Mechanical recovery of a native forest with shrubs of the Espinal Ecoregion (Argentina)

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 2, 78 - 86, 20.07.2018

Rafael Alberto Sabattini Julián Alberto Sabattini Juan Carlos Cian Mauro Lindt

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/forestist.2018.392323

The invasion of woody plants in various
parts of the world has been a longstanding concern in livestock production due
to the expected negative impact on secondary production. Native forests cover
30% of the earth’s land surface. A great part of the livestock production of
Entre Ríos is developed in these ecosystems, which have been highly degraded
due to inadequate cattle management, and the invasion of shrub species. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the natural pasture recovery in a degraded native
forest, subjected to a mechanical intervention with a frontal roller-chopping,
in order to increase the grazing area and improve secondary productivity. The
study was carried out in Paraná Department (Entre Ríos, Argentina). On
15/12/2014 a mechanical intervention was carried out with a frontal
roller-chopping designed by the Chair Ecology of Agricultural Systems. To
evaluate the dynamics of the recovery of the natural grassland of the native
forest, seven measurements were made on the following dates: 15/05, 12/06,
28/07, 11/09, 27/10 and 21/12/2015, and 22/02/2016. The vegetation cover was
measured with the line intercept method and phytomass production. In each of
the evaluations, forage species cover was higher in the mechanically intervened
area, presenting significant differences with respect to the control and
registering an average relative increase of 47% at the end of the trial. In the
section where mechanical intervention had been made, the coverage of Baccharis
punctulata showed a marked decrease during all the measurements with respect to
the control, obtaining an average decrease of 91.8% at the end of the sampling.
Mechanical intervention enables the cover of shrubs that compete with natural
grassland in a degraded native forest to be reduced, while also recovering
forage vegetable species and thus improving primary production, due to a raise
in the forage availability because of increased grazing area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

shrub control, shrublands, secondary productivity, Baccharis spp., Roller-chopping, secondary productivity

Espinal Ekolojik Bölgesindeki bir ormanda mekanik müdahele ile çalılar üzerinde sağlanan iyileşme (Arjantin)

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/forestist.2018.392323

Dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde odunsu
bitkilerin işgali, ikincil üretim üzerinde beklenen olumsuz etki nedeniyle
canlı hayvan üretiminde uzun zamandır devam eden bir endişe kaynağı olmaktadır.
Yerli ormanlar dünyanın toprak yüzeyinin %30’unu kaplamaktadır. Entre Ríos’un
hayvancılık üretiminin büyük bir kısmı, yetersiz sığır yönetimine ve çalı
türlerinin istilasına bağlı olarak büyük ölçüde bozulmuş olan bu ekosistemlerde
geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, otlatma alanını arttırmak ve ikincil
verimi artırmak amacıyla, önden silindirli doğrama ile mekanik müdahaleye maruz
kalan, bozulmuş bir ormandaki doğal mera geri kazanımını değerlendirmektir.
Çalışma Paraná Bölgesi’nde (Entre Ríos, Arjantin) gerçekleştirilmiştir.
15/12/2014 tarihinde, Ziraat Sistemleri Kürsüsü Ekolojisi tarafından tasarlanan
bir önden silindirli doğrama makinesi ile mekanik bir müdahale
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğal ormanın doğal otlaklarının toparlanma dinamiklerini
değerlendirmek için, aşağıdaki tarihlerde yedi ölçüm yapılmıştır: 15/05, 12/06,
28/07, 11/09, 27/10 ve 21/12/2015 ve 22/02/2016. Bitki örtüsünün örtü hattı
kesilme yöntemi ve fitoma üretimi ile ölçülmüştür. Değerlendirmelerin her
birinde, yem türlerinin örtüleri mekanik olarak müdahale edilen alanda daha
yüksek bulunmuş olup, kontrol açısından önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Deneme çalışması sonunda ortalama %47’lik bir nispi artış kaydedilmiştir.
Mekanik müdahalenin yapıldığı bölgede, Baccharis punctulata’nın kapsamı, tüm
ölçümler sırasında kontrol açısından belirgin bir düşüş göstermiştir ve
örneklemenin sonunda %91,8’lik bir ortalama düşüş elde edilmiştir. Mekanik
müdahale ile bozulmuş otlak alanlardaki doğal otlakla rekabet eden çalı örtüsü
azaltılmış, aynı zamanda otları bitki türlerini geri kazanarak, otlatma
alanlarındaki yem artışı nedeniyle birincil üretimi iyileştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silindirli-doğrama, Baccharis spp., çalı kontrolü, fundalık, ikincil verimlilik

Kaynakça

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