PROPOLİS VE ARI SÜTÜ İÇEREN CİLT KREMİ: ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİ-HYALÜRONİDAZ VE ANTİMİKROBİYAL AKTİVİTELERİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 224 - 238, 19.11.2023

Gülsüm Merve Boyracı Atiye Değirmenci Oktay Yıldız Zeynep Berin Çelebi

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1355264

Abstract

Propolis ve arı sütü eski çağlardan beri geleneksel ve modern tıpta çeşitli biyolojik aktivitelerinden dolayı kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde yapılan son çalışmalar bu ürünlerin cilt tedavisi ve bakımı alanındaki potansiyel uygulamalarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, cilt kremi üretiminde propolis ve arı sütünün potansiyel kullanımını incelemek ve arı ürünleriyle zenginleştirilmiş cilt kremi formülasyonunun anti-hiyalüronidaz, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca kremlerin farklı depolama sıcaklığı ve süresindeki fiziksel stabilitesi de incelenmiştir. Krem formülasyonunda arı sütü oranı (%0,5) sabit tutulurken propolis özütü %0,5-1,0-1,5 oranlarında kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada üretilen kremlerin pH değerleri 5,56 ile 6,02 aralığında değişmekte olup cilt pH değerine uygun bulunmuştur. Krem formülasyonunda propolis oranı arttıkça antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak arttığı görülmüştür (p≤0,05). Krem örneklerinin anti-hiyalüronidaz aktivite analizi sonucu IC50 değerleri 0,1667-3,3460 g/mL krem olarak belirlenmiş ve en yüksek aktivite %1,5 propolis özütü ilaveli örnekte bulunmuştur. Propolis ve arı sütü ilaveli krem örneklerinin tamamı Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis ve Candida albicans mikroorganizmalarına karşı inhibisyon göstermiştir. Hızlandırılmış stabilite testleri krem formülasyonun tüm stres koşullarına karşı dikkate değer bir stabiliteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma kozmetik sektöründe doğal, sürdürülebilir ve güvenli cilt bakım ürünleri üretebilmek için krem formülasyonuna arı ürünlerini entegre etmenin uygulanabilirliğine dair kanıt sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Propolis, Arı sütü, Krem, Cilt yenileyici etki, Anti-hiyaluronidaz aktivite

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma için etik kurul belgesi gerekli değildir.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK 2209-B Sanayiye Yönelik Lisans Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programına

Thanks

Desteklerinden ötürü TÜBİTAK 2209-B Sanayiye Yönelik Lisans Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programına teşekkür ederiz.

Propolis and royal jelly containing skin cream: The evaluation of antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and antimicrobial activities

Abstract

Propolis and royal jelly have been utilized in both traditional and modern medical practices since earlier times, owing to their diverse range of biological properties. Recent research has demonstrated their potential application in the realm of skin treatment and care. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential application of propolis and royal jelly in cream formulation and to evaluate the impact of the utilized bee products on the cream's anti-hyaluronidase, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. It is also investigate the physical stability of creams at various storage temperatures and durations. The cream formulation maintained ratio of royal jelly at 0.5%, while varying amounts of propolis extract ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% to 1.5% were utilized. The pH values of the creams examined in the study ranged from 5.56 to 6.02, indicating that they were compatible with the pH value of the skin. It was observed that the antioxidant activity values increased statistically as the propolis ratio increased in the cream formulation. As a result of the antihyaluronidase activity analysis of the cream samples, the IC50 values were determined as 0.16672-3.34603 g/ml cream and the Cream 3 sample with 1.5% propolis extract showed the highest activity. The cream samples with propolis and royal jelly exhibited inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. The results of accelerated stability testing indicate that the cream formulation exhibits exceptional stability when subjected to various stress situations. This research provides evidence of the feasibility of integrating bee products into cream formulations to enrich them with natural, sustainable and safe skin care products in the cosmetics industry.

Keywords

Propolis, Royal jelly, Cream, Skin regenerating effect, Anti-hyaluronidase activity

References

• Atagün ÖS. Periodontal hastalıkların tedavisinde hiyalüronik asit. Sağlık & Bilim: Medikal Araştırmalar, 2022;3:75
• Balkan IA, Doğan HT, Zengin G, Colak N, Ayaz FA, Gören AC, Kırmızıbekmez H, Yeşilada E. Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Nerium oleander L. flower extracts and activity guided isolation of the active components. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018;112:24-31
• Bankova V, Popova M, Trusheva B. New emerging fields of application of propolis. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2016;35(1):1-11
• Bărnuţiu LI, Mărghitaş LA, Dezmirean DS, Mihai CM, Bobiş O. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Royal Jelly-revıew. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2011;44(2):67-72
• Belmehdi O, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Gallo M vd. Recent advances in the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis. Food Reviews International, 2023 1-51
• Benzie IF, Strain JJ. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration, Ed. Packer L, “In Methods in enzymology” Academic press, Orlondo, 1999, pp. 15-27
• Can Z. Determination of in-vitro antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-hyaluronidase activities by phenolic rich bee products from different region of Turkey. Fresenius Environ. Bull, 2018;27:6858-6866
• Can Z, Kara Y, Kolaylı S, Çakmak İ. Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of propolis from Marmara region, Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, Published online DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2157582
• Chaiwong N, Phimolsiripol Y, Leelapornpisid P, Ruksiriwanich W, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P vd. Synergistics of carboxymethyl chitosan and mangosteen extract as enhancing moisturizing, antioxidant, antibacterial, and deodorizing properties in emulsion cream. Polymers, 2022;14(1):178.
• Civelek İ. Biological activities of royal jelly: a mini-review. Anatolian Journal of Biology.2022;3(1):1-8
• Dini I, Laneri S. The new challenge of green cosmetics: Natural food ingredients for cosmetic formulations. Molecules, 2021;26(13):3921
• Dizman S, Yıldız O, Boyracı GM, Kolaylı S. Determination of natural radioactivity levels and gamma radiation attenuation coefficients in propolis samples and the study of its antioxidant properties. Radiochimica Acta, 2020;108(10):829-837
• Dorken EA. Bitkisel ve mikroalg içerikli kremlerin geliştirilmesi, antioksidan ve anti-tirosinaz enzim aktivitelerinin analitik yöntemlerle araştırılması. BUÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Bursa, 2022, (erişim tarihi:20.05.2023), https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• FDA-BAM. Aerobic plate count. In “FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 3, https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-3-aerobic-plate-count. 2001a, (erişim tarihi:18.08.2023)
• FDA-BAM. Yeasts, moulds and mycotoxins. In “FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 18, https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-18-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins.2001b. (erişim tarihi:18.08.2023)
• Fitzner A, Knuhr K, Brandt M, Bielfeldt S. Investigating the effect of the pH of foot care product formulations on pedal skin in diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2023
• Girish KS, Kemparaju K, Nagaraju S, Vishwanath BS. Hyaluronidase inhibitors: a biological and therapeutic perspective. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2009;16(18):2261-2288
• Hotaman HE. Anzer bal ve poleninin bazı biyoaktif özelliklerinin in vitro olarak incelenmes. RTE Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi, Rize, 2015, (erişim tarihi.20.05.2023) https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Imam S, Azhar I, Perveen S, Hussain SG, Mahmood ZA. Studies on in vitro antioxidant activity and total flavonoid contents of a cream formulation to correlate its anti-aging effect. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015;4(1):1646-1655
• Kara Y. Fenolik bileşiklerin RP-HPLC-PDA ile analiz yöntemi geliştirilmesi, validasyonu ve etanolik propolis özütlerine uygulanması. KTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trabzon, 2020, (erişim tarihi. 20.08.2023), https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Kolaylı S, Birinci C, Kara Y, Ozkok A, Samancı AET, Sahin H. vd. A melissopalynological and chemical characterization of Anatolian propolis and an assessment of its antioxidant potential. European Food Research and Technology, 2023;249(5):1213-1233
• Kolayli S, Sahin H, Can Z, Yildiz O, Sahin K. Honey shows potent inhibitory activity against the bovine testes hyaluronidase. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 2016;31(4):599-602
• Kowalczuk I, Gębski J, Stangierska D, Szymańska A. Determinants of Honey and other bee products use for culinary, cosmetic, and medical purposes. Nutrients, 2023;15(3):737
• Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Balwierz R, Stojko J. Bee products in dermatology and skin care. Molecules, 2020;25(3):556
• Lee J, Hyun CG. Natural Products for Cosmetic Applications. Molecules, 2023;28(2):534
• Mapoung S, Semmarath W, Arjsri P, Umsumarng S, Srisawad K, Thippraphan P, vd. Determination of phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of functional cosmetic creams available on the Thailand market. Plants, 2021;10(7):1383
• Muriel-Galet V, Cran MJ, Bigger SW, Hernández-Muñoz P, Gavara R. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer films based on the release of oregano essential oil and green tea extract components. Journal of Food Engineering, 2015;149:9-16
• Nosheen S, Kaleem M. Recovery optimization of plant waste derived antioxidants and their incorporation in cosmetic creams to enhance antioxidant potential: A cost-effective approach. Research Square, 2023, preprint
• Oboh G, Agunloye OM, Adefegha SA, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibit key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (in vitro): a comparative study. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2015;26(2):165-170
• Odunkıran A, Şengül M, Ufuk S. Some Characteristics of Honey and Propolis and Their Effects on Covid-19. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 2021;4(2):129-153
• Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Wisowski G, Mencner L, Stojko J, Kozma EM. Propolis Modulates Fibronectin Expression in the Matrix of Thermal Injury. Biomedical Research. Int. 2014;748101
• Ordu JI, Sunday BR, Okafo SE. Evaluation of the activity of Garcinia kola seed oil and honey on skin cream formulation. The Pharma Innovation, 2018;7(5, Part J):675
• Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, Kostagianni AD, Gerothanassis, IP, Pérez-Sánchez, H vd. ANTIAGE-DB: A database and server for the prediction of anti-aging compounds targeting elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. Antioxidants, 2022;11(11):2268
• Pavel CI, Mărghitaş L A, Bobiş O, Dezmirean DS, Şapcaliu A, Radoi I, vd. Biological activities of royal jelly-review. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2011;44(2):108-118
• Polat A, Akdeniz H, Turhan M. Arı ürünü olan propolis’ in yapısı ve özellikleri. Uluslararası Gıda Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023;3(1):55-63
• Rocha VM, Portela RD, dos Anjos JP, de Souza CO, Umsza-Guez MA. Stingless bee propolis: composition, biological activities and its applications in the food industry. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 2023;5(1):1-13
• Sá SHG, Mazzocato MC, Saliba ASM, Alencar SM, Favaro-Trindade, CS. Evaluation of the release, stability and antioxidant activity of Brazilian red propolis extract encapsulated by spray-drying, spray-chilling and using the combination of both techniques. Food Research International, 2023;164:112423
• Sawicki T, Starowicz M, Kłębukowska L, Hanus P. The profile of polyphenolic compounds, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of bee products. Molecules, 2022;27(4):1301
• Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American journal of enology and viticulture, 1977;28(1):49-55
• Sonika P, Akanksha S, Rajesh T, Sunita S, Suman S. Development and evaluation of antimicrobial herbal cosmetic preparation. African journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2014;8(20):514-528
• Sönmez E. Investigation of chemical content and antimicrobial activities of different plant sources of Anatolian propolis samples. U. Arı D.-U. Bee J., 2023;23(1):37-48
• Srisuksomwong P, Kaenhin L, Mungmai L. Collagenase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities and stability of facial cream formulation containing cashew leaf extract. Cosmetics, 2023;10(1):17
• Tanuğur Samancı AE, Kekeçoğlu M. Development of a cream formulation containing bee venom and other bee products. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2022;21(10):4913-4920
• TİTCK. Kozmetik ürünlerin mikrobiyolojik kontrolüne ilişkin kılavuz. https://www.titck.gov.tr/mevzuat/kozmetik-urunlerin-mikrobiyolojik-kontrolune-iliskin-kilavuz-surum-1-0-27122018172953, 2023, (erişim tarihi: 15.08.2023)
• Tranggono RI, Latifah F. Cosmetic Science Handbook. PT Gramedia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2007, p.11-32
• Turkut GM, Er M, Değirmenci A. Evaluating bioactivity and bioaccessibility properties of Turkish propolis extracts prepared with various solvents. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 2019;2(1):7-11
• Yahaya YA, Don MM. Evaluation of Trametes lactinea extracts on the inhibition of hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase activities in vitro. Journal of Physical Science, 2012;23:1-15
• Yasin A, Ren Y, Li J, Sheng Y, Cao C, Zhang K. Advances in hyaluronic acid for biomedical applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2022;10:910290
• Yıldız O. Tüketilebilir propolis ekstrelerinde kullanılan çözücülerin (menstrumların) değerlendirilmesi. U. Arı D.-U. Bee J. 2020;20(1):24-37
• Yildiz O, Boyraci GM. Production and some quality parameters of sugar beet sweets (Pestil and Köme). Sugar Technology, 2020;22(5):842-852
• Yorgancioğlu A. Bazı uçucu yağlarla kollajen içerikli antimikrobiyal krem üretilebilirliği üzerine araştırmalar. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir, 2012, (erişim tarihi. 21.08.2023)