 1717-1727.
  • Sapienza, A. M. (2004). Managing Scientists: Leadership strategies in scientific research (2. bs). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Spyropoulos, T. S., Andras, C., & Dimkou, A. (2021). Application of Graph Theory to Entrepreneurship Research: New Findings and a New Methodology Framework. Içinde P. Polychronidou, A. Karasavvoglou, & P. Sklias (Ed.), Economıes Of The Balkan And Eastern European Countrıes-Volume 2021, EBEEC (ss. 139-156). Knowledge E. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i9.9891
  • Sun, X.-C., Liu, Y., Yang, B., & Zhang, J. (2017). Application Teaching Case of Dijkstra Algorithm. 3rd Annual Internatıonal Conference On Modern Educatıon And Socıal Scıence (MESS 2017), 135: 343-345. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Thornhill, I., Batty, L., Hewitt, M., Friberg, N. R., & Ledger, M. E. (2018). The application of graph theory and percolation analysis for assessing change in the spatial configuration of pond networks. Urban Ecosystems, 21(2): 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0724-8 TÜİK, T. İ. K. (2025). TÜİK, TÜFE Değişim Oranları.
  • TÜİK Meta Veri, T. İ. K. M. V. (2024). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Meta Veri.
  • Ulusoy, A., & Şahingöz, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Gıda Ürünleri Fiyatlarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2).
  • Vosviewer. (2025). Vosviewer [Software]. Wang, H., & Xu, M. (2019). Application of graph theory in logistics and supply chain management: A systematic review. Journal of Logistics Research, 8(1): 45-67.
  • WoS. (2025). Web of Science [Software]. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/analyze-results/501e4081-3118-44b9-a4f6-124052ed4a19-014a125b4a
  • Yuan, X. M., Zhao, W. Y., Lu, X. S., & Yuan, C. W. (2015). Forecasting Stock Index Volatility with GARCH: Case of Chinese Aerospace and Defence Industry. Internatıonal Conference On Advances In Management Engıneerıng And Informatıon Technology (AMEIT 2015), 35-41. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/4990e4d3-4116-44ea-ab1d-dde9a64c7a8c-ab17bb94/relevance/1
  • Zhang, X., & Huang, J. (2022). Analyzing price volatility in perishable food supply chains. Food Policy, 108, 102257.

Tarladan Sofraya: “Graf Teorisi” ile Tarım Ürünleri Fiyat Değişkenliklerinin Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 119 - 143, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.59281/turkiz.1656844

Abstract

Tarım ürünlerinin fiyatları, tarladan sofraya ulaşana kadar birçok faktörün etkisiyle değişkenlik göstermektedir. Üretim maliyetleri, lojistik süreçler, piyasa dinamikleri ve dışsal ekonomik faktörler, bu değişkenlikleri şekillendiren temel unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, graf teorisini kullanarak tarım ürünlerinin tedarik zinciri boyunca fiyat değişimlerini modellemeyi ve analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Graf teorisi, üretici, aracı, toptancı, perakendeci ve tüketici gibi farklı aktörleri düğümler (nodes) olarak ele alırken, bu aktörler arasındaki fiyat geçişlerini ve etkileşimleri bağlantılar (edges) aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Çalışmada, fiyat geçiş ağı oluşturularak, en kritik bağlantı noktaları, fiyat dalgalanmalarının nedenleri ve piyasa üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmektedir. Bu sayede, piyasa şeffaflığını artırmaya yönelik öneriler geliştirilerek fiyat dalgalanmalarının minimize edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın metodolojisi graf teorisinde dijkstra algoritması kullanılarak bir örnek ürün üzerinden yapılan tasarımın değerlendirilmesi şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma tarım ürünlerine dair fiyatların analizinde graf teorisi kullanımına dair bibliyometrik analiz ile de desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışma, gıda enflasyonu, tarım politikaları ve tedarik zinciri yönetimi açısından önemli çıktılar sunarak, karar vericilere stratejik önerilerde bulunacaktır. Graph teorisi tabanlı bu yaklaşım, tarımsal tedarik zincirlerinde fiyat dinamiklerinin anlaşılması için güçlü bir analitik çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Thanks

Akademik anlamda yönlendirmelerde bulunan kıymetli dostum, kardeşim Doç. Dr. Gencay Karakaya'ya teşekkürler.

References

  • Ahuja, R. K., Magnanti, T. L., & Orlin, J. B. (1993). Network flows: Theory, algorithms, and applications. Prentice Hall.
  • Akakçe, E. R. W. S. (2025). Akakçe, Ekonomik Analizler Raporu.
  • Akman, K. (2021). Kitap İncelemesi Hukuk Devletinin Sonu Olağanüstü Halden Diktatörlüğe Terörle Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 1553-1557. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.871113
  • Alvarez, R., & Fuentes, J. R. (2020). The impact of supply chain disruptions on food prices: An empirical study. Journal of Economic Policy, 35(2): 120-138.
  • Bardi, M., & Lopez, J. P. M. (2016). A Dijkstra-Type Algorithm for Dynamic Games. Dynamıc Games And Applıcatıons, 6(3): 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-015-0156-0
  • Bayram, S., Öz, S., & Ekmekci, İ. (2022). A Revıew On Advanced Industrıalızatıon And Cyber Securıty Concepts.
  • Bogdan, P. (2015). Dijkstra Algorithm in Parallel- Case Study. Içinde I. Petras, I. Podlubny, J. Kacur, & J. Vasarhelyi (Ed.), 2015 16th Internatıonal Carpathıan Control Conference (ICCC) (ss. 50-53). IEEE. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Bollobás, B. (2013). Modern graph theory. Springer Science & Business Media. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Eştürk, Ö., & Albayrak, N. (2018). Tarım Ürünleri-Gıda Fiyat Artışları Ve Enflasyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.353991
  • FAO. (2021). The state of food security and nutrition in the world. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/publications
  • Gemini. (2025). [Software]. https://gemini.google.com/app?hl=tr
  • Gouel, C. (2016). Agricultural price instability: A survey of competing explanations and remedies. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(1): 142-164.
  • Hermandez, M. A., Rashid, S., & Lemma, S. (2020). Price transmission in agricultural supply chains: A review of evidence. Agricultural Economics, 51(4): 523-538.
  • ILO. (2022). Supply chain disruptions and food inflation: A global perspective. International Labour Organization Reports. https://www.ilo.org/publications
  • Kim, K. (1981). Graph-Theory and Its Applications to Problems of Society—Roberts,fs. Mathematıcal Socıal Scıences, 1(2): 219-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(81)90012-3
  • Kutnar, K., & Marusic, D. (2009). On Certain Graph Theory Applications. Içinde A. K. Naimzada, S. Stefani, & A. Torriero (Ed.), Networks, Topology And Dynamıcs:Theory And Applıcatıons To Economıcs And Socıal Systems (C. 613, ss. 283-291). NET Conference 2007, Berlin. Springer-Verlag Berlin. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/37116cab-03aa-4be7-8169-a463fe74489a-014a1dd0a9/date-descending/1
  • Lavanya, K., Sravanti, K. S., & Vijayasekhar, J. (2024). Facilitating Easy Navigation within a College Campus using Dijkstra’s Algorithm: An Application of Graph Theory. Içinde M. Varkolu, M. P. Mallesh, & K. P. Oruganti (Ed.), Impendıng Inquısıtıons In Humanıtıes And Scıences, ICIIHS-2022 (ss. 235-241). CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003489436-38
  • Li, D., & Niu, K. (2014). Dijkstra’s algorithm in AGV. Proceedıngs Of The 2014 9th Ieee Conference On Industrıal Electronıcs And Applıcatıons (ICIEA): 1867-1871. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Nagurney, A. (2006). Supply chain network economics: Dynamics of prices, flows, and profits. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  • Öz, S., & Kalkan, M. (2023). GIG Ekonomisi ve Emek Piyasaları Bibliyometrik Analizi (GIG Economy and Labour Markets: A Bibliyometric Analysis). Içinde Türk Emek Piyasasında Güncel Tartışmalar (Murat Kalkan) (s. 343).
  • Reardon, T., Barrett, C. B., Berdegué, J. A., & Swinnen, J. F. M. (2009). Agrifood industry transformation and small farmers in developing countries. World Development, 37(11): 1717-1727.
  • Sapienza, A. M. (2004). Managing Scientists: Leadership strategies in scientific research (2. bs). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Spyropoulos, T. S., Andras, C., & Dimkou, A. (2021). Application of Graph Theory to Entrepreneurship Research: New Findings and a New Methodology Framework. Içinde P. Polychronidou, A. Karasavvoglou, & P. Sklias (Ed.), Economıes Of The Balkan And Eastern European Countrıes-Volume 2021, EBEEC (ss. 139-156). Knowledge E. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i9.9891
  • Sun, X.-C., Liu, Y., Yang, B., & Zhang, J. (2017). Application Teaching Case of Dijkstra Algorithm. 3rd Annual Internatıonal Conference On Modern Educatıon And Socıal Scıence (MESS 2017), 135: 343-345. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/f9b7cbbe-d5ee-4189-ae0f-7c494246aeda-014f505211/relevance/1
  • Thornhill, I., Batty, L., Hewitt, M., Friberg, N. R., & Ledger, M. E. (2018). The application of graph theory and percolation analysis for assessing change in the spatial configuration of pond networks. Urban Ecosystems, 21(2): 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0724-8 TÜİK, T. İ. K. (2025). TÜİK, TÜFE Değişim Oranları.
  • TÜİK Meta Veri, T. İ. K. M. V. (2024). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Meta Veri.
  • Ulusoy, A., & Şahingöz, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Gıda Ürünleri Fiyatlarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2).
  • Vosviewer. (2025). Vosviewer [Software]. Wang, H., & Xu, M. (2019). Application of graph theory in logistics and supply chain management: A systematic review. Journal of Logistics Research, 8(1): 45-67.
  • WoS. (2025). Web of Science [Software]. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/analyze-results/501e4081-3118-44b9-a4f6-124052ed4a19-014a125b4a
  • Yuan, X. M., Zhao, W. Y., Lu, X. S., & Yuan, C. W. (2015). Forecasting Stock Index Volatility with GARCH: Case of Chinese Aerospace and Defence Industry. Internatıonal Conference On Advances In Management Engıneerıng And Informatıon Technology (AMEIT 2015), 35-41. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/4990e4d3-4116-44ea-ab1d-dde9a64c7a8c-ab17bb94/relevance/1
  • Zhang, X., & Huang, J. (2022). Analyzing price volatility in perishable food supply chains. Food Policy, 108, 102257.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Inflation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sabri Öz 0000-0002-6280-726X

Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date March 13, 2025
Acceptance Date March 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öz, S. (2025). Tarladan Sofraya: “Graf Teorisi” ile Tarım Ürünleri Fiyat Değişkenliklerinin Analizi. Düşünce Dünyasında Türkiz, 16(1), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.59281/turkiz.1656844