Preparation and Characterization of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan, Ammonia Nitrate and Ethylene Carbonate

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 2, 10 - 16, 19.08.2018

Leong Kok Seng

Öz

Research is conducted
that related to the preparation and characterization of solid polymer
electrolyte based on carboxymethyl chitosan, ammonia nitrate and ethylene
carbonate. The potential of carboxymethyl chitosan as a green polymer
electrolyte has been explored. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which can be
obtained from partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. Chitosan react with
monochloroacetic acid to form carboxymethyl chitosan. The solid films were
prepared by solution casting technique with ammonia nitrate and ethylene
carbonate. Characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan – 30% wt. ammonia nitrate –
ethylene carbonate at the weight percentage of different plasticizers were carried out by using infrared spectroscopy analysis
(FTIR) analysis in order to study the changes in functional groups and
structural of carboxymethyl chitosan. The changes in shifting of wavenumbers
confirmed that there is an interaction between the ion of ammonia nitrate and
ethylene carbonate. Scanning electron microscope are used to study the
morphology of the film samples. Morphological observation determine whether the
blends were homogenous and no phase separation occurred. The presence of
amorfus and crystalline structure of the film samples can be determined by X- ray
diffraction. The conductivity in the film samples can be calculated through
electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Solid polymer electrolyte based
on carboxymethyl chitosan as host polymer and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃)
as a complexing salt and ethylene carbonate were prepared by solution casting
technique.  The highest ionic
conductivity value achieved by carboxymethyl chitosan – 30% wt. ammonia
nitrate salt – 25% wt. ethylene carbonate in room temperature was 3.86 x
10^-3 S cm^-1  which
characterized by AC impedance spectroscopic analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polymer

Kaynakça

• Averous, L., & Pollet, E. 2012. Biodegradable Polymers. Environmental Silicate Nano Biocomposites, Green Energy And Technology Springer-Verlag: London. Rahman, M. Y. A., Ahmad, A., Lee, T. K., Farina, Y. & Dahlan, H. M. 2011. LiClO4 Salt Concentration Effect on the Properties of PVC-Modified Low Molecular Weight LENR50-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 124: 2227–2233. Stephan, A. M. 2006. Review On Polymer Electrolytes For Lithium Batteries. European Polymer Journal 42: 21-42. Agrawal, R. C. & Pandey, G. P. 2008. Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview. Applied Physics 41: 223001. Fenton, D. E., Parker, J. M., & Wright, P. V. 1973. Complexes of Alkali Metal Ions with PEO. Polymer 14: 589. Reddy, C. V. S., Sharma, A. K. & Rao, V. V. R. N. 2002. Effect of plasticizer on electrical conductivity and cell parameters of PVP+ PVA + KClO3 blend polymer electrolyte system. Journal of Power Sources 111: 357–360. Armand. 1978. In Extended Abstract Of Second Int. Meeting on Solid Electrolytes.Scotland: St. Andrew. Ramesh, S., & Ong, P. L. 2010. Effect of ethylene carbonate on the ionic conduction in poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) based solid polymer electrolytes. Polymer Chemistry 1: 702–707. Yahya, M.Z.A. & Arof, A. K. 2003. Conductivity and X-ray photoelectron studies on lithium acetate doped chitosan films. Carbohydrate Polymers 55: 95-100. Kadir, M. F. Z., Aspanut, Z., Majid, S. R. & Arof, A. K. 2010. FTIR studies of plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)– chitosan blend doped with NH4NO3 polymer electrolyte membrane. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 78: 1068–1074. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., & Kriz, G. S. 2001. Introduction to Spectroscopy 3rd Ed. Brooks/Cole Publishing. Alias, Y., Ling, I. & Kumutha, K. 2005. Structural and electrochemical characteristics of 49% PMMA grafted polyisoprene (MG49)-LiCF3SO3-PC based polymer electrolytes. Ionics 11: 414. Wang, H. X., Wang, Z. X., Li, H., Meng, Q. B. & Chen, L. Q. 2006.. Ion transport in small molecule electrolyte based Lil/3-hydroxypropionitrile with high salt contents. Journal of Electrochimica Acta 52: 2039-2044. Shin, J. H., Lim, Y. T., Kim, K. W., Ahn, H. J. & Ahn, J. H. 2002. Effect of ball milling on structural and electrochemical properties of (PEO)n LiX (LiX = LiCF3SO3 and LiBF4) polymer electrolytes. Journal of Power Sources 107: 103-109. Jacob, M. M. E., Prabaharan, S. R. S. & Radakrishna, S. 1997. Effect of PEO in addition on the electrolytic and thermal properties of PVdF-LiCLO4 polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 11: 472-476. Rajendran, S., Mahendran, O. & Kannan, R. 2002. Characterisation of (1-x)PMMA- xPVdF polymer blend electrolyte with Li+ ion. Journal of Fuel 81: 1077-1081. Su'ait , M. S., Ahmad, A. & Rahman, M. Y. A. 2009. Ionic conductivity studies of 49% poly(methyl metacrylate)-grafted natural rubber - based solid polymer electrolyte. Ionics 15: 497-500. Kim, W. S., Jeong, Y. C., Park, J. K., Shin, C. W. & Nam-Kim. 2007. Diffraction efficiency behaviour of photopolymer based on P(MMA-co-MAAA) copolymer matrix. Optical Materials 29: 1736-1740. Mohammad, A. A., Haliman, H., Sulaiman M. A., Yahya, M. Z. A. & Ali, A. M. M. 2008. Conductivity studies of plasticized anhydrous PEO-KOH alkaline solid polymer electrolyres. Ionics 14: 59-62. Ahmad, A., Isa, K. B. M. & Osman, Z. 2011. Conductivity and Structural Studies of Plasticized Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) –Lithium Triflate Polymer Electrolyte Films. Sains Malaysiana 40(7): 691–694. Idris, R., Glasse, M. D., Latham, R. J., Linford, R. G. & Schlindwein, W. S. 2001. Polymer electrolytes based on modified NR for the use in rechargeable lithium batteries. Journal of Power Sources 94(2): 206-211. Wang , Y. J. & Kim, D. 2007. Crystallinity, morfology, mechanical properties and conductivities study of in situ formed PVdF/LiCl04/TiO2 nanocomposite Buraidah, M. H., Teo, L. P., Majid, S. R. & Arof, A. K. 2008. Ionic conductivity by correlated barrier hopping in NH4I doped chitosan solid electrolyte. Physica B 404: 1373–1379. Chen, L., Xiao, G. S. & Sheng, D. 2012. Crosslinked gel polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene glycol methacrylate and ionic liquid for lithium ion battery applications. Electrochimica Acta 87: 889– 894. Subban, R. H. Y., & Arof, A. K. 2003. Experimental investigation on PVC-LiCF3SO3-SiO2 composite polymer electrolytes. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical System 61: 97-203. Mobarak, N. N., Ahmad, A., Abdullah, M. P., Ramli, N. & Rahman, M. Y. A. 2012. Conductivity enhancement via chemical modification of chitosan based green polymer electrolyte. Electrochimica Acta 92: 161– 167. Ahmad, A., Pow, C. L. & Su'ait, M. S. 2010. Solid Polymer Electrolyte 49% Poly(Methly Methacrylate - Grafted Natural Rubber-Lithium Tetrafluoroborate. Sains Malaysiana 39(1)): 65–71. Wickham, J. R., Mason, R. N. & Rice, C. V. 2007. Solid state NMR studies of the crystalline and amorphous domains within PEO and PEO:LiTf systems. Journal of Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 31: 184-192. Su'ait , M. S., Ahmad, A., Hamzah, H. & Rahman, M. Y. A. 2011. Effect of litium salt concentrations on blended 49% poly(methyl metacrylate)- grafted natural rubber based solid polymer electrolyte. Electrochimica Acta.