İTALYA VE SURİYELİ MÜLTECİLER: AVRUPA’NIN ZORLU SINAVI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 146 - 161, 29.12.2017

Muzaffer Akdoğan Canan Sağıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.368426

Öz

Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinde köklü
değişikliklere neden olan ve bu bölgelerin geleceğine şekil veren Arap Baharı,
en derin etkisini Suriye üzerinde gösterirken, en ciddi sonuçlar da yine bu
ülkede yaşanmıştır. Yüz binlerce insanın ölümüne, milyonlarca insanın
ülkelerini terk etmesine neden olan gelişmeler, komşu ülkeleri etkilediği kadar
Avrupa ülkelerini de önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu çerçevede, İtalya Akdeniz
üzerinden Avrupa’ya ulaşmaya çalışan birçok Suriyelinin hayatını en fazla kaybettiği
ülke olmuştur. Avrupa basınına yansıyan birçok haberde de görüleceği üzere
Yunanistan ve İtalya Suriye krizinde Avrupa merkezinde öne çıkan iki ülkedir.
İtalya bir taraftan mülteci karşıtı gösteriler ile Avrupa’nın göç karşıtı yüzü
olurken diğer taraftan Yunanistan’dan sonra en çok Suriyeli mültecinin tercih
ettiği bir Avrupa devletidir. Bu itibarla Avrupa’daki Suriyeli mülteci sorununu
İtalya merkezinde incelemek, Avrupa’nın Suriyeli mültecilere yaklaşımını görmek
ve anlamak adına önemlidir. Zira İtalya, Suriyeli mültecilerin hayatları
pahasına Avrupa’ya ulaşma çabasında Avrupa’nın insanlık sınavı verdiği kritik
bir devlettir. Bu çalışmada İtalya’nın Suriyeli mültecilerin göçünden nasıl
etkilendiği ve bu süreci nasıl etkilediği kadar Suriyeli mültecilerin de
İtalya’nın kriz yönetiminden nasıl etkilendiği irdelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suriyeli mülteciler, Suriye, İtalya, Avrupa

Italy and Syrian Refugees: Europe’s Formidable Examination

Öz

The Arab Spring, which caused
radical changes in the Middle East and North African countries and shaped the
future of these regions, showed its deepest influence on Syria, and the most
serious consequences were also experienced in this country. The developments
that caused hundreds of thousands of people to die and millions of people to leave
their countries affected European countries as much as they affected
neighboring countries. In this framework, Italy has become the country where
many Syrians who are trying to reach Europe through the Mediterranean have lost
their lives the most. As can be seen in many reports reflected in the European
press, Greece and Italy are the two countries that stand out in the European
center during the Syrian crisis. Italy is an anti-refugee demonstration on one
side and an anti-immigration face of Europe while on the other hand it is a
European state preferred by most Syrian refugees after Greece. In this respect,
it is important to examine Europe’s Syrian refugee issue in Italy, to see and
understand Europe’s approach to Syrian refugees. Because, Italy is a critical
state where the European people test the humanity in the struggle of Syrian
refugees to reach Europe at the cost of their lives. This study examines how
Italy is influenced by the migration of Syrian refugees and how this process
affected them, as well as the influence of Syrian refugees on Italy’s crisis
management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Syria, Syrian refugees, Italy, Europe

Kaynakça

• Albonico, L., Maxwill, P., Otasevic, V, Teunis, C. and Wecker, K. (2017). “Mediterranean Migraine, Italy's Growing Refugee Problem”, Spiegel, 24.01.2017, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/italy-refugee-problem-spells-trouble-for-europe-a-1131506.html
• Aljazeera (2017). “UN urges Europe to help Italy with refugee 'tragedy'”, 02.07.2017, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/07/urges-europe-italy-refugee-tragedy-170702035708347.html
• Baboulias, Y. (2015). “Avrupa’nın çöken mülteci politikası”, Aljazeera Turk, 4.05.2015, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/avrupanin-coken-multeci-politikasi
• BBC, (2016). “Why is Italy seeing a record number of migrants?”, 29.11.2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38148110
• BBC, (2017). “Migrant crisis: Italy threatens to shut ports”, 28.06.2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40437917
• BBC Türkçe, (2017). “Göçmen krizi: İtalya'dan limanlarını kapatma resti”, 29.06.2017, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-40438432.
• Clayton, J. (2017). “Over 300,000 refugees and migrants cross Med so far in 2016”, UNHCR, 20.09.2017, http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/9/57e12c564/300000-refugees-migrants-cross-med-far-2016.html
• Denaro, C. (2016). Agency, Resıstance and (Forced) Mobilities. the Case of Syrian Refugees in Transit Through Italy, REMHU - Rev. Interdiscip. Mobil. Hum., Brasília, Ano XXIV, n. 47, p. 77-96.
• Denselow, J. (2015). “Avrupa’nın Suriyeli mülteci korkusu”, Aljazeera Turk, 5.01.2015, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/avrupanin-suriyeli-multeci-korkusu
• Deutsche Welle Türkçe, (2017). “İtalya'da mülteci karşıtı gösteriler çığırından çıktı”, 18.07.2015, http://www.dw.com/tr/italyada-mülteci-karşıtı-gösteriler-çığırından-çıktı/a-18593157
• Euronews, (2016). “Italy New 'Frontline' in Europe's Refugee Crisis, Warns Frontex Chief”, 12.07.2016, http://www.euronews.com/2016/07/12/italy-new-frontline-in-europe-s-refugee-crisis-warns-frontex-chief
• Gramaglia, G. (2015). “How Italy is still struggling with the refugee crisis”, Europesworld, 26.10.2015, http://europesworld.org/2015/10/26/how-italy-is-still-struggling-with-the-refugee-crisis/#.WWs4Oojyg2w
• Gürgen, H. (2015). “Dublin I ve II Çökerken”, Avrupa Forum, 01.09.2015, http://avrupaforum.org/dublin-i-ve-ii-cokerken-avrupa-birligi-projeside-lime-lime-dokulmektedir-hakan-gurgen/
• Momigliano, A. (2017). “Italian forces ignored a sinking ship full of Syrian refugees and let more than 250 drown, says leaked audio”, The Washington Post 09.05.2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/09/italian-forces-ignored-a-sinking-ship-full-of-syrian-refugees-and-let-more-than-250-drown-says-leaked-audio/?utm_term=.ab523171e0f4
• Moore, J. (2017). “Leaked tapes reveal how Italy refused to help Syrian refugees”, Newsweek, 10.05.2017, http://www.newsweek.com/italy-ignoring-distress-calls-let-more-250-syrian-refugees-die-sea-606545
• Övgü, P. (2017). “İtalya ile diğer AB ülkeleri arasında göç krizi”, BBC Türkçe, 04.07.2017, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-40496710
• Park, M. (2017). “Migrant crisis unfolding at sea looms over G-7 summit”, CNN, 26.05.2017, http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/26/europe/migrant-crisis-g7-italy/index.html
• Politi, J. (2017). “Italy struggles to cope with migrant surge”, Financial Times, 12.05.2017, https://www.ft.com/content/3d9ea99a-3706-11e7-bce4-9023f8c0fd2e?mhq5j=e3
• Swell, A. (2017). “A small town in Italy was losing population. Now Syrian refugees are key to its survival”, Los Angeles Times, 01.05.2017, http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-italy-syrian-migrants-2017-story.html
• Tempest, M. (2017). “Refugee hotspots in Italy and Greece ‘not yet adequate’, say EU auditors” Euractive, 25.04.2017, https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/refugee-hotspots-in-italy-and-greece-not-yet-adequate-say-eu-auditors/
• UNOHCHR, (2014). “Italy/Migrants: ‘A humanitarian crisis must have a global humanitarian response’”, 05.12.2014, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15386
• USPG, (2017). “Refugee Crisis Timeline”, http://www.uspg.org.uk/europe/europetimeline/
• Webb, O. (2016). “Dying to get to Italy”, News Vice, 09.12.2016, https://news.vice.com/story/italy-now-represents-the-front-lines-of-europes-refugee-crisis
• Wintour, P. (2017). “Pressure builds in Italy after G7 leaders fail to tackle refugee crisis”, Theguardian, 07.06.2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/07/pressure-builds-in-italy-after-g7-leaders-fail-to-tackle-refugee-crisis