The Examination of Geometric, Volumetric, Colour and Frictional Characteristics of Some Rice Cultivars
Öz
In this study, physical characteristics (geometric, volumetric), colour and frictional characteristics of the different rice cultivars were investigated. Gravimetric properties (geometric mean
diameter, sphericity, surface area), volumetric properties (bulk density, true density and porosity), colour characteristics (L*, a*, b*, Chroma, Hue angle, Brown index), and friction characteristics (static friction coefficient, angle of repose) were determined. The lowest geometric mean diameter was found for Nembo rice cultivar, whereas, the highest geometric mean diameter was found for Galileo cultivar, among five rice cultivars. The bulk density, true density and porosity values between 657.0 and 695.3 kg/m3, between 1029.0 and 1141.7 kg/m3 , between 33.84 and 38.80% among five cultivars, respectively. The highest bulk density and true density values were obtained from Osmancık-97; whereas, the lowest bulk density and true density values were obtained from Nembo rice cultivars, respectively. The minimum Chroma and Brown Index were obtained as 15.16 and 43.10 from Nembo cultivar; and the lowest L* and Hue angle were obtained from Vasco cultivar, respectively. The lowest static friction was found as 0.53 for rubber friction surface in Tosya Gunesi, the highest angle of repose was obtained as 25.96° from Galileo cultivar, respectively. Static friction and angle of repose values were found between 0.19 and 0.53, between 20.17° and 25.96° among five rice cultivars. Known of the physical characteristics (geometric, volumetric), colour and frictional characteristics of the different rice cultivars is very important to design of the machine and systems used in sowing, harvest, and postharvest applications.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Altuntas, E., Ozgoz, E., Taser, O.F., 2005. Some Physical Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 71, 37-43. Altuntas, E., Karadag, Y., 2006. Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.), Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) seeds. Journal of Applied Sciences. 6(6), 1373-1379. Altuntaş, E., Naneli, İ., 2017. Beyaz ve Siyah Kinoa Tohumlarının Geometrik, Hacimsel ve Sürtünme Özellikleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi. 6(14), 1-8. Anonim, 2014a. FAO, http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/ Anonim, 2014b. TUİK, Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı, http:/www. tuik.gov.tr/yillik/yillik.pdf, Erişim: Nisan 2016. Bernalte, M.J., Sabio, E., Hernandez, M.T., Gervasini, C. 2003. Influence of storage delay on quality of ‘‘Van’’ sweet cherry. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28: 303-312. Coskuner, Y., Karababa, E. 2007. Some Physical Properties of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 78, 1067–1073. Deshpande, S.D, Bal, S., Ojha, T.P. 1993. Physical Properties of Soybean Grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 56, 89-92. Gradge, PN., Prasad, K. 2012. Some Physical Properties of Rice Kernels: Variety PR-106. Food Processing & Technology, 3, 8 Gölükcü, M., Toker, R., Ayas, F., Çınar, N. 2014. Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Seed and Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oil. Derim, 31 (1): 17 – 24. Guha and Swaminathan (2016). Physical and Engineering Properties of Some Indian Paddy Cultivars and Their Interrelations. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science-Technology, Vol: 5, No:3. Gül, U. 2003. Çeltik. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ankara, sayı 3, nüsha 15. Ixtaina, V.Y., Nolasco, S.M., Tomás, M.C., 2008. Physical Properties of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3): 286–293. Jha, S.N., Kingsly, ARP., Sangeeta, C. 2005. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mango During Growth and Storage for Determination of Maturity. Journal of Food Engineering, 72: 73-76. Kaleemullah, S., Gunasekar, J.J. 2002. Moisture-Dependet Physical Properties of Arecanut Trues. Biosystem Engineering, 82: 331-338. Kato, Y., Katsuro, K., 2014. Rice Adaptation to Aerobic Soils: Physiological Considerations and Implications for Agronomy. Plant Produce Science, 17 (1), 1-12. Mc Guire, R. G. 1992. Reporting of Objective Color Measurements. Hort Science, 27: 1254-1255. Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Keyhanidness, A. 2008. Kinetic Models for Colour Changes in Kiwifruit Slices During Hot Air Drying. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (3): 376-383. Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical Properties Of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York. Olajide, J.D., Ade-Omowaye, B.I.O. 1999. Some Physical Properties of Locust Bean Seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 74, 213-215. Özarslan, C., 2002. Some Physical Properties of Cotton Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83, S: 169-174. Ghadge, P.N., Prasad, K. 2012. Some Physical Properties of Rice Kernels: Cultivar PR-106, In Journal of Food Processin Technology, Vol. 3. 1-5. Razavi, S. M. A., Farahmandfar, R., 2008. Effect of Hulling and Milling on The Physical Properties of Rice Grains. International Agrophysics, 22, 353-359. Sacilik, K., Ozturk, R., Keskin, R. 2003. Some Physical Proprieties of Hemp Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86: 191-198. Suthar, S.H., Das, S.K., 1996. Some Physical Properties of Karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf ] Grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65, S: 1522. Temür, G., 2016. Bazı Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) Çeşitlerinde Silisyumun Verim, Verim Öğeleri ve Kaliteye Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Tunde-Akindute TY., Akindute, B.O., 2004. Some Physical Properties of Sesame Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 88, 127-129. Varnamkhasti, M. G., Mobli, H., Jafari, A., Keyhani, A.R, Soltanabadi M. H., Rafiee, S., Kheiralipour, K. 2007. Some physical properties of rough rice (Oryza Sativa L.) grain. Journal of Cereal Science, 3(47), 496–501 Yodmanee, S., Karrila, T.T., Pakdeechanuan, P. 2011. Physical, Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pigmented Rice Grown in Southern Thailand. International Food Research Journal, 18(3), 901-906. Zhout, Z., Robards, K., Heliwell, S., Blanchard, C. 2002. Ageing of stored rice: Changes in chemical and physical attributes. Journal of Cereal Science, Vol.35, 65-78.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, farklı çeltik çeşitleri tohumlarının geometrik,
hacimsel, renk ve sürtünme karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Geometrik
özellikler (geometrik ortalama çap, yüzey alanı ve küresellik); hacimsel
özellikler (yığın hacim ağırlığı, gerçek hacim ağırlıkları, porozite); renk karakteristikleri
(L*,a*,b*, Kroma, Hue açısı ve Brown
Index (kahverengileşme indeksi)) ile sürtünme özellikleri (statik sürtünme
katsayısı ve yığılma açısı değerleri) belirlenmiştir. Geometrik ortalama çap değerleri; en düşük Nembo
çeşidinde bulunurken, Galileo 5 çeltik çeşidi arasında en yüksek bulunmuştur. Yığın
hacim ağırlığı, gerçek hacim ağırlığı ile porozite değerleri çeltik çeşitleri
için sırasıyla 657.0 -695.3 kg/m3, 1029.0-1141.7 kg/m3, %33.84-38.80
aralığında bulunmuştur. Osmancık-97 çeltik çeşidi en düşük yığın hacim ağırlığı,
gerçek hacim ağırlıkları ile porozite değerlerini verirken, çeltik çeşitleri
arasında bu hacimsel özellikler, en yüksek Nembo çeşidinde gözlenmiştir. Çeltik
çeşitleri arasında minimum Kroma ve Kahverengileşme indeksi değerleri sırasıyla
15.16 ve 43.10 değerleriyle Nembo çeşidinde bulunurken, L* ve Hue açısı değerleri Vasco çeltik çeşidinde en düşük değerde
görülmüştür. Statik sürtünme katsayısı sırasıyla en yüksek 0.53 değeriyle
lastik sürtünme yüzeyi ve Tosya Güneşi çeşidinde görülürken, doğal yığılma
açısı değeri de, Galileo çeşidinde 37.85° değeriyle bulunmuştur. Sürtünme
katsayısı değerleri ile yığılma açısı değerleri, çeşitler arasında sırasıyla
0.19-0.53 ile 32.18-37.85 değerleri arasında bulunmuştur. Çeltik çeşitleri
tohumlarının geometrik, hacimsel,
renk ve sürtünme özelliklerinin
bilinmesi, başlıca ekim, hasat ve hasat sonrası teknolojik uygulamalarda
kullanılacak makine ve sistemlerin tasarım ve projelendirilmesinde çok
önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çeltik Geometrik Ortalama Çap Kroma Statik Sürtünme Katsayısı
Kaynakça
- Altuntas, E., Ozgoz, E., Taser, O.F., 2005. Some Physical Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 71, 37-43. Altuntas, E., Karadag, Y., 2006. Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.), Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) seeds. Journal of Applied Sciences. 6(6), 1373-1379. Altuntaş, E., Naneli, İ., 2017. Beyaz ve Siyah Kinoa Tohumlarının Geometrik, Hacimsel ve Sürtünme Özellikleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi. 6(14), 1-8. Anonim, 2014a. FAO, http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/ Anonim, 2014b. TUİK, Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı, http:/www. tuik.gov.tr/yillik/yillik.pdf, Erişim: Nisan 2016. Bernalte, M.J., Sabio, E., Hernandez, M.T., Gervasini, C. 2003. Influence of storage delay on quality of ‘‘Van’’ sweet cherry. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28: 303-312. Coskuner, Y., Karababa, E. 2007. Some Physical Properties of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 78, 1067–1073. Deshpande, S.D, Bal, S., Ojha, T.P. 1993. Physical Properties of Soybean Grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 56, 89-92. Gradge, PN., Prasad, K. 2012. Some Physical Properties of Rice Kernels: Variety PR-106. Food Processing & Technology, 3, 8 Gölükcü, M., Toker, R., Ayas, F., Çınar, N. 2014. Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Seed and Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oil. Derim, 31 (1): 17 – 24. Guha and Swaminathan (2016). Physical and Engineering Properties of Some Indian Paddy Cultivars and Their Interrelations. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science-Technology, Vol: 5, No:3. Gül, U. 2003. Çeltik. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ankara, sayı 3, nüsha 15. Ixtaina, V.Y., Nolasco, S.M., Tomás, M.C., 2008. Physical Properties of Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3): 286–293. Jha, S.N., Kingsly, ARP., Sangeeta, C. 2005. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mango During Growth and Storage for Determination of Maturity. Journal of Food Engineering, 72: 73-76. Kaleemullah, S., Gunasekar, J.J. 2002. Moisture-Dependet Physical Properties of Arecanut Trues. Biosystem Engineering, 82: 331-338. Kato, Y., Katsuro, K., 2014. Rice Adaptation to Aerobic Soils: Physiological Considerations and Implications for Agronomy. Plant Produce Science, 17 (1), 1-12. Mc Guire, R. G. 1992. Reporting of Objective Color Measurements. Hort Science, 27: 1254-1255. Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Keyhanidness, A. 2008. Kinetic Models for Colour Changes in Kiwifruit Slices During Hot Air Drying. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (3): 376-383. Mohsenin, N.N. 1986. Physical Properties Of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York. Olajide, J.D., Ade-Omowaye, B.I.O. 1999. Some Physical Properties of Locust Bean Seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 74, 213-215. Özarslan, C., 2002. Some Physical Properties of Cotton Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83, S: 169-174. Ghadge, P.N., Prasad, K. 2012. Some Physical Properties of Rice Kernels: Cultivar PR-106, In Journal of Food Processin Technology, Vol. 3. 1-5. Razavi, S. M. A., Farahmandfar, R., 2008. Effect of Hulling and Milling on The Physical Properties of Rice Grains. International Agrophysics, 22, 353-359. Sacilik, K., Ozturk, R., Keskin, R. 2003. Some Physical Proprieties of Hemp Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86: 191-198. Suthar, S.H., Das, S.K., 1996. Some Physical Properties of Karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf ] Grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65, S: 1522. Temür, G., 2016. Bazı Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) Çeşitlerinde Silisyumun Verim, Verim Öğeleri ve Kaliteye Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Tunde-Akindute TY., Akindute, B.O., 2004. Some Physical Properties of Sesame Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 88, 127-129. Varnamkhasti, M. G., Mobli, H., Jafari, A., Keyhani, A.R, Soltanabadi M. H., Rafiee, S., Kheiralipour, K. 2007. Some physical properties of rough rice (Oryza Sativa L.) grain. Journal of Cereal Science, 3(47), 496–501 Yodmanee, S., Karrila, T.T., Pakdeechanuan, P. 2011. Physical, Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pigmented Rice Grown in Southern Thailand. International Food Research Journal, 18(3), 901-906. Zhout, Z., Robards, K., Heliwell, S., Blanchard, C. 2002. Ageing of stored rice: Changes in chemical and physical attributes. Journal of Cereal Science, Vol.35, 65-78.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 |