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An Ottoman Historiographer: Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 175 - 188, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.442392

Öz

Historical works rendered in Greek during the Ottoman period are not widely known and used in Ottoman studies and are not typically regarded as part of Ottoman historiography. One such work was written by Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis in almost forty years and was only partially published—namely the section narrating the period between 1453 and 1789—in the year 1870 under the title Ta Meta tin Alosin. This book has been so far used mostly in studies written in Greek, and despite its importance, has not been used widely in Ottoman studies. Due to his Phanariot origins, Hypsilantis received a good education and served in prominent posts. Due to his social status and networks, he was in a position to make first-hand observations on matters related to the Orthodox Church, the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, and finally the Russian-Ottoman relations. For this reason, Hypsilantis’ work offers valuable material for historians on these issues from a different perspective. In this article I will first attempt to shed light on the history of the Hypsilantis family as a case study of how a Phanariot family comes to prominence in the Ottoman World. Then, I will look at the content and style of Hypsilantis’ work as well as his life and examine his observations on the affairs of the Orthodox Patriarchates and how he positions himself in these matters. Finally, I will ponder on the reasons behind the disregard for works in Greek such as Hypsilantis’ in Ottoman historiography despite their importance in Ottoman studies.

Kaynakça

  • Afthonidis Germanos. Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμιο Βιογραφικό Λεξικό (c.2, s.106). Atina: Ekdothiki Athinon,1992.
  • Aktepe, M. (1958). Patrona İsyanı (1730). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi.
  • Anastasios, I.E. (1981). Athanasios Komnenos Hypselantes: A biographical Sketch. Greek Orthodox Theological Review, 26, 125-133.
  • Angelomati-Tsougaraki, E. (2009) Ευγένιος Βούλγαρης: Πρακτικά διεθνούς επιστημονικού συνεδρίου, Κέρκυρα, 1-3 Δεκεμβρίου 2006. Atina: Ionio Panepistimo, Kanaki.
  • Arš, G. L. (1985). On the Life in Russia of the Greek Patriotic Family of Ypsilanti. Balkan Studies, 26, 73-90.
  • Aydıner, M. (2007). Râgıb Paşa. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (c. 34, s. 403-406). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  • Balcı S. (2004). Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tercümanlık ve Bab-ı Ali Tercüme Odası. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Baron De Tott F. (1785), Memoirs of the Baron de Tott on the Turks and the Tartars, c. I., Dublin.
  • Batalden, S.K. (1982), Catherine II’s Greek Prelate: Eugenios Voulgaris in Russia 1771-1806. New York: Boulder, Eastern Monographs.
  • Bayraktar Tellan, E. (2011) The Patriarch and the Sultan: The Struggle for Authority and the Quest for Order in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Doktora tezi, Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Boutyras, S.I. (1890). Υψηλάνται. Λεξικόν ιστορίας και γεωγραφίας, (c.9, s. 35-40), İstanbul: Typ. Neologos.
  • Byzantios, S.D. (1851). Η Κωνσταντινούπολις, Cilt I. Atina: Andreas Koromilas.
  • Çolak, H. (2015). The Orthodox Church in the Early Modern Middle East: Relations between the Ottoman Central Administration and the Patriarchates of Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria. Ankara: TTK.
  • Dapontes, K. (1872). Ιστορικός κατάλογος ανδρών επισήμων (1700-1784). K. Sathas (Ed.), Μεσαιωνική Βιβλιοθήκη, c. III içinde (ss. 72-200). Venedik: Typois tou Chronou.
  • Davidova, E. (2013). Balkan Transitions to Modernity and Nation-States Through the Eyes of Three Generations of Merchants (1780s–1890s), Leiden: Brill.
  • Dimitrakopoulos A.K. (1872). Ορθόδοξος Ελλάς : ήτοι περί των Ελλήνων των γραψάντων κατά Λατίνων και περί των συγγραμμάτων αυτών. Leipzig: Metzger&Wittig.
  • Frangos, G.D. (1971) The Philiki Etaireia, 1814-1821: A social and historical analysis. Doktora Tezi, Columbia Üniversitesi, New York.
  • Foster, G.L. (1857). The Past of Ypsilanti: A Discourse. Detroit: Fleming & Davis.
  • Hagen G., Menchinger E. (2014). Ottoman Historical Thought. P. Duara,V. Murthy, A. Sartori (Eds.), A Companion to Global Historical Thought içinde (ss. 92-106). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hypsilantis, A.K. (1972) (G. Afthonidis Haz.). Εκκλησιαστικών και πολιτικών των εις δώδεκα βιβλίον Η', Θ'και Ι' ήτοι τα Μετά την Αλωσιν (1453-1789). Atina: Noti Karavia (1870 baskısının yeniden basımı).
  • Ilıcak, H.Ş. (2011). A radical rethinking of the Empire: Ottoman State and Society during teh Greek War of Independence (1821-1826). Doktora Tezi, Harvard Üniversitesi, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Iorga, N. (2000). Byzantium After Byzantium. Iaşi, Oxford, Portland: The Center for Romanian Studies.
  • Kafsokalybitis N. (1775). […] Ιστορία της Βασιλικής Μονής του Σουμελά, Leipzig: Typ. Wilhelm Gottlob Sommer.
  • Karateke, H. (2013). The Challenge of Periodization: New Patterns in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Historiography. E. Fetvacı, H.E. Çıpa (Eds.), Writing History at the Ottoman Court: Editing the Past, Fashioning the Future içinde (ss.129-154). Bloomington: Indiana Unviersity Press.
  • Kazhdan, A. (1991). Xiphilinos. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press.
  • Kyriakos, A.D. (1898). Εκκλησιαστική ιστορία από της ιδρύσεως της εκκλησίας μέχρι των καθ' ημάς χρόνων: εκ διαφόρων πηγών ερανισθείσα, c.3, Atina: Typ. Anesti Konstantinidou.
  • Legrand, E. (Ed.) (1881). Ephemerides Daces ou chronique de la guerre de quatre ans (1736-1739), (par Constantin Dapontes). Paris: Leroux.
  • Makraios S. (1872). Υπομνήματα εκκλησιαστικής ιστορίας (1750–1800). K. Sathas (Ed.), Μεσαιωνική Βιβλιοθήκη, c. III içinde (ss. 203-419). Venedik: Typois tou Chronou.
  • Mango C. (1973). The Phanariots and the Byzantine Tradition. R. Clogg (ed.), The Struggle for Greek Independence içinde (ss. 41-66). London: Macmillan.
  • Massavetas A. (2013). Διαδρομές στο Φανάρι, τον Μπαλατά και τις Βλαχέρνες. İstanbul: İstos.
  • Pallis A.A. (1951). The Phanariots. A Greek Aristocracy under Turkish Rule. King’s College, Londra’da yapılan konuşma.
  • Papadopoullos T.H. (1990). Studies and Documents Relating to the History of the Greek Church and People under Turkish Domination. Aldershot: Variorum.
  • Patrinelis C.G. (2001) The Phanariots Before 1821. Balkan Studies 42 (2), 177-198.
  • Philliou, C.M. (2004). Worlds, Old and New: Phanariot Networks and the Remaking of Ottoman Governance in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. Doktora tezi, Princeton Üniversitesi, New Jersey.
  • Philliou, C.M. (2009). Communities on the Verge: Unraveling the Phanariot Ascendancy in Ottoman Governance. Comparative Studies in Society and History 51 (1), 151–181.
  • Stamatiadis, E. (1865). Βιογραφίαι των Ελλήνων μεγάλων διερμηνέων του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Atina.
  • Strauss, J. (1999). The Rise of Non-Muslim Historiography in the Eighteenth Century. K. Fleet (Ed.), Oriente Moderno 18 (79), 217-232.
  • Sturdza, M.D. (1983). Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople. Paris.
  • Tibet, A. (1994). İpsilanti Yalısı. Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi, c.4 (ss.185-186). İstanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı ve Tarih Vakfı.
  • Uzunçarşılı, İ.H. (2007). Osmanlı tarihi, IV. Cilt, 1. Kısım. Ankara: TTK.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2016). İsyânın gölgesindeki İstanbul: Yeni arşiv belgeleri ışığında 1730 Patrona İsyânı. Osmanlı İstanbulu IV, (F.M. Emecen, A. Akyıldız, E.S. Gürkan, Ed.) içinde (ss. 411-452). İstanbul: İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Bir Osmanlı Müverrihi: Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 175 - 188, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.442392

Öz

Osmanlı döneminde Rumca yazılmış tarih çalışmaları Osmanlı tarihçiliğinde fazla bilinmemekte ve kullanılmamakta, Osmanlı tarihyazımındaki yerleri yeteri kadar değerlendirilmemektedir. Bu çalışmalardan biri de Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis’in yaklaşık kırk yılda tamamladığı ve 1453-1789 yıllarını anlatan kısmı 1870 yılında yayınlanmış olan Ta Meta tin Alosin’dir. Bugüne kadar daha ziyade Yunanca literatürde kullanılan bu çalışma taşıdığı öneme rağmen Osmanlı tarihçiliğinde yeteri kadar değerlendirilmemiştir. Çalışmanın yazarı Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis (1711-1789?), Fenerli bir aileden gelmesiyle bağlantılı olarak iyi bir eğitim görmüş, bu sayede önemli mevkilerde hizmet etmiştir. Bulunduğu mevkiler ve bağlantıda olduğu şahıslar sayesinde özellikle kilise meselelerinde, Eflak ve Boğdan voyvodalıklarıyla ilgili olaylarda ve daha sonra Ruslarla olan ilişkilerde yakından gözlem yapabilecek bir konumda yer almıştır. Bu sebeple Hypsilantis’in çalışması özellikle bu meselelerde farklı bir açıdan sunulan zengin bir içeriğe sahiptir. Bu makalede öncelikle Fenerli bir ailenin Osmanlı dünyasında önemli bir konuma ne şekilde geldiğine güzel bir örnek oluşturan Hypsilantis ailesinin tarihi aydınlatılmaya çalışılacaktır. Daha sonra Hypsilantis’in hayat hikayesiyle paralel olarak çalışmasının içeriği ve üslûbu hakkında daha detaylı bilgi verilecek, Hypsilantis’in Ortodoks kilisesi ve Patrikhanelerin problemlerine dair gözlemleri ve kendini bu meselelerde nasıl konumlandırdığını tespit etmek amacıyla bu konuda yazdıklarına göz atılacaktır. Son olarak Hypsilantis’in çalışması gibi Rumca eserlerin Osmanlı tarihçiliğinde önemli bir yeri olmasına rağmen neden gözardı edilmiş olabileceğinin muhtemel sebepleri değerlendirilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Afthonidis Germanos. Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμιο Βιογραφικό Λεξικό (c.2, s.106). Atina: Ekdothiki Athinon,1992.
  • Aktepe, M. (1958). Patrona İsyanı (1730). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi.
  • Anastasios, I.E. (1981). Athanasios Komnenos Hypselantes: A biographical Sketch. Greek Orthodox Theological Review, 26, 125-133.
  • Angelomati-Tsougaraki, E. (2009) Ευγένιος Βούλγαρης: Πρακτικά διεθνούς επιστημονικού συνεδρίου, Κέρκυρα, 1-3 Δεκεμβρίου 2006. Atina: Ionio Panepistimo, Kanaki.
  • Arš, G. L. (1985). On the Life in Russia of the Greek Patriotic Family of Ypsilanti. Balkan Studies, 26, 73-90.
  • Aydıner, M. (2007). Râgıb Paşa. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (c. 34, s. 403-406). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  • Balcı S. (2004). Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tercümanlık ve Bab-ı Ali Tercüme Odası. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Baron De Tott F. (1785), Memoirs of the Baron de Tott on the Turks and the Tartars, c. I., Dublin.
  • Batalden, S.K. (1982), Catherine II’s Greek Prelate: Eugenios Voulgaris in Russia 1771-1806. New York: Boulder, Eastern Monographs.
  • Bayraktar Tellan, E. (2011) The Patriarch and the Sultan: The Struggle for Authority and the Quest for Order in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Doktora tezi, Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Boutyras, S.I. (1890). Υψηλάνται. Λεξικόν ιστορίας και γεωγραφίας, (c.9, s. 35-40), İstanbul: Typ. Neologos.
  • Byzantios, S.D. (1851). Η Κωνσταντινούπολις, Cilt I. Atina: Andreas Koromilas.
  • Çolak, H. (2015). The Orthodox Church in the Early Modern Middle East: Relations between the Ottoman Central Administration and the Patriarchates of Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria. Ankara: TTK.
  • Dapontes, K. (1872). Ιστορικός κατάλογος ανδρών επισήμων (1700-1784). K. Sathas (Ed.), Μεσαιωνική Βιβλιοθήκη, c. III içinde (ss. 72-200). Venedik: Typois tou Chronou.
  • Davidova, E. (2013). Balkan Transitions to Modernity and Nation-States Through the Eyes of Three Generations of Merchants (1780s–1890s), Leiden: Brill.
  • Dimitrakopoulos A.K. (1872). Ορθόδοξος Ελλάς : ήτοι περί των Ελλήνων των γραψάντων κατά Λατίνων και περί των συγγραμμάτων αυτών. Leipzig: Metzger&Wittig.
  • Frangos, G.D. (1971) The Philiki Etaireia, 1814-1821: A social and historical analysis. Doktora Tezi, Columbia Üniversitesi, New York.
  • Foster, G.L. (1857). The Past of Ypsilanti: A Discourse. Detroit: Fleming & Davis.
  • Hagen G., Menchinger E. (2014). Ottoman Historical Thought. P. Duara,V. Murthy, A. Sartori (Eds.), A Companion to Global Historical Thought içinde (ss. 92-106). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Hypsilantis, A.K. (1972) (G. Afthonidis Haz.). Εκκλησιαστικών και πολιτικών των εις δώδεκα βιβλίον Η', Θ'και Ι' ήτοι τα Μετά την Αλωσιν (1453-1789). Atina: Noti Karavia (1870 baskısının yeniden basımı).
  • Ilıcak, H.Ş. (2011). A radical rethinking of the Empire: Ottoman State and Society during teh Greek War of Independence (1821-1826). Doktora Tezi, Harvard Üniversitesi, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Iorga, N. (2000). Byzantium After Byzantium. Iaşi, Oxford, Portland: The Center for Romanian Studies.
  • Kafsokalybitis N. (1775). […] Ιστορία της Βασιλικής Μονής του Σουμελά, Leipzig: Typ. Wilhelm Gottlob Sommer.
  • Karateke, H. (2013). The Challenge of Periodization: New Patterns in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Historiography. E. Fetvacı, H.E. Çıpa (Eds.), Writing History at the Ottoman Court: Editing the Past, Fashioning the Future içinde (ss.129-154). Bloomington: Indiana Unviersity Press.
  • Kazhdan, A. (1991). Xiphilinos. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press.
  • Kyriakos, A.D. (1898). Εκκλησιαστική ιστορία από της ιδρύσεως της εκκλησίας μέχρι των καθ' ημάς χρόνων: εκ διαφόρων πηγών ερανισθείσα, c.3, Atina: Typ. Anesti Konstantinidou.
  • Legrand, E. (Ed.) (1881). Ephemerides Daces ou chronique de la guerre de quatre ans (1736-1739), (par Constantin Dapontes). Paris: Leroux.
  • Makraios S. (1872). Υπομνήματα εκκλησιαστικής ιστορίας (1750–1800). K. Sathas (Ed.), Μεσαιωνική Βιβλιοθήκη, c. III içinde (ss. 203-419). Venedik: Typois tou Chronou.
  • Mango C. (1973). The Phanariots and the Byzantine Tradition. R. Clogg (ed.), The Struggle for Greek Independence içinde (ss. 41-66). London: Macmillan.
  • Massavetas A. (2013). Διαδρομές στο Φανάρι, τον Μπαλατά και τις Βλαχέρνες. İstanbul: İstos.
  • Pallis A.A. (1951). The Phanariots. A Greek Aristocracy under Turkish Rule. King’s College, Londra’da yapılan konuşma.
  • Papadopoullos T.H. (1990). Studies and Documents Relating to the History of the Greek Church and People under Turkish Domination. Aldershot: Variorum.
  • Patrinelis C.G. (2001) The Phanariots Before 1821. Balkan Studies 42 (2), 177-198.
  • Philliou, C.M. (2004). Worlds, Old and New: Phanariot Networks and the Remaking of Ottoman Governance in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. Doktora tezi, Princeton Üniversitesi, New Jersey.
  • Philliou, C.M. (2009). Communities on the Verge: Unraveling the Phanariot Ascendancy in Ottoman Governance. Comparative Studies in Society and History 51 (1), 151–181.
  • Stamatiadis, E. (1865). Βιογραφίαι των Ελλήνων μεγάλων διερμηνέων του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Atina.
  • Strauss, J. (1999). The Rise of Non-Muslim Historiography in the Eighteenth Century. K. Fleet (Ed.), Oriente Moderno 18 (79), 217-232.
  • Sturdza, M.D. (1983). Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople. Paris.
  • Tibet, A. (1994). İpsilanti Yalısı. Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi, c.4 (ss.185-186). İstanbul: Kültür Bakanlığı ve Tarih Vakfı.
  • Uzunçarşılı, İ.H. (2007). Osmanlı tarihi, IV. Cilt, 1. Kısım. Ankara: TTK.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2016). İsyânın gölgesindeki İstanbul: Yeni arşiv belgeleri ışığında 1730 Patrona İsyânı. Osmanlı İstanbulu IV, (F.M. Emecen, A. Akyıldız, E.S. Gürkan, Ed.) içinde (ss. 411-452). İstanbul: İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Elif Bayraktar Tellan 0000-0002-5403-7787

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2018
Kabul Tarihi 24 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayraktar Tellan, E. (2018). Bir Osmanlı Müverrihi: Athanasios Komnenos Hypsilantis. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.442392


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