HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı

Kadriye Sayın Kasar; Yasemin Yıldırım

HIV/AIDS Patients with Fatigue and Nursing Care

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 72 - 79, 01.04.2016

Öz

HIV/AIDS; shorten the healthy life expectancy, treatment and follow-up required is a serious public health problem affecting all sectors of society.Although there is a large number of signs and symptoms in patients with HIV/AIDS, fatigue is one of the most common and distressing symptoms.Fatigue decreased quality of life in these individuals, the functional state of weakness and leads to a decrease of highly active antiretroviral treatment compliance level. Therefore, accurate assessment of fatigue, effective treatment and nursing care of the underlying cause is important. Nurses properly assessing noticing fatigue living individuals related to HIV, nutrition, are important roles such activity and monitoring how it changed the timing of the fatigue level in conjunction with sleep patterns and helping to identify priorities for daily and weekly activities of these individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HIV/AIDS, Fatigue, Nursing Care

Kaynakça

Babayiğit MA, Bakır B. HIV Enfeksıyonu ve AIDS: Epidemiyoloji ve Korunma. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2004; 3 (11):280-290.
Zorlu M, Çalım Sİ. İşyerinde Damgalama ve Ayrımcılık Faktörü Olarak HIV/AIDS. Çalışma ve Toplum, Ekonomi ve Hukuk Dergisi 2012; 4(35):165-188.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2014. URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/. [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mart 2015].
Tümer A. HIV/AIDS Epidemiyolojisi ve Korunma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi HIV/AIDS Tedavi ve Araştırma Merkezi (HATAM). URL: http://www.hatam.hacettepe.edu.tr/Epid_web_A.T_2015.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2015] .
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, HIV/AIDS Veri Tabloları, 2014. URL: http://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR/ana-sayfa/1-0/20150526.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 10 Mart 2015].
Can G. Kanser Hastalarında Yorgunluk. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2006; 3(2):10-17.
Breitbart W, McDonald MV, Rosenfeld B, Monkman ND, Passik S. Fatigue in Ambulatory AIDS Patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998; 15(3): 159-167.
Cleary PD, Fowler FJ, Weissman J, Massagli MP ,Wilson I, Seage, GR et al. Health Related Quality of Life in Persons with Acquired İmmune Deficiency Syndrome. Medical Care 1993; 31(7): 569-580.
Cunningham WE, Shapiro MF, Hays RD, Dixon WJ, Visscher BR, George L et al. Constitutional Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic HIV Disease. American Journal of Medicine 1998; 104(2): 129-136.
Darko DF, Miller JC, Galen C, White J, Koziol J, Brown SJ et al. Sleep Electroencephalogram Delta-Frequency Amplitude, Night Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Human İmmunodeficiency Virus İnfection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 1995; 92(26): 12080-12084.
Jones SG. The Other Side of The Pill Bottle: The Lived Experience of HIV-Positive Nurses on HIV Combination Drug Therapy. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2002; 13 (4): 22-36.
Adinolfi A. Assessment and Treatment of HIV-related Fatigue. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2001; 12 (29): 29-34.
Barroso J, Carlson JR, Meynell J, Physiological and Psychological Markers Associated with HIV-related Fatigue. Clinical Nursing Research 2003; 12(1): 49-68.
Corless IB, Bunch EH, Kemppainen JK, Holzemer WL, Nokes KM, et al. Self-care for Fatigue in Patients with HIV. Oncology Nursing Forum 2002; 29(5): 60-69.
Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Kaim M, Funesti-Esch J. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Psychostimulants Fort He Treament of Fatigue in Ambulatory Patients with Human İmmunodeficiency Virus Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001; 161(3): 411-420.
Rabkin JG, Mc Elhiney MC, Rabkin R. Treatment of HIV-related Fatigue with Armodafinil: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry 2011; 52 (4): 328-336.
Vogl D, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W, Thaler H, Passik S, McDonald M, et al. Symptom Prevalence, Characteristics and Distress in AIDS Outpatients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1999;18(4): 253–262.
Duracinsky M, Herrmann S, Berzins B, et al. The Development of PROQOL-HIV: An International Instrument to Assess the Health-related Quality of Life of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2012; 59(5): 498-505.
Jong E, Oudhoff LA, Epskamp C et al. Predictors and Treatment Strategies of HIV-related Fatigue in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2010; 24(10): 1387-1405.
Voss JG. Predictors and Correlates of Fatigue in People Living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2005; 29(5): 173-184.
Phillips KD, Sowell RL, Rojas M, Tavakoli A, Fulk LJ, Hand GA. Physiological and Psychological Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Disease. Biologıcal Research for Nursing 2004; 6(1):59-74.
Groopman JE. Fatigue in Cancer and HIV/AIDS. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 1998, 12(3):335-344.
Henderson M, Safa F, Easterbrook P, Hotopf M. Fatigue Among HIV-infected Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. HIV Medicine 2005; 6 (5): 347-352.
Barroso J, Joachim G. Fatigue in HIV and AIDS: An Analysis of Evidence. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses In AIDS Care 2013; 24(1): 5-14.
Crystal S, Fleishman JA, Hays RD, Shapiro MF, Bozzette SA. Physical and Role Functioning Among Persons with HIV: Results from a Nationally Resprentative Survey. Medical Care 2000; 38(12): 1210-23.
Duran S, Spire B, Raffi F, Walter V, Bouhour D, Journot V et al. Self-Reported Symptoms After Initiation of a Protease Inhibitor in HIVInfected Patients And Their Impact On Adherence To HAART. HIV Clinical Trials 2001; 2(1):38-45.
Henry SB, Holzemer WL, Weaver K, Stotts N. Quality Of Life And Self-Care Management Strategies Of Plwas With Chronic Diarrhea. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses in AIDS Care 1999; 10(2): 46-54.
Trotta MP, Ammassari A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Zaccarelli M, Castelli F, Narciso P et al. Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is Better in Patients Receiving Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-containing Regimens than in those Receiving Protease Inhibitor-containing Regimens. AIDS, Official Journal of the International AIDS Society 2003; 17 (7): 1099-1102.
Da Costa Di Bonaventura M, Gupta S, Cho M, Mrus J. The Association of HIV/AIDS Treatment Side Effects with Health Status, Work Productivity, and Resource Use. AIDS Care: Psychological and Sociomedical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 2012; 24(6): 744-755.
O’Dell MW, Meighen M, Riggs RV. Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Infection Prior to AIDS: A Pilot Study. Disability and Rehabilitation 1996; 18(5): 249-254.
Barroso J, Preisser JS, Leserman J, Gaynes BN, Golden RN, Evans DN. Predicting Fatigue and Depression in HIV-positive Gay Men. Psychosomatics 2002; 43(4): 317- 325.
Coffey S (ed.). Guide For HIV/AIDS Clinical Care, 2014 Edition. Rockville, MD: U.S.-pp. 301-304.
Barroso J, Lynn MR. Psychometric Properties of the HIV-related Fatigue Scale. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2002;13(1): 66-75.
Voss JG, Dodd M, Portillo C, Holzemer W. Theories of Fatigue, Application in HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses ın AIDS Care 2006; 17(1): 37-50.
Piper BF. Fatigue in: Kohlman-Carrieri VK, Lindsey AM, West CM (ed) Pathophysiological Phenomena in Nursing: Human Responses to illness, 2nd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia- 1993.ss 285-286.
Piper BF, Lindsey AM, Dodd MJ. Fatigue Mechanisms in Cancer Patients: Developing Nursing Theory. Oncology Nursing Forum 1987; 14 (6): 17-23.
Barroso J. HIV-related Fatigue. American Journal of Nursing 2002; 102(5): 83-86.
Aaronson LS, Teel CS, Cassmeyer V, Neuberger GB, Pallikkathayil L, Pierce J et al. Defining and Measuring Fatigue. Image Journal of Nursing Scholarship 1999;31(1):45-50.
Pence BW, Barroso J, Leserman J, Harmon JL, Salahuddin N. Measuring Fatigue in People Living with HIV/AIDS: Psychometric Characteristics of the HIV-Related Fatigue Scale. AIDS Care 2008; 20(7): 829-837.
Bormann J, Shively M, Smith TL, Gifford AL. Measurement of Fatigue in HIV-positive Adults: Reliability and Validity of the Global Fatigue Index. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2001; 12 (3):75-83.
Low Y, Preud’homme X, Goforth HW, Omonuwa T, Krystal AD. The Association of Fatigue with Depression and Insomnia in HIVseropositive Patients: A Pilot Study. Sleep 2011; 34(12):1723-1736.
Lerdal A, Gay CL, Aouizerat BE, Portillo CJ, Lee KA. Patterns of Morning and Evening Fatigue Among Adults with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011; 20 (15-16): 2204-2216.
Wantland DJ, Mullan JP, Holzemer WL, Portillo CJ, Bakken S, McGhee EM. Additive Effects of Numbness and Muscle Aches on Fatigue Occurrence in Individuals with HIV/AIDS Who are Taking Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011; 41(2): 469-477.
Barroso J. A Review of Fatigue in People with HIV Infection. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1999;10(5):42-49.
Sowell RL. Identifying HIV/AIDS Research Priorities for the next Millennium: A Delphi Study with Nurses in AIDS Care. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2000; 11(3):42-52.
Newshan G, Sherman DW. Palliative Care: Pain and Symptom Management in Persons with HIV/AIDS. The Nursing Clinics of North America 1999; 34(1):131-145.
Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Nokes KM et al. Validation of the Sign and Symptom Check-list for Persons with HIV Disease (SSC-HIV). J Adv Nurs. 1999;30:1041-1049
Hockenberry-Eaton M, Hinds PS. Fatigue in Children and Adolescents with Cancer: Evolution of a Program of Study. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 2000; 16(4): 261-78.
Sousa KH, Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Slaughter R. Dimensions of Health-related Quality of Life in Persons Living with HIV Disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1999; 29(1): 178-187.
Paolini CA. Symptoms Management at the end of Life. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2001; 101(10): 609-615.
Yurtsever S. Kronik Hastalıklarda Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2004; 4(1): 16-20.
Yıldırım M. Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Tanısı ile Hastaneye Başvuran Bireylerin Yorgunluk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri 2006.
Birol L. Hemşirelik Süreci. Etki Matbaacılık. 2. Baskı. İzmir-2005. ss: 301-319.
Curt GA, Breitbart W, Cella D, Groopman JE, Horning SJ, Itri LM et al. Impact of Cancer-Related Fatigue on the Lives of Patients: New Findings from the Fatigue Coalition. Oncologist 2000;5(5): 353-60.
Reillo MR. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Debilitating Fatigue Associated with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1993; 4(3): 33-38.
Tavio M, Milan I, Tirelli U. Cancer-related Fatigue (review). Int J Oncol 2002; 21(5): 1093-1099.
Fatigue: PDQ, Supportive Care-Health Professionals, National Cancer Institute, 2006. URL: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/sideeffects/fatigue/fatigue-hp-pdq, [Erişim Tarihi: 01 Mart 2015] .
Mock V. Evidence-based Treatment for Cancer–related Fatigue. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs 2004; (32): 112-118.
Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Field CJ, Fairey AS. Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors: Cardiopulmonary and Quality of Life Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 21(9): 1660-1668.
Smith BA, Neidig JL, Nickel JT, Mitchell GL, Para MF, Fass RJ. Aerobic Exercise: Effects on Parameters Related to Fatigue, Dyspnea, Weight and Body Composition in HIV-infected Adults. AIDS. 2001; 15(6): 693-701.
Cruciani RA, Revuelta M, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Lesage P, Esteban-Cruciani N. L-carnitine Supplementation in Patients with HIV/AIDS and Fatigue: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. HIV/AIDS Research and Palliative Care 2015; (7): 65-73.
Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology.1997; 35(1): 16-23.
Breitbart W. and others. Fatigue in ambulatory AIDS patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998; 15(3): 159-167.

HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 72 - 79, 01.04.2016

Kadriye Sayın Kasar Yasemin Yıldırım

Öz

HIV/AIDS; sağlıklı yaşam süresini kısaltan, tedavi ve takip gerektiren, toplumun tüm kesimini etkileyen ciddi bir halk sağlığı problemidir. HIV/AIDS olan bireylerde çok sayıda belirti ve bulgugörülmekle birlikte, en sıkveüzücübelirtilerdenbiri de yorgunluktur. Yorgunluk bu bireylerde yaşamkalitesininazalmasına, fonksiyonel durumun zayıflamasına veyüksekaktif antiretroviraltedaviyeuyumdüzeyinin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle yorgunluğun doğru değerlendirilmesi, altta yatan nedenin etkin tedavisi ve hemşirelik bakımı önemlidir. Hemşirelerin de HIV ile ilgili yorgunluk yaşayan bireyleri fark ederek doğru şekilde değerlendirilmesi, beslenme, aktivite ve uyku düzeniyle bağlantılı olarak yorgunluk seviyesinin zamanla nasıl değiştiğinin izlenmesi ve bu bireylerin günlük ve haftalık aktiviteleri için önceliklerini belirlemesine yardımcı olma gibi önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HIV/AIDS, Yorgunluk, Hemşirelik Bakımı

Kaynakça

Babayiğit MA, Bakır B. HIV Enfeksıyonu ve AIDS: Epidemiyoloji ve Korunma. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2004; 3 (11):280-290.
Zorlu M, Çalım Sİ. İşyerinde Damgalama ve Ayrımcılık Faktörü Olarak HIV/AIDS. Çalışma ve Toplum, Ekonomi ve Hukuk Dergisi 2012; 4(35):165-188.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2014. URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/. [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mart 2015].
Tümer A. HIV/AIDS Epidemiyolojisi ve Korunma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi HIV/AIDS Tedavi ve Araştırma Merkezi (HATAM). URL: http://www.hatam.hacettepe.edu.tr/Epid_web_A.T_2015.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2015] .
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, HIV/AIDS Veri Tabloları, 2014. URL: http://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR/ana-sayfa/1-0/20150526.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 10 Mart 2015].
Can G. Kanser Hastalarında Yorgunluk. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2006; 3(2):10-17.
Breitbart W, McDonald MV, Rosenfeld B, Monkman ND, Passik S. Fatigue in Ambulatory AIDS Patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998; 15(3): 159-167.
Cleary PD, Fowler FJ, Weissman J, Massagli MP ,Wilson I, Seage, GR et al. Health Related Quality of Life in Persons with Acquired İmmune Deficiency Syndrome. Medical Care 1993; 31(7): 569-580.
Cunningham WE, Shapiro MF, Hays RD, Dixon WJ, Visscher BR, George L et al. Constitutional Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic HIV Disease. American Journal of Medicine 1998; 104(2): 129-136.
Darko DF, Miller JC, Galen C, White J, Koziol J, Brown SJ et al. Sleep Electroencephalogram Delta-Frequency Amplitude, Night Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Human İmmunodeficiency Virus İnfection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 1995; 92(26): 12080-12084.
Jones SG. The Other Side of The Pill Bottle: The Lived Experience of HIV-Positive Nurses on HIV Combination Drug Therapy. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2002; 13 (4): 22-36.
Adinolfi A. Assessment and Treatment of HIV-related Fatigue. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2001; 12 (29): 29-34.
Barroso J, Carlson JR, Meynell J, Physiological and Psychological Markers Associated with HIV-related Fatigue. Clinical Nursing Research 2003; 12(1): 49-68.
Corless IB, Bunch EH, Kemppainen JK, Holzemer WL, Nokes KM, et al. Self-care for Fatigue in Patients with HIV. Oncology Nursing Forum 2002; 29(5): 60-69.
Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Kaim M, Funesti-Esch J. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Psychostimulants Fort He Treament of Fatigue in Ambulatory Patients with Human İmmunodeficiency Virus Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001; 161(3): 411-420.
Rabkin JG, Mc Elhiney MC, Rabkin R. Treatment of HIV-related Fatigue with Armodafinil: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry 2011; 52 (4): 328-336.
Vogl D, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W, Thaler H, Passik S, McDonald M, et al. Symptom Prevalence, Characteristics and Distress in AIDS Outpatients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1999;18(4): 253–262.
Duracinsky M, Herrmann S, Berzins B, et al. The Development of PROQOL-HIV: An International Instrument to Assess the Health-related Quality of Life of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2012; 59(5): 498-505.
Jong E, Oudhoff LA, Epskamp C et al. Predictors and Treatment Strategies of HIV-related Fatigue in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2010; 24(10): 1387-1405.
Voss JG. Predictors and Correlates of Fatigue in People Living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2005; 29(5): 173-184.
Phillips KD, Sowell RL, Rojas M, Tavakoli A, Fulk LJ, Hand GA. Physiological and Psychological Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Disease. Biologıcal Research for Nursing 2004; 6(1):59-74.
Groopman JE. Fatigue in Cancer and HIV/AIDS. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 1998, 12(3):335-344.
Henderson M, Safa F, Easterbrook P, Hotopf M. Fatigue Among HIV-infected Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. HIV Medicine 2005; 6 (5): 347-352.
Barroso J, Joachim G. Fatigue in HIV and AIDS: An Analysis of Evidence. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses In AIDS Care 2013; 24(1): 5-14.
Crystal S, Fleishman JA, Hays RD, Shapiro MF, Bozzette SA. Physical and Role Functioning Among Persons with HIV: Results from a Nationally Resprentative Survey. Medical Care 2000; 38(12): 1210-23.
Duran S, Spire B, Raffi F, Walter V, Bouhour D, Journot V et al. Self-Reported Symptoms After Initiation of a Protease Inhibitor in HIVInfected Patients And Their Impact On Adherence To HAART. HIV Clinical Trials 2001; 2(1):38-45.
Henry SB, Holzemer WL, Weaver K, Stotts N. Quality Of Life And Self-Care Management Strategies Of Plwas With Chronic Diarrhea. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses in AIDS Care 1999; 10(2): 46-54.
Trotta MP, Ammassari A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Zaccarelli M, Castelli F, Narciso P et al. Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is Better in Patients Receiving Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-containing Regimens than in those Receiving Protease Inhibitor-containing Regimens. AIDS, Official Journal of the International AIDS Society 2003; 17 (7): 1099-1102.
Da Costa Di Bonaventura M, Gupta S, Cho M, Mrus J. The Association of HIV/AIDS Treatment Side Effects with Health Status, Work Productivity, and Resource Use. AIDS Care: Psychological and Sociomedical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 2012; 24(6): 744-755.
O’Dell MW, Meighen M, Riggs RV. Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Infection Prior to AIDS: A Pilot Study. Disability and Rehabilitation 1996; 18(5): 249-254.
Barroso J, Preisser JS, Leserman J, Gaynes BN, Golden RN, Evans DN. Predicting Fatigue and Depression in HIV-positive Gay Men. Psychosomatics 2002; 43(4): 317- 325.
Coffey S (ed.). Guide For HIV/AIDS Clinical Care, 2014 Edition. Rockville, MD: U.S.-pp. 301-304.
Barroso J, Lynn MR. Psychometric Properties of the HIV-related Fatigue Scale. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2002;13(1): 66-75.
Voss JG, Dodd M, Portillo C, Holzemer W. Theories of Fatigue, Application in HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Assocıatıon of Nurses ın AIDS Care 2006; 17(1): 37-50.
Piper BF. Fatigue in: Kohlman-Carrieri VK, Lindsey AM, West CM (ed) Pathophysiological Phenomena in Nursing: Human Responses to illness, 2nd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia- 1993.ss 285-286.
Piper BF, Lindsey AM, Dodd MJ. Fatigue Mechanisms in Cancer Patients: Developing Nursing Theory. Oncology Nursing Forum 1987; 14 (6): 17-23.
Barroso J. HIV-related Fatigue. American Journal of Nursing 2002; 102(5): 83-86.
Aaronson LS, Teel CS, Cassmeyer V, Neuberger GB, Pallikkathayil L, Pierce J et al. Defining and Measuring Fatigue. Image Journal of Nursing Scholarship 1999;31(1):45-50.
Pence BW, Barroso J, Leserman J, Harmon JL, Salahuddin N. Measuring Fatigue in People Living with HIV/AIDS: Psychometric Characteristics of the HIV-Related Fatigue Scale. AIDS Care 2008; 20(7): 829-837.
Bormann J, Shively M, Smith TL, Gifford AL. Measurement of Fatigue in HIV-positive Adults: Reliability and Validity of the Global Fatigue Index. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2001; 12 (3):75-83.
Low Y, Preud’homme X, Goforth HW, Omonuwa T, Krystal AD. The Association of Fatigue with Depression and Insomnia in HIVseropositive Patients: A Pilot Study. Sleep 2011; 34(12):1723-1736.
Lerdal A, Gay CL, Aouizerat BE, Portillo CJ, Lee KA. Patterns of Morning and Evening Fatigue Among Adults with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011; 20 (15-16): 2204-2216.
Wantland DJ, Mullan JP, Holzemer WL, Portillo CJ, Bakken S, McGhee EM. Additive Effects of Numbness and Muscle Aches on Fatigue Occurrence in Individuals with HIV/AIDS Who are Taking Antiretroviral Therapy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011; 41(2): 469-477.
Barroso J. A Review of Fatigue in People with HIV Infection. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1999;10(5):42-49.
Sowell RL. Identifying HIV/AIDS Research Priorities for the next Millennium: A Delphi Study with Nurses in AIDS Care. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2000; 11(3):42-52.
Newshan G, Sherman DW. Palliative Care: Pain and Symptom Management in Persons with HIV/AIDS. The Nursing Clinics of North America 1999; 34(1):131-145.
Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Nokes KM et al. Validation of the Sign and Symptom Check-list for Persons with HIV Disease (SSC-HIV). J Adv Nurs. 1999;30:1041-1049
Hockenberry-Eaton M, Hinds PS. Fatigue in Children and Adolescents with Cancer: Evolution of a Program of Study. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 2000; 16(4): 261-78.
Sousa KH, Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Slaughter R. Dimensions of Health-related Quality of Life in Persons Living with HIV Disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1999; 29(1): 178-187.
Paolini CA. Symptoms Management at the end of Life. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2001; 101(10): 609-615.
Yurtsever S. Kronik Hastalıklarda Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2004; 4(1): 16-20.
Yıldırım M. Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Tanısı ile Hastaneye Başvuran Bireylerin Yorgunluk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri 2006.
Birol L. Hemşirelik Süreci. Etki Matbaacılık. 2. Baskı. İzmir-2005. ss: 301-319.
Curt GA, Breitbart W, Cella D, Groopman JE, Horning SJ, Itri LM et al. Impact of Cancer-Related Fatigue on the Lives of Patients: New Findings from the Fatigue Coalition. Oncologist 2000;5(5): 353-60.
Reillo MR. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Debilitating Fatigue Associated with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1993; 4(3): 33-38.
Tavio M, Milan I, Tirelli U. Cancer-related Fatigue (review). Int J Oncol 2002; 21(5): 1093-1099.
Fatigue: PDQ, Supportive Care-Health Professionals, National Cancer Institute, 2006. URL: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/sideeffects/fatigue/fatigue-hp-pdq, [Erişim Tarihi: 01 Mart 2015] .
Mock V. Evidence-based Treatment for Cancer–related Fatigue. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs 2004; (32): 112-118.
Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Bell GJ, Jones LW, Field CJ, Fairey AS. Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors: Cardiopulmonary and Quality of Life Outcomes. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 21(9): 1660-1668.
Smith BA, Neidig JL, Nickel JT, Mitchell GL, Para MF, Fass RJ. Aerobic Exercise: Effects on Parameters Related to Fatigue, Dyspnea, Weight and Body Composition in HIV-infected Adults. AIDS. 2001; 15(6): 693-701.
Cruciani RA, Revuelta M, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Lesage P, Esteban-Cruciani N. L-carnitine Supplementation in Patients with HIV/AIDS and Fatigue: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. HIV/AIDS Research and Palliative Care 2015; (7): 65-73.
Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology.1997; 35(1): 16-23.
Breitbart W. and others. Fatigue in ambulatory AIDS patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998; 15(3): 159-167.

Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID	JA67KA62AC
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Kadriye Sayın Kasar Bu kişi benim Yasemin Yıldırım Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Sayın Kasar, K., & Yıldırım, Y. (2016). HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 72-79.
AMA	Sayın Kasar K, Yıldırım Y. HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Nisan 2016;5(2):72-79.
Chicago	Sayın Kasar, Kadriye, ve Yasemin Yıldırım. “HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk Ve Hemşirelik Bakımı”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Nisan 2016): 72-79.
EndNote	Sayın Kasar K, Yıldırım Y (01 Nisan 2016) HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5 2 72–79.
IEEE	K. Sayın Kasar ve Y. Yıldırım, “HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 72–79, 2016.
ISNAD	Sayın Kasar, Kadriye - Yıldırım, Yasemin. “HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk Ve Hemşirelik Bakımı”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5/2 (Nisan 2016), 72-79.
JAMA	Sayın Kasar K, Yıldırım Y. HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;5:72–79.
MLA	Sayın Kasar, Kadriye ve Yasemin Yıldırım. “HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk Ve Hemşirelik Bakımı”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 72-79.
Vancouver	Sayın Kasar K, Yıldırım Y. HIV/AIDS Hastalarında Yorgunluk ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;5(2):72-9.

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