The Number of Response Categories and the Reverse Directional Item Problem in Likert-Type Scales: A Study with the Rasch Model

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 321 - 343, 30.09.2017

Mustafa İlhan Neşe Güler

https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.321057

Cited By: 3

Öz

This study addressed reverse directional item and the number of response categories problems in Likert-type scales. The Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were used as data collection tools. The data of the study were analyzed according to the Rasch model. The analysis found that the observed and expected test characteristic curves were largely overlapped, each of the three rating scales worked effectively, and the differences between response categories could be distinguished successfully by the participants in straightforward directional items. On the other hand, it was determined that there were significant differences between the observed and expected test characteristic curves in reverse directional items. It was also found that no matter which one of these three, five and seven-point rating scales was used, the participants could not distinguish the response categories of the reverse directional items on the FNES and the OHQ. Afterwards, the reverse directional items were removed from the data file, and the analysis was repeated. The analysis results revealed that item discrimination, reliability coefficients for person facet, separation ratios and Chi square values calculated for the facets of person and items were higher in five-pointed rating compared to three and seven pointed rating.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Likert tipi ölçek, olumsuz madde, kategori sayısı, Rasch modeli

Likert Tipi Ölçeklerde Olumsuz Madde ve Kategori Sayısı Sorunu: Rasch Modeli ile Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu araştırmada Likert tipi ölçeklerde olumsuz madde ve kategori sayısı sorununun ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu Ölçeği (ODKÖ) ile Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği (OMÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan veriler Rasch modeline göre analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; ODKÖ ile OMÖ’deki olumlu maddelerde gözlenen ve beklenen test karakteristik eğrilerinin büyük ölçüde örtüştüğü, her üç kategori sayısının da etkin bir biçimde çalıştığı ve ölçek kategorileri arasındaki farkların katılımcılar tarafından başarılı bir biçimde ayırt edildiği belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan olumsuz maddelerde gözlenen ile beklenen test karakteristik eğrileri arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır. Üç, beş ve yedili derecelendirmeden hangisi kullanılırsa kullanılsın, ODKÖ ile OMÖ’deki olumsuz maddelerde kategorilerin katılımcılar tarafından ayırt edilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitin ardından olumsuz maddeler veri dosyasından çıkarılarak analiz tekrarlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; madde ayırt ediciliği, birey yüzeyine ilişkin güvenirlik katsayısı ile birey ve madde yüzeyleri için hesaplanan ayırma oranı ve Ki Kare değerlerinin beşli derecelemede üçlü ve yedili derecelemeye göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, üçlü, beşli ya da yedili derecelemeden hangisi kullanılırsa kullanılsın olumsuz maddelerde ölçek kategorilerinin cevaplayıcılar tarafından ayırt edilemediğine ve olumsuz maddelerin olumlu maddelerle aynı örtük yapıyı ölçmediğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Likert type scale, reverse directional item, number of response categories, Rasch model

Kaynakça

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