BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 638 - 659, 01.10.2015

Öz

Kısa/uzun süreli yaşanan sağlık sorunları ve kronik hastalıklar kişinin yaşam aktivitelerini sınırlamakta ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle kadınlar yaşamları süresince yaşam kalitelerini etkileyecek/bozacak bir dizi hastalıklarla karşılaşacaklarından haberdar olmalıdırlar. Tarama programları ile herhangi bir hastalığa özgü belirti ortaya çıkmadan önce saptanması mümkündür. Hastalık semptomlarına sahip bireylerin başvurmasını beklemek yerine, tarama programları ile asemptomatik dönemde hastaları yakalamak, gerek birey gerekse toplum açısından çok önemlidir. Günümüzde kadın sağlığına yönelik bazı kanserler, jinekolojik sorunlar ve kronik hastalıklarla ilgili tarama yöntemleri mevcuttur. Toplum ve bireyle sürekli iletişim halinde olan sağlık çalışanları, kadın sağlığı açısından önemli olan tarama programları konusunda sağlık danışmanlığı yaparak ve uygun veri toplayarak bireyleri doğru sağlık alışkanlıkları konusunda bilgilendirmeli, kendi sağlıklarını korumada daha duyarlı hale getirmelidir. Ayrıca, sağlık çalışanları da kendi sağlıklarını koruma konusunda çok duyarlı olmalıdır. Bu nedenle bu makalede kadın sağlığı taramasına yönelik bilgilerin, güncel literatür doğrultusunda paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • T.C. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Hayat Tabloları, 2013. Haber Bülteni. Ankara2014; http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18522 Erişim tarihi: 08-072015
  • Kelleher CJ, Radley S. Ouality of Life and Urinary İncontinence. In: Cardoza L, Staskin D (eds). Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology. 2nd Edition. Informa Healthcare. United Kingdom - 2006. ss:63-74.
  • Turhan NÖ. Kadın ve Erkek Sağlığını Koruma Stratejileri ve Tarama Programları. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2008; 28(6): 255-261.
  • Mcdonald S, Saslow D, Alciati MH. Performance and Reporting of Clinical Breast Examination: A Review of the Literature: CA. Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 345-361.
  • Başkan S, Atahan K, Arıbal E, Özaydın N, Balcı P, Yavuz E. Meme Kanserinde Tarama ve Tanı. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2012; 8(3): 100-125.
  • Özaydın N. Kadın Sağlığı için Önemli Tarama Testleri. 6. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi Özet Kitabı. Ankara - 2009. ss:131-133.
  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 9. Baskı. Sistem Ofset Matbaacılık. Ankara - 2009. ss:607-616.
  • Fidaner C. Kanserde Erken Yakalama: Erken Tanı ve Taramalar. Tuncer AM (ed). Türkiye’de Kanser Kontrolü. Onur Matbaacılık. Ankara - 2007. ss:319-331.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. Dünya Kanser Raporu. Peter B, Bernard L (Editör). Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Kurumu (IARC). 2008. ss:261-320.
  • Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Harirchi I, Harirchi AM, Sajadian A, Khaleghi F, et al. Breast Cancer in Iran: Need for Greater Women Awareness of Warning Signs and Effective Screening Methods. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2008; 7(1): 1-7.
  • Han H, Lee H, Kim MT, Kim KB. Tailored Lay Health Worker Intervention Breast Cancer Screening Outcomes in Non-Adherent Korean- American Women. Health Education Research 2009; 24(2): 318-329.
  • American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. 2011; http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/ Erişim tarihi: 29-01-2014
  • Parkin DM, Fernandez LM. Use of Statistics to Assess the Global Burden of Breast Cancer. The Breast Journal 2006; 12(1): 70-80.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kanser Daire Başkanlığı Değerlendirme Raporları. Meme Kanseri Taramaları. 2012; http://kanser.gov.tr/Dosya/Bilgi-Dokumanlari/ Erişim tarihi: 09-07-2015
  • Kearney AJ, Murray M. Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: Is Mammography the Only Answer. Journal Of Midwifery & Women’s Health 2009; 54(5): 393-400.
  • Seçginli S. Meme Kanseri Taraması: Son Yenilikler Neler. Taf Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(2): 193-200.
  • Yücel A. Ankara’da Yaşayan Kadınların Tarama Testleri Konusunda Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Ketemlerde Yapılan Tarama Testleri. 7. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2011. ss.7-8.
  • Aslan A, Temiz M, Beşirov E, Aban N. Meme Kanseri Taraması. Meme Hastalıkları Dergisi 2004;11: 4-11.
  • Miller AB, To T, Baines Cj, Wall C. Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13Year Results of A Randomized Trial in Women Aged 50-59 Years. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1490-1499.
  • Thomas DB, Gao DL, Ray RM, Wang WW, Allison CJ, Chen FL, et al. Randomized Trial of Breast Self-Examination in Shanghai: Final Results. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94(19): 1445-1457.
  • Turgut A, Hasırcıoğlu F, Koşar U. Meme Hastalıklarının Tanısında Mamografi. STED 2000; 9(12).
  • Bevers TB. Efficacy and Opinions About Breast Self-Examination. In: Singletary SE, Robb GL, Gabriel NH (Eds). Second Edition. Advanced Therapy of Breast Disease. Hamilton Ont. 2004. ss:193-201.
  • Kuroishi T, Hirose K, Suzuki T, Tominaga S. Effectiveness of Mass Screening for Breast Cancer in Japan. Breast Cancer 2007; (1): 1-8.
  • Epstein SS, Bertell R, Seaman B. Dangers and Unreliability of Mammography: Breast Examination is A Safe, Effective, and Practical Alternative. International Journal Of Health Services 2001; 31(3): 605-615.
  • Champion VL. Breast Self-Examination: What Now. Oncology Nursing Forum 2003;30(5): 723-724.
  • Weiss NS. Breast Cancer Mortality in Relation to Clinical Breast Examination and Breast Self-Examination. The Breast Journal 2003; 9: 86-89.
  • Özmen V. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Meme Kanseri Tarama (Screening) ve Kayıt Programları. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2006; 2: 55-58.
  • Bjurstam N, Björneld L, Warwick J, Sala E, Duffy SW, Nyström L, et al. The Guthenburg Breast Cancer Screening Trial. Cancer 2003; 97(10): 2387-2396. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences:2015;4(4) 655
  • Duffy SW, Tabar L, Vitak B, Yen MF, Warwick J, Smith RA, et al. The Swedish TwoCounty Trial of Mammographic Screening: Cluster Randomisation and End Point Evaluation. Ann Oncol 2003; 14(8): 1196-1198.
  • Schopper D, De Wolf C. How Eff Ective Are Breast Cancer Screening Programmes By Mammography? Review of the Current Evidence. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45(11): 1916-1923
  • Özgün H, Soyder A, Tunçyürek P. Meme Kanserinde Geç Başvuruyu Etkileyen Faktörler. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2009; 5(2): 87-91.
  • Çelik İ. Kanserde Tarama Testleri: Kime ve Ne Zaman. Türkiye Tıp Dergisi 2003; 10(2): 71-78.
  • Öztürk E, Yücesoy C. Kadın Sağlığında Mamografi ve Kemik Dansitometrinin Önemi. Posyon 2005; 14(1): 10-14.
  • Yankaskas BC, Klabunde CN, Ancelle-Park R, Renner G, Wang H, Francheboud J, et Aal. International Comparison of Performance Measures for Screening Mammography: Can It Be Done. J Med Screen 2004; 11(4):187-193.
  • US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Mammography. 2011; http://www.fda.gov/CDRH/mammography/ Erişim tarihi: 1509-2013
  • Perry N, Broeders M, De Wolf C, Törnberg S, Holland R, Von Karsa L. European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2008;19 (4): 614-622.
  • Council of the European Union. Council Recommendation of 2 December 2003 on Cancer Screening 2003/879/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 2003; 46: 34-38.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Breast Cancer Screening. Lyon - 2002(7).
  • Euhus DM, Smith KC, Robinson L, Stucky A, Olopade OI, Cummings S, et al. Pretest Prediction of BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation By Risk Counselors and the Computer Model BRCAPRO. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 844-851.
  • Smith RA, Brooks D, Cokkinides V, Saslow D, Brawley OW. Cancer Screening in The United States, 2013: A Review of Current American Cancer Society Guidelines,
  • Current İssues in Cancer Screening and New Guidance on Cervical Cancer Screening and Lung Cancer Screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:87-105.
  • Parkin DM, Bray F,Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics, 2002 CA. Cancer J Clin 2005;55(2):74-108.
  • Mayrand M, Duarto-Franco E, Rodrigues I, Walter SD, Hanley J, Ferenczy A, et al. Human Papillomavirus DNA Versus Papanicolaou Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(16): 1579-1588.
  • Unang I, Abasiattai MA, Udoma JE. Awareness and Practice of Cervical Smear as A Screening Procedure for Cervical Cancer Among Female Nurses in A Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria. TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(6): 675-680.
  • Güner H, Taşkıran Ç. Serviks Kanseri Epidemiyolojisi ve Human Papilloma Virüs. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Derneği Dergisi 2007; 4(1): 11-19.
  • Koç F, Akşit S, Kurugöl Z, Koturoğlu G, Halıcıoğlu O, Aslan A. Serviks Kanseri Hakkında Hekimlerin Bilgi Düzeyi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2010; 20(5): 281-286.
  • Tuncer ZS. Jinekolojik Açıdan Human Papilloma Virüs Enfeksiyonu. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2007;38(1):8-14.
  • Yalçın TÖ. Serviks Kanseri Taramasında Sitoloji Dışı Yöntemler. 10. Uludağ Jinekoloji ve Obstetri Kış Kongresi Bildiri Özet Kitabı; Bursa. 2011.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Gaffikin TL, Jacob M, Sellors J, Robles S. A Critical Assessment of Screening Methods for Cervical Neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89(2): 4-12.
  • Zemheri E, Koyuncuer A. Servikal Kanserlerin Erken Tanısında Pap Testinin Önemi. STED 2005;14(1): 1-4.
  • Barry HC, Smith M, Weismantel D, French L. The Feasibility of Risk-Based Cervical Cancer Screening. Preventive Medicine 2007;45(2-3):125-129.
  • Kavoussi KS, Smith RY, Ernst DS, Quint HE. Cervical Cancer Screening with Liquid Cytology in Women with Developmental Disabilities. Journal of Women’s Health 2009; 18(1): 115-118.
  • Mcneeley SG. New Cervical Cancer Screening Techniques. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189(4): 40-41.
  • Milbourne A, Park YS, Benedet LJ, Miller D, Ehlen T, Rhodes H, et al. Results of A Pilot Study of Multispectral Digital Colposcopy for the in Vivo Detection of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Gynecologic Onkology 2005; 99(3): 67-75.
  • Haberal A. Serviks Kanseri Tarama Programları. 6. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2009. ss:84-85.
  • Nanda K, Pitkin RM. A View of Reviews. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2000; 95(4):605-606.
  • Saslow D, Soloman D, Lawson H, et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colpocopy and Cervical Paphology and American Society for Clinical Pathology Screening Guidelines for the Prevention and Early Detectin of Cervical Cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62(3): 147-172.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Cervical Cancer Screening. 2013; http://www.acog.org/ Erişim Tarihi: 17-01-2014
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Kanserle Savaş Dairesi Başkanlığı Ulusal Kanser Programı 20092015. Tuncer M (ed). Ulusal Kanser Tarama Standartlarımız. Ankara - 2009.
  • Davey E, Barratt A, Irwig L, Chan SF, Macaskill P, Mannes P, et al. Effect of Study Design and Quality on Unsatisfactory Rates, Cytology Classifications, and Accuracy in Liquid-Based Versus Conventional Cervical Cytology: A Systematic Review. Lancet 2006; 367(9505): 122-132.
  • Ronco G, Cuzick J, Pierotti P, Cariaggi MP, Dalla Palma P, Naldoni C, et al. Accuracy of Liquid Based Versus Conventional Cytology: Overall Results of New Technologies for Cervical Cancer Screening: Randomised Controlled Trial. Bmj 2007;335(7609): 28.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective Screening Programmes for Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle Income Developing Countries. Bulletin of The World Health Organization 2001;79 (10):954-962.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Chatterji R, Shastri SS, Wesley RS, Basu P, Mahe C, et al. Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus Testing in The Primary Screening of Cervical Neoplasia: Results from A Multicentre Study in India. Int J Cancer 2004; 112(2): 341347.
  • Denny L, Kuhn L, Pollack A, Wainwright H, Wright T. Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Cervical Cancer Screening in Resource Poor Settings. Cancer 2000; 89(4): 826-833.
  • Wright T, Denny L, Kuhn L, Pollack A, Lorincz A. Hpv Dna Testing of Self-Collected Vaginal Samples Compared with Cytologic Screening to Detect Cervical Cancer. Jama 2000; 283(1): 81-86.
  • Cronje HS, Parham GP, Cooreman BF, De Beer A, Divall P, Bam RH. A Comparison of Four Screening Methods for Cervical Neoplasia in A Developing Country. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:395-400.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Wesley R, Mahe C, Keita N, Gombe Mbalwa CC, et al. Accuracy of Visual Screening for Cervical Neoplasia: Results From an Iarc Multicentre Study in India And Africa. Int J Cancer 2004; 110: 907-913.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, et al. Effect of Visual Screening on Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: A Cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2007; 370:(9585): 398-406.
  • National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Endometrial Cancer (PDQ). 2012; http://www.cancer.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 15-05-2013
  • Munkarah A, Chatterjee M, Tainsky MA. Update on Ovarian Cancer Screening. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007;19(1): 22-26.
  • National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer (PDQ). 2012; http://www.cancer.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 15-09-2013].
  • Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Anderson RN, Scott C. Deaths: Final Data For 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2004; 53(5): 1-115.
  • Küçükardalı Y, Solmazgül E, Kaplan M, Şahan B, Salmanoğlu M. Huzurevinde Yaşayan Yaşlı Popülasyonda Osteoporoz Taraması. Turkish Journal Of Geriatrics 2006; 9(1): 25-29
  • Johnell O, Kanis JA. An Estimate of the Worldwide Prevalence, Mortality and Disability Associated with Hip Fracture. Osteoporos Int 2004; 15: 897-902.
  • North American Menopause Society (NAMS). Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2002; 9: 84-101.
  • Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Management of Osteoporosis, A National Clinical Guideline. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Vol.71. SIGN. Edinburgh - 2003. pp:45.
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations and Rationale. American Family Physician 2002; 66(8): 1430-1432.
  • Kraemer DF, Nelson HD, Bauer DC, Helfand M. Economic Comparison of Diagnostic Approaches for Evaluating Osteoporosis in Older Women. Osteoporos 2005; 17(1): 68-76.
  • Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi RP, et al. Evidence- Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women. Circulation 2004; 109:672-693.
  • Pearson TA. New Tools for Coronary Risk Assessment: What Are Their Advantages and Limitations. Circulation 2002; 105: 886-892.
  • Mctigue K, Harris R, Hemphill B, Lux L, Sutton S, Bunton AJ, Lohr KN. Screening and İnterventions for Obesity in Adults: Summary of the Evidence for The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139(11): 933-949.
  • National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need to Know. Vol. 05-3290. NIH Publication. 2005.
  • National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) . Your Guide To Lowering Blood Pressure. 2006; http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 1509-2013
  • US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2008;148 (10): 759-765.
  • Özgülnar N, Tözeren A. CYBE için Tarama Yöntemleri Nelerdir, Kimlere Uygulamalı.
  • Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2009. ss.47-49.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Screening for Sexually Transmitted Diseases During The Domestic Medical Examination for Newly Arrived Refugees. 2012; http://www.cdc.gov Erişim tarihi: 15-09-2013
  • Neyzi O, Yolsal N. Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Enfeksiyonlar Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. 2. Baskı. İnsan Kaynağını Geliştirme Vakfı. Aşama Matbaası. İstanbul - 2002. ss:87-89.

Current Status In Screening Of Women’s Health

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 638 - 659, 01.10.2015

Öz

It is probable that chronic illnesses and disease problems in short/long period limit the daily life activities and affect the quality of life. Therefore, women should be informed that they may face some illnesses affecting/corrupting their quality of life during their life period. It is possible to detect the symptoms specific to any disease before its emergence through some screening programs. It is very crucial for individuals and society to detect patients having related symptoms in asymptomatic period through some tests instead of waiting for their application. Nowadays, there are available screening methods about some cancers, gynaecological problems and chronic diseases related to women’s health. The medical staff who are in constant communication with patients (as a supervisor) should inform the individuals about screening tests related with gynaecology and proper health habits by collecting appropriate data and providing health care consulting service in order to make them more conscious about protecting their health. Moreover, the medical staff should also be very sensitive in preventing their own health. Therefore, in this article, it is intended to share information about women’s health screening in accordance with the current literature.

Kaynakça

  • T.C. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Hayat Tabloları, 2013. Haber Bülteni. Ankara2014; http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18522 Erişim tarihi: 08-072015
  • Kelleher CJ, Radley S. Ouality of Life and Urinary İncontinence. In: Cardoza L, Staskin D (eds). Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology. 2nd Edition. Informa Healthcare. United Kingdom - 2006. ss:63-74.
  • Turhan NÖ. Kadın ve Erkek Sağlığını Koruma Stratejileri ve Tarama Programları. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2008; 28(6): 255-261.
  • Mcdonald S, Saslow D, Alciati MH. Performance and Reporting of Clinical Breast Examination: A Review of the Literature: CA. Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 345-361.
  • Başkan S, Atahan K, Arıbal E, Özaydın N, Balcı P, Yavuz E. Meme Kanserinde Tarama ve Tanı. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2012; 8(3): 100-125.
  • Özaydın N. Kadın Sağlığı için Önemli Tarama Testleri. 6. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi Özet Kitabı. Ankara - 2009. ss:131-133.
  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 9. Baskı. Sistem Ofset Matbaacılık. Ankara - 2009. ss:607-616.
  • Fidaner C. Kanserde Erken Yakalama: Erken Tanı ve Taramalar. Tuncer AM (ed). Türkiye’de Kanser Kontrolü. Onur Matbaacılık. Ankara - 2007. ss:319-331.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. Dünya Kanser Raporu. Peter B, Bernard L (Editör). Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Kurumu (IARC). 2008. ss:261-320.
  • Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Harirchi I, Harirchi AM, Sajadian A, Khaleghi F, et al. Breast Cancer in Iran: Need for Greater Women Awareness of Warning Signs and Effective Screening Methods. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2008; 7(1): 1-7.
  • Han H, Lee H, Kim MT, Kim KB. Tailored Lay Health Worker Intervention Breast Cancer Screening Outcomes in Non-Adherent Korean- American Women. Health Education Research 2009; 24(2): 318-329.
  • American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. 2011; http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/ Erişim tarihi: 29-01-2014
  • Parkin DM, Fernandez LM. Use of Statistics to Assess the Global Burden of Breast Cancer. The Breast Journal 2006; 12(1): 70-80.
  • Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kanser Daire Başkanlığı Değerlendirme Raporları. Meme Kanseri Taramaları. 2012; http://kanser.gov.tr/Dosya/Bilgi-Dokumanlari/ Erişim tarihi: 09-07-2015
  • Kearney AJ, Murray M. Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: Is Mammography the Only Answer. Journal Of Midwifery & Women’s Health 2009; 54(5): 393-400.
  • Seçginli S. Meme Kanseri Taraması: Son Yenilikler Neler. Taf Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(2): 193-200.
  • Yücel A. Ankara’da Yaşayan Kadınların Tarama Testleri Konusunda Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Ketemlerde Yapılan Tarama Testleri. 7. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2011. ss.7-8.
  • Aslan A, Temiz M, Beşirov E, Aban N. Meme Kanseri Taraması. Meme Hastalıkları Dergisi 2004;11: 4-11.
  • Miller AB, To T, Baines Cj, Wall C. Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13Year Results of A Randomized Trial in Women Aged 50-59 Years. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1490-1499.
  • Thomas DB, Gao DL, Ray RM, Wang WW, Allison CJ, Chen FL, et al. Randomized Trial of Breast Self-Examination in Shanghai: Final Results. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94(19): 1445-1457.
  • Turgut A, Hasırcıoğlu F, Koşar U. Meme Hastalıklarının Tanısında Mamografi. STED 2000; 9(12).
  • Bevers TB. Efficacy and Opinions About Breast Self-Examination. In: Singletary SE, Robb GL, Gabriel NH (Eds). Second Edition. Advanced Therapy of Breast Disease. Hamilton Ont. 2004. ss:193-201.
  • Kuroishi T, Hirose K, Suzuki T, Tominaga S. Effectiveness of Mass Screening for Breast Cancer in Japan. Breast Cancer 2007; (1): 1-8.
  • Epstein SS, Bertell R, Seaman B. Dangers and Unreliability of Mammography: Breast Examination is A Safe, Effective, and Practical Alternative. International Journal Of Health Services 2001; 31(3): 605-615.
  • Champion VL. Breast Self-Examination: What Now. Oncology Nursing Forum 2003;30(5): 723-724.
  • Weiss NS. Breast Cancer Mortality in Relation to Clinical Breast Examination and Breast Self-Examination. The Breast Journal 2003; 9: 86-89.
  • Özmen V. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Meme Kanseri Tarama (Screening) ve Kayıt Programları. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2006; 2: 55-58.
  • Bjurstam N, Björneld L, Warwick J, Sala E, Duffy SW, Nyström L, et al. The Guthenburg Breast Cancer Screening Trial. Cancer 2003; 97(10): 2387-2396. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences:2015;4(4) 655
  • Duffy SW, Tabar L, Vitak B, Yen MF, Warwick J, Smith RA, et al. The Swedish TwoCounty Trial of Mammographic Screening: Cluster Randomisation and End Point Evaluation. Ann Oncol 2003; 14(8): 1196-1198.
  • Schopper D, De Wolf C. How Eff Ective Are Breast Cancer Screening Programmes By Mammography? Review of the Current Evidence. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45(11): 1916-1923
  • Özgün H, Soyder A, Tunçyürek P. Meme Kanserinde Geç Başvuruyu Etkileyen Faktörler. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2009; 5(2): 87-91.
  • Çelik İ. Kanserde Tarama Testleri: Kime ve Ne Zaman. Türkiye Tıp Dergisi 2003; 10(2): 71-78.
  • Öztürk E, Yücesoy C. Kadın Sağlığında Mamografi ve Kemik Dansitometrinin Önemi. Posyon 2005; 14(1): 10-14.
  • Yankaskas BC, Klabunde CN, Ancelle-Park R, Renner G, Wang H, Francheboud J, et Aal. International Comparison of Performance Measures for Screening Mammography: Can It Be Done. J Med Screen 2004; 11(4):187-193.
  • US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Mammography. 2011; http://www.fda.gov/CDRH/mammography/ Erişim tarihi: 1509-2013
  • Perry N, Broeders M, De Wolf C, Törnberg S, Holland R, Von Karsa L. European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2008;19 (4): 614-622.
  • Council of the European Union. Council Recommendation of 2 December 2003 on Cancer Screening 2003/879/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 2003; 46: 34-38.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Breast Cancer Screening. Lyon - 2002(7).
  • Euhus DM, Smith KC, Robinson L, Stucky A, Olopade OI, Cummings S, et al. Pretest Prediction of BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation By Risk Counselors and the Computer Model BRCAPRO. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 844-851.
  • Smith RA, Brooks D, Cokkinides V, Saslow D, Brawley OW. Cancer Screening in The United States, 2013: A Review of Current American Cancer Society Guidelines,
  • Current İssues in Cancer Screening and New Guidance on Cervical Cancer Screening and Lung Cancer Screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:87-105.
  • Parkin DM, Bray F,Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global Cancer Statistics, 2002 CA. Cancer J Clin 2005;55(2):74-108.
  • Mayrand M, Duarto-Franco E, Rodrigues I, Walter SD, Hanley J, Ferenczy A, et al. Human Papillomavirus DNA Versus Papanicolaou Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(16): 1579-1588.
  • Unang I, Abasiattai MA, Udoma JE. Awareness and Practice of Cervical Smear as A Screening Procedure for Cervical Cancer Among Female Nurses in A Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria. TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(6): 675-680.
  • Güner H, Taşkıran Ç. Serviks Kanseri Epidemiyolojisi ve Human Papilloma Virüs. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Derneği Dergisi 2007; 4(1): 11-19.
  • Koç F, Akşit S, Kurugöl Z, Koturoğlu G, Halıcıoğlu O, Aslan A. Serviks Kanseri Hakkında Hekimlerin Bilgi Düzeyi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2010; 20(5): 281-286.
  • Tuncer ZS. Jinekolojik Açıdan Human Papilloma Virüs Enfeksiyonu. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2007;38(1):8-14.
  • Yalçın TÖ. Serviks Kanseri Taramasında Sitoloji Dışı Yöntemler. 10. Uludağ Jinekoloji ve Obstetri Kış Kongresi Bildiri Özet Kitabı; Bursa. 2011.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Gaffikin TL, Jacob M, Sellors J, Robles S. A Critical Assessment of Screening Methods for Cervical Neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89(2): 4-12.
  • Zemheri E, Koyuncuer A. Servikal Kanserlerin Erken Tanısında Pap Testinin Önemi. STED 2005;14(1): 1-4.
  • Barry HC, Smith M, Weismantel D, French L. The Feasibility of Risk-Based Cervical Cancer Screening. Preventive Medicine 2007;45(2-3):125-129.
  • Kavoussi KS, Smith RY, Ernst DS, Quint HE. Cervical Cancer Screening with Liquid Cytology in Women with Developmental Disabilities. Journal of Women’s Health 2009; 18(1): 115-118.
  • Mcneeley SG. New Cervical Cancer Screening Techniques. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189(4): 40-41.
  • Milbourne A, Park YS, Benedet LJ, Miller D, Ehlen T, Rhodes H, et al. Results of A Pilot Study of Multispectral Digital Colposcopy for the in Vivo Detection of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Gynecologic Onkology 2005; 99(3): 67-75.
  • Haberal A. Serviks Kanseri Tarama Programları. 6. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2009. ss:84-85.
  • Nanda K, Pitkin RM. A View of Reviews. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2000; 95(4):605-606.
  • Saslow D, Soloman D, Lawson H, et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colpocopy and Cervical Paphology and American Society for Clinical Pathology Screening Guidelines for the Prevention and Early Detectin of Cervical Cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62(3): 147-172.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Cervical Cancer Screening. 2013; http://www.acog.org/ Erişim Tarihi: 17-01-2014
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Kanserle Savaş Dairesi Başkanlığı Ulusal Kanser Programı 20092015. Tuncer M (ed). Ulusal Kanser Tarama Standartlarımız. Ankara - 2009.
  • Davey E, Barratt A, Irwig L, Chan SF, Macaskill P, Mannes P, et al. Effect of Study Design and Quality on Unsatisfactory Rates, Cytology Classifications, and Accuracy in Liquid-Based Versus Conventional Cervical Cytology: A Systematic Review. Lancet 2006; 367(9505): 122-132.
  • Ronco G, Cuzick J, Pierotti P, Cariaggi MP, Dalla Palma P, Naldoni C, et al. Accuracy of Liquid Based Versus Conventional Cytology: Overall Results of New Technologies for Cervical Cancer Screening: Randomised Controlled Trial. Bmj 2007;335(7609): 28.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective Screening Programmes for Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle Income Developing Countries. Bulletin of The World Health Organization 2001;79 (10):954-962.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Chatterji R, Shastri SS, Wesley RS, Basu P, Mahe C, et al. Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus Testing in The Primary Screening of Cervical Neoplasia: Results from A Multicentre Study in India. Int J Cancer 2004; 112(2): 341347.
  • Denny L, Kuhn L, Pollack A, Wainwright H, Wright T. Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Cervical Cancer Screening in Resource Poor Settings. Cancer 2000; 89(4): 826-833.
  • Wright T, Denny L, Kuhn L, Pollack A, Lorincz A. Hpv Dna Testing of Self-Collected Vaginal Samples Compared with Cytologic Screening to Detect Cervical Cancer. Jama 2000; 283(1): 81-86.
  • Cronje HS, Parham GP, Cooreman BF, De Beer A, Divall P, Bam RH. A Comparison of Four Screening Methods for Cervical Neoplasia in A Developing Country. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:395-400.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Wesley R, Mahe C, Keita N, Gombe Mbalwa CC, et al. Accuracy of Visual Screening for Cervical Neoplasia: Results From an Iarc Multicentre Study in India And Africa. Int J Cancer 2004; 110: 907-913.
  • Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, et al. Effect of Visual Screening on Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: A Cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2007; 370:(9585): 398-406.
  • National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Endometrial Cancer (PDQ). 2012; http://www.cancer.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 15-05-2013
  • Munkarah A, Chatterjee M, Tainsky MA. Update on Ovarian Cancer Screening. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007;19(1): 22-26.
  • National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer (PDQ). 2012; http://www.cancer.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 15-09-2013].
  • Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Anderson RN, Scott C. Deaths: Final Data For 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2004; 53(5): 1-115.
  • Küçükardalı Y, Solmazgül E, Kaplan M, Şahan B, Salmanoğlu M. Huzurevinde Yaşayan Yaşlı Popülasyonda Osteoporoz Taraması. Turkish Journal Of Geriatrics 2006; 9(1): 25-29
  • Johnell O, Kanis JA. An Estimate of the Worldwide Prevalence, Mortality and Disability Associated with Hip Fracture. Osteoporos Int 2004; 15: 897-902.
  • North American Menopause Society (NAMS). Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2002; 9: 84-101.
  • Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Management of Osteoporosis, A National Clinical Guideline. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Vol.71. SIGN. Edinburgh - 2003. pp:45.
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendations and Rationale. American Family Physician 2002; 66(8): 1430-1432.
  • Kraemer DF, Nelson HD, Bauer DC, Helfand M. Economic Comparison of Diagnostic Approaches for Evaluating Osteoporosis in Older Women. Osteoporos 2005; 17(1): 68-76.
  • Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi RP, et al. Evidence- Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women. Circulation 2004; 109:672-693.
  • Pearson TA. New Tools for Coronary Risk Assessment: What Are Their Advantages and Limitations. Circulation 2002; 105: 886-892.
  • Mctigue K, Harris R, Hemphill B, Lux L, Sutton S, Bunton AJ, Lohr KN. Screening and İnterventions for Obesity in Adults: Summary of the Evidence for The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139(11): 933-949.
  • National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need to Know. Vol. 05-3290. NIH Publication. 2005.
  • National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) . Your Guide To Lowering Blood Pressure. 2006; http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ Erişim tarihi: 1509-2013
  • US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2008;148 (10): 759-765.
  • Özgülnar N, Tözeren A. CYBE için Tarama Yöntemleri Nelerdir, Kimlere Uygulamalı.
  • Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Kongresi; Ankara. 2009. ss.47-49.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Screening for Sexually Transmitted Diseases During The Domestic Medical Examination for Newly Arrived Refugees. 2012; http://www.cdc.gov Erişim tarihi: 15-09-2013
  • Neyzi O, Yolsal N. Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Enfeksiyonlar Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. 2. Baskı. İnsan Kaynağını Geliştirme Vakfı. Aşama Matbaası. İstanbul - 2002. ss:87-89.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA75TA27MV
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülbahtiyar Demirel Bu kişi benim

Zehra Gölbaşı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirel, G., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2015). Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(4), 638-659.
AMA Demirel G, Gölbaşı Z. Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Ekim 2015;4(4):638-659.
Chicago Demirel, Gülbahtiyar, ve Zehra Gölbaşı. “Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4, sy. 4 (Ekim 2015): 638-59.
EndNote Demirel G, Gölbaşı Z (01 Ekim 2015) Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4 4 638–659.
IEEE G. Demirel ve Z. Gölbaşı, “Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 4, ss. 638–659, 2015.
ISNAD Demirel, Gülbahtiyar - Gölbaşı, Zehra. “Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4/4 (Ekim 2015), 638-659.
JAMA Demirel G, Gölbaşı Z. Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4:638–659.
MLA Demirel, Gülbahtiyar ve Zehra Gölbaşı. “Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 4, 2015, ss. 638-59.
Vancouver Demirel G, Gölbaşı Z. Kadın Sağlığı Taramasında Güncel Durum. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4(4):638-59.