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ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 95 - 103, 13.02.2017

Öz

Uzun yıllardır üzüm
yetiştiriciliğinde önemli bir konumda bulunan ülkemizde, üzüm işleyen
işletmelerin atığı olarak her yıl açığa çıkan tonlarca üzüm posasının
değerlendirilmesi, ülke ekonomisi için her geçen gün önem kazanmaktadır. Bu
anlamda üzüm çekirdek yağı, sahip olduğu zengin biyoaktif bileşikler nedeniyle
gıda, farmasotik ve kozmetik sektörlerince oldukça popüler bir ürün haline
gelmiştir. Üzüm çekirdeği yağının ekstraksiyonunda soğuk pres yöntemi hem
bileşenlere zarar vermemesi, hem de maliyetinin düşük olması nedeniyle en
yaygın kullanılan yöntem olmasına rağmen, günümüzde soğuk pres yönteminde
verimin düşük olması, daha yüksek verimle ekstraksiyon gerçekleştirebilen
(çözücü destekli, süper-kritik sıvı destekli, mikrodalga destekli, ultrases
destekli, enzim destekli vb.) farklı yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine olanak
sağlamıştır. Bu derlemede üzüm çekirdeği yağı ekstraksiyonunda kullanılan
önemli ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin olumlu ve olumsuz özellikleri ayrıntılı
olarak ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. FAO 2015. Year Production, Statistics, FAOSTAT, Grape Production. http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E Erişim tarihi: 5 Mayıs 2015.
  • 2. Brianceau S, Turk M, Vitrac X, Vorobiev E. 2015. Combined densification and pulsed electric field treatment for selective polyphenols recovery from fermented grape pomace. Innov Food Sci Emerg, 29: 2-8.
  • 3. Semerci A, Kızıltuğ T, Çelik AD, Kiracı MA. 2015. Türkiye bağcılığının genel durumu. MKU Ziraat Fak Der, 20 (2): 45-51.
  • 4. TÜİK. 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Verileri. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001 (Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2016).
  • 5. Demirtaş İ, Pelvan E, Özdemir İS, Alasalvar C, Ertaş, E. 2013. Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech, 115: 641-647.
  • 6. Barba F J, Zhu Z, Koubaa M, Sant’ana AS. 2016. Green alternative methods for the extraction of antioxidant bioactive compounds from winery wastes and by-products. Trends Food Sci Tech, 49: 96-109.
  • 7. Teixeira A, Baenas N, Dominguez-Perles R, Barros A, Rosa E, Moreno DA, Garcia-Viguera C. 2014. Natural bioactive compounds from winery by-products as health promoters. Int J Mol Sci, 15: 15638-15678.
  • 8. Fiori L. 2007. Grape seed oil supercritical extraction kinetic and solubility data: Critical approach and modeling. J Supercrit Fluid, 43: 43-54.
  • 9. Pehlivan EC, Uzun Hİ. 2015. Shiraz üzüm çeşidinde salkım seyreltmesinin verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. YYÜ Tarım Bil Der, 25(2): 119-126.
  • 10. Barbieri L, Andreola F, Lancellotti I, Taurino R. 2013. Management of agricultural biomass wastes: Preliminary study on characterization and valorisation in clay matrix bricks. Waste Manage, 33: 2307-2315.
  • 11. Rombaut N, Savoire R, Thomasset B, Castello J, Van Hecke E, Lanoisellè. 2015. Optimization of oil yield and oil total phenolic content during grapeseed cold screw pressing. Ind Crop Prod, 63: 26-33.
  • 12. Hanganu A, Todaşcă M-C, Chira N-A, Maganu M, Roşca S. 2012. The compositional characterisation of Romanian grape seed oils using spectroscopic methods. Food Chem, 134: 2453-2458.
  • 13. Karaman S, Karasu S, Tornuk F, Toker OS, Geçgel Ü, Sağdıç O, Özcan N, Gül O. 2015. Recovery potential of cold press byproducts obtained from the edible oil industry: Physicochemical, bioactive, and antimicrobial properties. J Agr Food Chem, 63: 2305-2513.
  • 14. Sabir A, Ünver A, Kara Z. 2012. The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil extracted from 21 grape varieties (Vitis spp.). J Sci Food Agr, 92: 1982-1987.
  • 15. Fernandes L, Casal S, Cruz R, Pereira J A, Ramalhosa E. 2013. Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Res Int, 50: 161-166.
  • 16. Rubio M, Alvarez-Ortí M, Alvarruiz A, Fernàndez E, Pardo JE. 2009. Characterization of oil obtained from grape seeds collected during berry development. J Agr Food Chem, 57: 2812-2815.
  • 17. Podolyan A, White J, Jordan B, Winefield C. 2010. Identification of the lipoxygenase gene family from Vitis vinifera and biochemical characterisation of two 13-lipoxygenases expressed in grape berries of Sauvignon Blanc. Funct Plant Biol, 37: 767-784.
  • 18. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, Jahurul MHA, Ghafoor K, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM. 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. J Food Eng, 117: 426-436.
  • 19. Da Porto C, Porretto E, Decorti D. 2013. Comparison of ultrasound-assisted extraction with conventional extraction methods of oil and polyphenols from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds. Ultrason Sonochem, 20: 1076-1080.
  • 20. Malićanin M, Rac V, Antić V, Antić M, Palade LM, Kefalas P, Rakić V. 2014. Content of antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of grape seed oil obtained by ultra sound assisted extraction. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 91: 989-999.
  • 21. Campbell KA, Vaca-Medina G, Glatz CE, Pontalier P-Y. 2016. Parameters affecting enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of extruded sunflower meal. Food Chem, 208: 245-251.
  • 22. Maier T, Schieber A, Kammerer DR, Carle R. 2009. Residues of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil production as a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants. Food Chem, 112: 551-559.
  • 23. Lutterodt H, Slavin M, Whent M, Turner E, Yu L. 2011. Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of selected cold-pressed grape seed oils and flours. Food Chem, 128: 391-399.
  • 24. Karabaş H. 2013. Soğuk pres ve solvent ekstraksiyon teknikleri ile üretilen aspir yağı ve aspir biyodizellerinin yağ ve yakıt özelliklerinin incelenmesi. 28. Ulusal Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Kongresi, 4-6 Eylül, Konya, Türkiye, 30-36.
  • 25. Zhao X, Wei L, Julson J, Huang Y. 2014. Investigated cold press oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds for future bio-jet fuels production. J Sust Bioenergy Syst, 4: 199-214.
  • 26. Kamau JM, Nanua JN. 2008. Storage stabilitiy of ram press extracted semi-refined sunflower oil. Agric Trop Subtrop, 41 (3): 106-109.
  • 27. Fernàndez CM, Fiori L, Ramos MJ, Pérez À, Rodríguez JF. 2015. Supercritical extraction and fractionation of Jatropha curcas L. oil for biodiesel production. J Supercrit Fluid, 97: 100-106.
  • 28. Rombaut N, Savoire R, Thomasset B, Bélliard T, Castello J, Van Hecke É, Lanoisellé J-L. 2014. Grape seed oil extraction: Interest of supercritical fluid extraction and gas-assisted mechanical extraction for enhancing polyphenol co-extraction in oil. CR Chim, 17: 284-292.
  • 29. Isobe S, Zuber F, Uemura K, Noguchi A. 1992. A new twin-screw press design for oil extraction of dehulled sunflower seeds. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 69 (9): 884-889.
  • 30. Bai X, Naghdi FG, Ye L, Lant P, Pratt S. 2014. Enhanced lipid extraction from Algae using free nitrous acid pretreatment. Bioresource Technol, 159: 36-40.
  • 31. Nielsen SS (ed). 2010. Food Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, USA, 550 p.
  • 32. Halim R, Danquah MK, Webley PA. 2012. Extraction of oil from Microalgae for biodiesel production. Biotechnol Adv, 30: 709-732.
  • 33. ElZibair NMK. 2015. Phyto-chemical screening of seedsand physicochemical characterization of the oil of Citrullus Colocynthis. Ph. D. Dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan, 44 p.
  • 34. Fornari T, Vicente G, Vàzquez E, García-Risco MR, Reglero G. 2012. Isolation of essential oil from different plants and herbs by supercritical fluid extraction. J Chromatogr A, 1250: 34-48.
  • 35. Martin L, Skinner C, Mariott RJ. 2015. Supercritical extraction of oil seed rape: Energetic evaluation ofprocess scale. J Supercrit Fluid, 105: 55-59.
  • 36. Lindy J (ed). 2015. Supercritical fluid extraction technology, applications and limitations. Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA, 143 p.
  • 37. Jokić S, Bijuk M, Aladić K, Bilić M, Molnar M. 2016. Optimisation of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Tech, 51: 403-410.
  • 38. Büyüktuncel E. 2012. Gelişmiş ekstraksiyon teknikleri. Hacettepe Üni Eczacılık Fak Der, 32 (2): 209-242.
  • 39. Terigar BG, Balasubramanian S, Sabliov CM, Lima M, Boldor D. 2011. Soybean and rice bran oil extraction in a continuous microwave system: From laboratory- to pilot-scale. J Food Eng, 104: 208-217.
  • 40. Tunç İ, Çalışkan F, Özkan G, Karacabey E. 2014. Mikrodalga destekli soxhlet cihazı ile fındık yağı ekstraksiyonunun yanıt yüzey yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Akad Gıda, 12 : 20-28.
  • 41. Kaya D, Ergönül PG. 2015. Uçucu yağları elde etme yöntemleri. Gıda, 40 (5): 303-310.
  • 42. Oomah BD, Liang J, Godfrey D, Mazza G. 1998. Microwave heating of grapeseed: Effect on oil quality. J Agr Food Chem, 46: 4017-4021.
  • 43. Filly A, Fernandez X, Minuti M, Visinoni F, Cravotto G, Chemat F. 2014. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: From laboratory to pilot and industrial scale. Food Chem, 150: 193-198.
  • 44. Zhang DY, Yao XH, Luo M, Zhao CJ, Yu YJ. 2016. Optimization of negative pressure cavitation–microwave assisted extraction of yellow horn seed oil and its application on the biodiesel production. Fuel, 166: 67-72.
  • 45. Bayraktaroğlu G, Obuz E. 2006. Ultrasound yönteminin ilkeleri ve gıda endüstrisinde kullanımı. 9. Gıda Kongresi, 24-26 Mayıs, Bolu, Türkiye, 57-60.
  • 46. Vilkhu K, Mawson R, Simons L, Bates D. 2008. Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry. Innov Food Sci Emerg, 9: 161–169.
  • 47. Samaram S, Mirhosseini H, Tan CP, Ghazali HM. 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solvent extraction of papaya seedoil: Crystallization and thermal behavior, saturation degree, color andoxidative stability. Ind Crop Prod, 52: 702-708.
  • 48. de Moura JMLN, Campbell K, Mahfuz A, Jung S, Glatz CE, Johnson L. 2008. Enzyme assisted aqueous extraction of oil and protein from soybeans and cream de-emulsification. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 85: 985-995.
  • 49. Passos PC, Yilmaz S, Silva CM, Coimbra MA. 2009. Enhancement of grape seed oil extraction using a cell wall degrading enzyme cocktail. Food Chem, 115: 48-53.
  • 50. Yusoff MM, Gordon MH, Niranjan K. 2015. Aqueous enzyme assisted oil extraction from oilseeds and emulsion de-emulsifying methods. Trends Food Sci & Technol, 41: 60-82.

THE EXTRACTION METHODS OF GRAPE SEED OIL

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 95 - 103, 13.02.2017

Öz

Valorization
of grape marc, is a refuse of grape processing factories revealing each year in
tons, is gaining an economic importance for the Turkey which has a significant
position in viticulture for many years. In this manner, grape seed oil has
become a popular product for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due
to its rich bioactive components. Although, the cold press method is the most
used one for the grape seed oil extraction as both being innocuous for oil constituents
and having low cost; limited yield of this method lead to progress various
methods (solvent assisted, supercritic liquid assisted, microwave assisted,
ultrasound assisted, enzyme assisted etc.) which are able to carry out higher
extraction yields so far. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of
important methods used for grape seed oil extraction were discussed in detail.

Kaynakça

  • 1. FAO 2015. Year Production, Statistics, FAOSTAT, Grape Production. http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E Erişim tarihi: 5 Mayıs 2015.
  • 2. Brianceau S, Turk M, Vitrac X, Vorobiev E. 2015. Combined densification and pulsed electric field treatment for selective polyphenols recovery from fermented grape pomace. Innov Food Sci Emerg, 29: 2-8.
  • 3. Semerci A, Kızıltuğ T, Çelik AD, Kiracı MA. 2015. Türkiye bağcılığının genel durumu. MKU Ziraat Fak Der, 20 (2): 45-51.
  • 4. TÜİK. 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Verileri. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001 (Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2016).
  • 5. Demirtaş İ, Pelvan E, Özdemir İS, Alasalvar C, Ertaş, E. 2013. Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech, 115: 641-647.
  • 6. Barba F J, Zhu Z, Koubaa M, Sant’ana AS. 2016. Green alternative methods for the extraction of antioxidant bioactive compounds from winery wastes and by-products. Trends Food Sci Tech, 49: 96-109.
  • 7. Teixeira A, Baenas N, Dominguez-Perles R, Barros A, Rosa E, Moreno DA, Garcia-Viguera C. 2014. Natural bioactive compounds from winery by-products as health promoters. Int J Mol Sci, 15: 15638-15678.
  • 8. Fiori L. 2007. Grape seed oil supercritical extraction kinetic and solubility data: Critical approach and modeling. J Supercrit Fluid, 43: 43-54.
  • 9. Pehlivan EC, Uzun Hİ. 2015. Shiraz üzüm çeşidinde salkım seyreltmesinin verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. YYÜ Tarım Bil Der, 25(2): 119-126.
  • 10. Barbieri L, Andreola F, Lancellotti I, Taurino R. 2013. Management of agricultural biomass wastes: Preliminary study on characterization and valorisation in clay matrix bricks. Waste Manage, 33: 2307-2315.
  • 11. Rombaut N, Savoire R, Thomasset B, Castello J, Van Hecke E, Lanoisellè. 2015. Optimization of oil yield and oil total phenolic content during grapeseed cold screw pressing. Ind Crop Prod, 63: 26-33.
  • 12. Hanganu A, Todaşcă M-C, Chira N-A, Maganu M, Roşca S. 2012. The compositional characterisation of Romanian grape seed oils using spectroscopic methods. Food Chem, 134: 2453-2458.
  • 13. Karaman S, Karasu S, Tornuk F, Toker OS, Geçgel Ü, Sağdıç O, Özcan N, Gül O. 2015. Recovery potential of cold press byproducts obtained from the edible oil industry: Physicochemical, bioactive, and antimicrobial properties. J Agr Food Chem, 63: 2305-2513.
  • 14. Sabir A, Ünver A, Kara Z. 2012. The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil extracted from 21 grape varieties (Vitis spp.). J Sci Food Agr, 92: 1982-1987.
  • 15. Fernandes L, Casal S, Cruz R, Pereira J A, Ramalhosa E. 2013. Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Res Int, 50: 161-166.
  • 16. Rubio M, Alvarez-Ortí M, Alvarruiz A, Fernàndez E, Pardo JE. 2009. Characterization of oil obtained from grape seeds collected during berry development. J Agr Food Chem, 57: 2812-2815.
  • 17. Podolyan A, White J, Jordan B, Winefield C. 2010. Identification of the lipoxygenase gene family from Vitis vinifera and biochemical characterisation of two 13-lipoxygenases expressed in grape berries of Sauvignon Blanc. Funct Plant Biol, 37: 767-784.
  • 18. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F, Jahurul MHA, Ghafoor K, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM. 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. J Food Eng, 117: 426-436.
  • 19. Da Porto C, Porretto E, Decorti D. 2013. Comparison of ultrasound-assisted extraction with conventional extraction methods of oil and polyphenols from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds. Ultrason Sonochem, 20: 1076-1080.
  • 20. Malićanin M, Rac V, Antić V, Antić M, Palade LM, Kefalas P, Rakić V. 2014. Content of antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of grape seed oil obtained by ultra sound assisted extraction. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 91: 989-999.
  • 21. Campbell KA, Vaca-Medina G, Glatz CE, Pontalier P-Y. 2016. Parameters affecting enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of extruded sunflower meal. Food Chem, 208: 245-251.
  • 22. Maier T, Schieber A, Kammerer DR, Carle R. 2009. Residues of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil production as a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants. Food Chem, 112: 551-559.
  • 23. Lutterodt H, Slavin M, Whent M, Turner E, Yu L. 2011. Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of selected cold-pressed grape seed oils and flours. Food Chem, 128: 391-399.
  • 24. Karabaş H. 2013. Soğuk pres ve solvent ekstraksiyon teknikleri ile üretilen aspir yağı ve aspir biyodizellerinin yağ ve yakıt özelliklerinin incelenmesi. 28. Ulusal Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Kongresi, 4-6 Eylül, Konya, Türkiye, 30-36.
  • 25. Zhao X, Wei L, Julson J, Huang Y. 2014. Investigated cold press oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds for future bio-jet fuels production. J Sust Bioenergy Syst, 4: 199-214.
  • 26. Kamau JM, Nanua JN. 2008. Storage stabilitiy of ram press extracted semi-refined sunflower oil. Agric Trop Subtrop, 41 (3): 106-109.
  • 27. Fernàndez CM, Fiori L, Ramos MJ, Pérez À, Rodríguez JF. 2015. Supercritical extraction and fractionation of Jatropha curcas L. oil for biodiesel production. J Supercrit Fluid, 97: 100-106.
  • 28. Rombaut N, Savoire R, Thomasset B, Bélliard T, Castello J, Van Hecke É, Lanoisellé J-L. 2014. Grape seed oil extraction: Interest of supercritical fluid extraction and gas-assisted mechanical extraction for enhancing polyphenol co-extraction in oil. CR Chim, 17: 284-292.
  • 29. Isobe S, Zuber F, Uemura K, Noguchi A. 1992. A new twin-screw press design for oil extraction of dehulled sunflower seeds. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 69 (9): 884-889.
  • 30. Bai X, Naghdi FG, Ye L, Lant P, Pratt S. 2014. Enhanced lipid extraction from Algae using free nitrous acid pretreatment. Bioresource Technol, 159: 36-40.
  • 31. Nielsen SS (ed). 2010. Food Analysis. Springer, New York, NY, USA, 550 p.
  • 32. Halim R, Danquah MK, Webley PA. 2012. Extraction of oil from Microalgae for biodiesel production. Biotechnol Adv, 30: 709-732.
  • 33. ElZibair NMK. 2015. Phyto-chemical screening of seedsand physicochemical characterization of the oil of Citrullus Colocynthis. Ph. D. Dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan, 44 p.
  • 34. Fornari T, Vicente G, Vàzquez E, García-Risco MR, Reglero G. 2012. Isolation of essential oil from different plants and herbs by supercritical fluid extraction. J Chromatogr A, 1250: 34-48.
  • 35. Martin L, Skinner C, Mariott RJ. 2015. Supercritical extraction of oil seed rape: Energetic evaluation ofprocess scale. J Supercrit Fluid, 105: 55-59.
  • 36. Lindy J (ed). 2015. Supercritical fluid extraction technology, applications and limitations. Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA, 143 p.
  • 37. Jokić S, Bijuk M, Aladić K, Bilić M, Molnar M. 2016. Optimisation of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Tech, 51: 403-410.
  • 38. Büyüktuncel E. 2012. Gelişmiş ekstraksiyon teknikleri. Hacettepe Üni Eczacılık Fak Der, 32 (2): 209-242.
  • 39. Terigar BG, Balasubramanian S, Sabliov CM, Lima M, Boldor D. 2011. Soybean and rice bran oil extraction in a continuous microwave system: From laboratory- to pilot-scale. J Food Eng, 104: 208-217.
  • 40. Tunç İ, Çalışkan F, Özkan G, Karacabey E. 2014. Mikrodalga destekli soxhlet cihazı ile fındık yağı ekstraksiyonunun yanıt yüzey yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Akad Gıda, 12 : 20-28.
  • 41. Kaya D, Ergönül PG. 2015. Uçucu yağları elde etme yöntemleri. Gıda, 40 (5): 303-310.
  • 42. Oomah BD, Liang J, Godfrey D, Mazza G. 1998. Microwave heating of grapeseed: Effect on oil quality. J Agr Food Chem, 46: 4017-4021.
  • 43. Filly A, Fernandez X, Minuti M, Visinoni F, Cravotto G, Chemat F. 2014. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: From laboratory to pilot and industrial scale. Food Chem, 150: 193-198.
  • 44. Zhang DY, Yao XH, Luo M, Zhao CJ, Yu YJ. 2016. Optimization of negative pressure cavitation–microwave assisted extraction of yellow horn seed oil and its application on the biodiesel production. Fuel, 166: 67-72.
  • 45. Bayraktaroğlu G, Obuz E. 2006. Ultrasound yönteminin ilkeleri ve gıda endüstrisinde kullanımı. 9. Gıda Kongresi, 24-26 Mayıs, Bolu, Türkiye, 57-60.
  • 46. Vilkhu K, Mawson R, Simons L, Bates D. 2008. Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry. Innov Food Sci Emerg, 9: 161–169.
  • 47. Samaram S, Mirhosseini H, Tan CP, Ghazali HM. 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and solvent extraction of papaya seedoil: Crystallization and thermal behavior, saturation degree, color andoxidative stability. Ind Crop Prod, 52: 702-708.
  • 48. de Moura JMLN, Campbell K, Mahfuz A, Jung S, Glatz CE, Johnson L. 2008. Enzyme assisted aqueous extraction of oil and protein from soybeans and cream de-emulsification. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 85: 985-995.
  • 49. Passos PC, Yilmaz S, Silva CM, Coimbra MA. 2009. Enhancement of grape seed oil extraction using a cell wall degrading enzyme cocktail. Food Chem, 115: 48-53.
  • 50. Yusoff MM, Gordon MH, Niranjan K. 2015. Aqueous enzyme assisted oil extraction from oilseeds and emulsion de-emulsifying methods. Trends Food Sci & Technol, 41: 60-82.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Onur Sevindik Bu kişi benim

Serkan Selli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Şubat 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sevindik, O., & Selli, S. (2017). ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Gıda, 42(1), 95-103.
AMA Sevindik O, Selli S. ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ. GIDA. Şubat 2017;42(1):95-103.
Chicago Sevindik, Onur, ve Serkan Selli. “ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Gıda 42, sy. 1 (Şubat 2017): 95-103.
EndNote Sevindik O, Selli S (01 Şubat 2017) ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Gıda 42 1 95–103.
IEEE O. Sevindik ve S. Selli, “ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ”, GIDA, c. 42, sy. 1, ss. 95–103, 2017.
ISNAD Sevindik, Onur - Selli, Serkan. “ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Gıda 42/1 (Şubat 2017), 95-103.
JAMA Sevindik O, Selli S. ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ. GIDA. 2017;42:95–103.
MLA Sevindik, Onur ve Serkan Selli. “ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Gıda, c. 42, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 95-103.
Vancouver Sevindik O, Selli S. ÜZÜM ÇEKİRDEK YAĞI ELDESİNDE KULLANILAN EKSTRAKSİYON YÖNTEMLERİ. GIDA. 2017;42(1):95-103.

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