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Posthuman Body: A Post-dualistic Entity in Bio(Technological)-Art

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 95 - 103, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.47481/yjad.1366314

Abstract

The body has always been the subject of discussions whether in ancient, modern or posthuman times. In these discussions, it has been instrumentalized, domesticized, and even cursed or glorified, mostly through the dualisms such as mind/body, soul/body and self/other. Posthuman thought criticizes this dualistic comprehension for the body and proposes a post-dualistic understanding. This post-dualism blurs the distinctions starting from the ones between the human and machine, human and animal for a posthuman body. This study approaches the posthuman body as a post-dualistic entity as well. Through a qualitative research method, the academic literature was reviewed concerning the prominent debates on these issues and discussed the findings with the practical works of art. Primarily, Donna Haraway’s arguments on the body with the notion of cyborg and Katherine N. Hayles’ concept of posthuman were examined for building a basis of the research. At the intersection of these concepts, Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of becoming and becoming-machine notion were explored. Becoming-machine not only relates to Body without Organs (BwO), but also emerges as a developed concept for posthuman in Rosi Braidotti’s texts too. Braidotti interprets this Deleuzian concept in a critical posthuman perspective and proposes a new notion as Organs without Bodies. This concept connects to BwO with its criticism on organism and also benefits from Foucault’s arguments for biopower and biopolitics. So, Braidotti discusses Foucault’s arguments on modernity to develop a criticism on biotechnological capitalism. Therefore, this research aims to discuss these interrelated critical subjects through biotechnological manifestations in contemporary art. In this scope, the purpose of this study is to interpret critical issues on the body from an interdisciplinary point of view and contribute to the academic literature with an alternative discussion mentioning the post-dualistic possibilities of the posthuman body.

References

  • Braidotti, R. (1994). Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory. Columbia University Press.
  • Colebrook, Claire (2002). Understanding Deleuze. Allen & Unwin.
  • Critical Art Ensemble. (Sep 25, 2023). Flesh Machine, 1997-98. Artists’ website. http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • Deleuze, G. & Smith, D. W. (2016). Desire and Pleasure. Between Deleuze and Foucault. Edinburgh University Press. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474415095-015
  • Ferrando, F. (2019). Philosophical Posthumanism. Bloomsbury.
  • Franklin, S. (2001). Biologization Revisited: Kinship Theory in the Context of the NewBiologies. In S. Franklin and
  • S. McKinnon (Eds.), Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Duke University Press.
  • Haines, A. (Sep 25, 2023). Circumventive Organs, 2013. Artist’s website. https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • Haraway, D. (2016). A Cyborg Manifesto. In Manifestly Haraway. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Hassan, I. (1977). Prometheus as Performer: Toward a Posthumanist Culture?. The Georgia Review, 31 (4), 830-850
  • Hauser, J. (2006). Biotechnology as Mediality: Strategies of organic media art. Performance Research, 11 (4), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13528160701363663
  • Hayles, N. K. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University of Chicago Press.
  • Holland, E. (2013). Deleuze and Guattari’s ‘A Thousand Plateaus’: a Reader’s Guide. Continuum.
  • Lecourt, D. (2003). Humain, Posthumain. Presses universitaires de France.
  • Smith, D. (2017). What is the body without organs? Machine and organism in Deleuze and Guattari. Continental Philosophy Review, 51 (1), 95-110.
  • Yetisen, A. K. , J. Davis, A. F. Coskun, G. M. Church and S. H. Yun. (2015). Bioart. Trends in Biotechnology, 33 (12): 724–34.
  • URL1. Image 1. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • URL2. Image 2. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • URL3. Image 3. (Dec 19, 2023). http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • URL4. Image 4. (Dec 19, 2023). http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • URL5. Image 5. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.artsy.net/artwork/ed-atkins-safe-conduct-production-still-3
  • URL6. Image 6. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/1.2018/

İnsan Sonrası Beden: Biyo(Teknolojik)-Sanatta Post-Dualistik bir Kendilik

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 95 - 103, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.47481/yjad.1366314

Abstract

Beden gerek antik çağda, gerek modern, gerekse de insan sonrası zamanlarda her zaman tartışmaların konusu olmuştur. Bu tartışmalarda beden çoğunlukla zihin/beden, ruh/beden ve ben/öteki düalizmleri üzerinden araçsallaştırılmış evcilleştirilmiş hatta lanetlenmiş ya da yüceltilmiştir. İnsan sonrası düşünce, bedene yönelik bu düalist anlayışı eleştirir ve post-düalist bir anlayış önerir. Bu post-düalizm, insan sonrası bir beden için insan ile makine, insan ile hayvan arasındaki gibi ayrımlardan başlayarak bir çok ayrımı bulanıklaştırır. Bu çalışma da insan sonrası bedene post-dualistik bir kendilik olarak yaklaşmaktadır. Bu konularda öne çıkan tartışmalara ilişkin akademik literatür nitel bir araştırma yöntemiyle taranmış ve bulgular sanat uygulamaları aracılığıyla tartışılmıştır. Araştırmaya temel oluşturmak amacıyla öncelikle Donna Haraway'in siborg kavramıyla ilgili bedene dair argümanları ve Katherine N. Hayles'in insan sonrası kavramı incelenmiştir. Bu kavramların kesişiminde Deleuze ve Guattari'nin oluş ve makine-oluş kavramları irdelenmiştir. Makine-oluş sadece Organsız Beden (BwO) ile ilgili değil aynı zamanda Rosi Braidotti'nin metinlerinde de insan sonrası için geliştirilmiş bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Braidotti, bu Deleuzeyen kavramı eleştirel bir insan sonrası perspektifle yorumlar ve Bedensiz Organlar olarak yeni bir kavram önerir. Bu kavram organizmaya yönelik eleştirisiyle Organsız Beden kavramına bağlanır ve aynı zamanda Foucault'nun biyoiktidar ve biyopolitika argümanlarından da yararlanır. Böylece Braidotti, biyoteknolojik kapitalizme yönelik bir eleştiri geliştirmek için Foucault'nun moderniteye ilişkin argümanlarını tartışır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma birbiriyle ilişkili bu kritik konuları çağdaş sanattaki biyoteknolojik tezahürleri üzerinden tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmanın amacı, bedene dair kritik konuları disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısıyla yorumlamak ve insan sonrası bedenin post-dualistik olanaklarını vurgulayan alternatif bir tartışmayla akademik literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.

References

  • Braidotti, R. (1994). Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory. Columbia University Press.
  • Colebrook, Claire (2002). Understanding Deleuze. Allen & Unwin.
  • Critical Art Ensemble. (Sep 25, 2023). Flesh Machine, 1997-98. Artists’ website. http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • Deleuze, G. & Smith, D. W. (2016). Desire and Pleasure. Between Deleuze and Foucault. Edinburgh University Press. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474415095-015
  • Ferrando, F. (2019). Philosophical Posthumanism. Bloomsbury.
  • Franklin, S. (2001). Biologization Revisited: Kinship Theory in the Context of the NewBiologies. In S. Franklin and
  • S. McKinnon (Eds.), Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Duke University Press.
  • Haines, A. (Sep 25, 2023). Circumventive Organs, 2013. Artist’s website. https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • Haraway, D. (2016). A Cyborg Manifesto. In Manifestly Haraway. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Hassan, I. (1977). Prometheus as Performer: Toward a Posthumanist Culture?. The Georgia Review, 31 (4), 830-850
  • Hauser, J. (2006). Biotechnology as Mediality: Strategies of organic media art. Performance Research, 11 (4), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13528160701363663
  • Hayles, N. K. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University of Chicago Press.
  • Holland, E. (2013). Deleuze and Guattari’s ‘A Thousand Plateaus’: a Reader’s Guide. Continuum.
  • Lecourt, D. (2003). Humain, Posthumain. Presses universitaires de France.
  • Smith, D. (2017). What is the body without organs? Machine and organism in Deleuze and Guattari. Continental Philosophy Review, 51 (1), 95-110.
  • Yetisen, A. K. , J. Davis, A. F. Coskun, G. M. Church and S. H. Yun. (2015). Bioart. Trends in Biotechnology, 33 (12): 724–34.
  • URL1. Image 1. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • URL2. Image 2. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.agihaines.com/circumventive-organs
  • URL3. Image 3. (Dec 19, 2023). http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • URL4. Image 4. (Dec 19, 2023). http://critical-art.net/flesh-machine-1997-98/
  • URL5. Image 5. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.artsy.net/artwork/ed-atkins-safe-conduct-production-still-3
  • URL6. Image 6. (Dec 19, 2023). https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/1.2018/
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fine Arts
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Kemal Yurttaş 0000-0003-1958-3309

Early Pub Date January 18, 2024
Publication Date January 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yurttaş, M. K. (2024). Posthuman Body: A Post-dualistic Entity in Bio(Technological)-Art. Yıldız Journal of Art and Design, 10(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.47481/yjad.1366314

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