The Fourth Figure in Aristotle

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 75 - 98, 20.12.2018

Murat Kelikli

Öz

This paper investigates whether Aristotle was aware of the fourth figure, and if he was aware of the fourth figure, why he excluded it from his system. Various commentators have explained why this figure does not exist in the system, so this paper compiles ane examines these arguments through a certain logical frame. By inquiring into why the fourth figure was not included in his logical system, the paper considers whether logical factors may explain this exclusion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aristotle, Aristotelian logic, logical frame, syllogism, the fourth figure

Kaynakça

• Adams, Marilyn Jager. “Aristotle's Logic.” Psychology of Learning and Motivation, vol. 18. Ed. Gordon H. Bower. New York and Boston: Academic Press, 1984, 255-311.
• Aristotelis. Analytica Priora et Posteriora. Eds. W. David Ross & Lorenzo Minio-Paluello. Oxford: Oxford Classical Texts, 1964.
• Aristotle. The Complete Works of Aristotle, vol. 1. Ed. Jonathan Barnes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
• Atay, Hüseyin. “Mantıktaki Kıyasın Dördüncü Şekline Dair.” Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 16, 1968, 35-66.
• Henle, Paul. “On the Fourth Figure of the Syllogism.” Philosophy of Science 16, 1949, 94-104.
• Hubien, Hubert. “Jean Buridan on the Fourth Figure of the Syllogism.” Revue Internationale de Philosophie 29, 1975, 271-285.
• Huby, Pamela. Theophrastus of Eresus. Sources for His Life, Writings, Thought and Influence: Commentary, vol. 2. Ed. & trans. William W. Fortenbaugh at al. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
• Home, Henry & Kames, Lord. Sketches of the History of Man. Ed. James A. Harris. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2007.
• Galen. Galen's Institutio Logica. Trans. John Spangler Kieffer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
• Krois, John Michael. “Validity in the Cultural Sciences?” Discourse on a New Method: Reinvigorating the Marriage of History and Philosophy of Science. Eds. Mary Domski, & Michael Dickson,. Chicago and La Salle, IL: Open Court 2010.
• Łukasiewicz, Jan. Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic. London: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1957.
• Manekin, Charles H. “Some Aspects of the Assertoric Syllogism in Medieval Hebrew Logic.” History and Philosophy of Logic 17, 1996, 49-71.
• Maritain, Jacques. An Introduction to Logic. Trans. Imelda Choquette. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1937.
• Merrill, Daniel D. “Reduction to the Fourth Figure.” Mind 74, 1965, 66-70.
• Patzig, Günther. Aristotle's Theory of the Syllogism. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1969.
• Peterson, James B. “The Forms of the Syllogism.” The Philosophical Review 8, 1899, 371-85.
• Reid, Thomas. Analysis of Aristotle's Logic, with Remarks. Edinburgh: William Creech, 1806.
• Rescher, Nicholas. Galen and Syllogism. Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966.
• Rose, Lynn E. “Aristotle's Syllogistic and the Fourth Figure.” Mind 74, 1965, 382-389.
• Ross, W. David. “Discovery of the Syllogism.” The Philosophical Review 48, 1939, 251-272.
• Ross, W. David. Aristotle's Prior and Posterior Analytics. (London: Clarendon Press.
• Ross, W. David. Aristoteles. çev. Ahmet Arslan vd. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi, 1995.
• Sabra, A. Ibrahim. “A Twelfth-Century Defence of the Fourth Figure of the Syllogism.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 28, 1965, 14-28.
• Scholz, Heinrich. Concise History of Logic. New York: Philosophical Library, 1961.
• Stakelum, James W. “Why ‘Galenian Figure’?” The New Scholasticism 16, 1942, 289-96.
• Tennant, Neil. “Aristotle's Syllogistic and Core Logic.” History and Philosophy of Logic 35, 2014, 120-47.
• Türker, Sadık. Batı Düşüncesinde Üçleme Sorunu. İstanbul: Külliyat Yayınları, 2012.
• Ueberweg, Friedrich. System der Logik und Geschichte der Logischen Lehren. Bonn: Bei Adolph Marcus, 1865.
• Wallies, Maximilianus. “Praefatio.” Ammonii in Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium. Ed. Maximilianus Wallies.
• Berolini: Typis et Impensis Georgii Reimeri, 1899.
• Whitehead, Alfred N. & Russell, Bertrand. Principia Mathematica, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912.
• Williamson, Colwyn. “How Many Syllogisms are There?” History and Philosophy of Logic 9, 2018, 77-85.