BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA ÇOĞUNLUK ESASINA DAYANAN SEÇİM SİSTEMİNİN ZORLUKLARI VE AZINLIKLARIN TEMSİLİ: ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 219 - 236, 30.07.2016

Ender Akyol Yasin Yimam Mohammed

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.346926

Cited By: 2

Öz

Demokratik siyasal
sistemlerde seçimin önemli olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Ancak demokratik siyasal
sistemler için dünya genelinde en iyi olarak kabul edilebilecek bir seçim
sistemi yoktur. Bu yüzden farklı ülkelerde birbirinden farklı seçim sistemleri
kullanılmakta, kimileri özellikle Afrika ülkeleri, sadece kendi sömürgeci
ülkelerindeki seçim sistemini benimsemişken kimileri de özenli bir kamusal
tartışma sonucunda kendi seçim sistemlerini oluşturmuşlardır. Diğer Afrika
ülkelerinden farklı olarak, Etiyopya bağımsız bir devlet olup, Hile-sellassie
rejiminin (1930-1974) bazı göstermelik seçimlerinin dışında demokratik modern
seçim türlerinin herhangi birinden tarihsel deneyim yaşamadan, 1994/5’te kabul
edilen anayasa ile çoğunlukçu siyasal sistem ve özellikle çoğunluk esasına
dayanan seçim sistemini kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışma bölünmüş toplumlarda özellikle
Etiyopya üzerinde çoğunluk esasına dayanan seçim sisteminin zorluklarını
değerlendirmekte ve temsil sorununu ele alarak, “Aktarılabilir Tek Oy”  seçim sistemini Etiyopya için alternatif olabilecek bir seçim sistemi olarak
önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçim Sistemi, Demokrasi, Bölünmüş Toplum, Çoğunluk Esasına Dayanan Seçim Sistemi, Nisbi Temsil Seçim Sistemi

The Challenges of Majoritarian Electoral System in Divided Societies and Minority Representation: The Case of Ethiopia

Öz

It is undeniable fact that, election and electoral
systems to be an important element in democratic political system. However, for
democratic political systems there is no commonly accepted best types of electoral
system that works best all over the world. As a result, different countries
have employed variety of electoral system in which some, particularly African
countries have simply adopted the electoral system from their colonial masters
while others have choosen an electoral syetem through discussion and public
debate wisely. Despite its independence from any colonial power uniquely from
other African countries, and with the exception of some pretended elections of
Hile sellassie regime(1930-1974), 
together with the introduction of 1994/5 constitution, Ethiopia with no
hsitorical experience of modern types of democratic election, has installed the
simple plurality majoritarian electoral system. This study assessed the
challenges of majoritarian electoral system in divided societies particularly
to Ethiopia and the finding conclude by proposing the “alternative single
transferable voting system” as means to handle the problem of representation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electoral System, Democracy, Divided Society, Majoritarian Electoral System, Proportional Electoral System

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