KONVANSİYONEL EKSTRAKSİYONA ALTERNATİF: YEŞİL TEKNOLOJİLER

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 5, 514 - 526, 15.10.2017

Naciye Kutlu Gülen Yeşilören Aslı İşci Özge Şakıyan

Öz

Ekstraksiyon,
endüstriyel uygulamalar ve analitik amaçlar için oldukça önemlidir. Bu alandaki
çalışmalar çoğunlukla gıdaların fonksiyonel özelliklerinin zenginleştirilmesinde
kullanılan antosiyanin, fenolik bileşikler gibi gıda bileşiklerinin eldesinde
yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu noktada, çalışılan ekstraksiyon tekniğinin çevre dostu
olması yanında, ekstraksiyonu hedeflenen bileşik üzerinde meydana gelebilecek
olumsuz etkilerin de azaltılması önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla birçok yeni
teknik geliştirilmekte ve çeşitli gıdalarda çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Son
yıllarda, geleneksel ekstraksiyon yöntemlerine alternatif olarak geliştirilen
yeşil ekstraksiyon yöntemleri ile solvent kullanımının ve ekstraksiyon
süresinin azaltılması yanında verimin arttırılması da hedeflenmektedir. Bu
derleme, son yıllarda sıklıkla kullanılan yeşil ekstraksiyon tekniklerinin
(mikrodalga, ultrases, yüksek basınç, vurgulu elektrik alan, ohmik ve süperkritik
akışkan ekstraksiyon) prensiplerine, avantajlarına ve kullanım alanlarına
odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon, ultrases destekli ekstraksiyon, ohmik destekli ekstraksiyon, vurgulu elektrik alan destekli ekstraksiyon, yüksek basınç destekli ekstraksiyon, süperkritik akışkan ekstraksiyon

ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION: GREEN TECHNOLOGIES

Öz

Extraction is an
important method for analytical and industrial applications. The studies
related to this subject mostly focus on the extraction of compounds such as
anthocyanins, phenolic compounds which can be used for the production of
functional foods. It is important to protect not only the extracted compounds
from the adverse effects of extraction but also the environment by employing
green extraction techniques. Hence, new technologies are being developed and
studies are being conducted with different foods. Recently, it is aimed to
reduce the solvent consumption and extraction time by employing new green extraction
methods which are developed as alternatives to conventional methods. This
article reviews the most commonly employed green extraction methods (microwave,
ultrasound, high pressure, pulsed electric field, ohmic and supercritical fluid
extraction) by focusing on the principals, advantages and applications of the
new methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microwave assisted extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, ohmic assisted extraction, pulsed electric field assisted extraction, high pressure assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction

Kaynakça

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