BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The China Model vs. American Soft Power: Going Global and Peaceful

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 153 - 170, 02.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.54684

Öz

As a rising power with a global outlook, China has been regarded as a potential model for the developing countries in the 21st century. Yet, the United States is still the solo superpower as widely recognized. Given that the world's two most important countries now race for their own influences globally, it is critical for both sides to find as many ways as possible to keep lines of communication between them open. The reasons are self-evident since knowledge brings mutual understanding. The lack of reciprocity breeds suspicion, miscalculation, and both hot and cold war. There is no assurance that the two nations can always be best of friends, but there are indeed the potentials of a vigorous partnership. Truly, ignoring each other and the Thucydides trap can be our undoing by working together to concede our differences offers hope not only to the citizens of both countries but to the whole world who are affected by the Sino-US relationship.

Kaynakça

  • BRZEZINSKI, Zbigniew, The Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, New York: Basic Books, 2012.
  • China Daily, “President Xi Jin-ping Addresses at Central Work on Foreign Affairs”, November 30, 2014.
  • CHRISTENSEN, Thomas, “Fostering Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and the U.S. Policy toward East Asia,” International Security, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2006.
  • CHRISTENSEN, Thomas , “The Advantages of an Assertive China: Responding to Beijing’s Abrasive Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 90, No. 2, 2011.
  • Confucius Institute, Sohu News URL: http://news.sohu.com/20070610/ n250489765.shtml, 2007.
  • DIRLIK, Arif, “The Beijing Consensus: Beijing ‘Gong Shi.’ Who Recognizes Whom and to What End?” Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium. 2006, URL: http://www.globalautonomy.ca/global1/article.jsp?index =PP_Dirlik _BeijingConsensus.xml
  • FRIEDBERG, Aaron, A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia, New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, “The Future of History: Can Liberal Democracy Survive the Decline of the Middle Class?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 91, No.1, 2012, URL: http://www.viet-studies.info/kinhte/FA_FutureOfHistory_ Fukuyama.htm
  • GAT, Azar, “The Return of Authoritarian Great Powers,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, No. 4, 2007, URL: http://www.viet-studies.info/Return_of_ Authoritarian_Great_Powers_FA.pdf
  • GOLDSTEIN, Judith, Keohane, Robert, “Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework,” in Judith Goldstein and Robert Keohane eds., Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.
  • HALPER, Stefan, The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model will Dominate the Twenty-First Century, New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • JIAN, Chen, Mao’s China and the Cold War, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • JINTAO, Hu, Report at the Seventeenth Party Congress, 2015, URL: http: //news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-10/24/content_6938568_6.htm.
  • KATZENSTEIN, Peter, KEOHANE, Robert. “Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for Analysis” in Peter Katzenstein & Robert Keohane ed., Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, New York: Cornell University Press, 2007.
  • KATZENSTEIN, Peter, KEOHANE, Robert “Conclusion: Anti-Americanisms and the Polyvalence of America,” in Katzenstein and Keohane eds., Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, New York: Cornell University Press, 2007.
  • KENNEDY, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500-2000, New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
  • LAMPTON, David, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds, Oakland: The University of California Press, 2008.
  • LAYNE, Christopher, “The Unbearable Lightness of Soft Power,” in Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox ed., Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, Historical, and Contemporary Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2010.
  • MEARSHEIMER, John, “The Gathering Storm: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics Vol. 3, No. 4, 2010.
  • MORGENTHAU, Hans, Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace 6th ed., revised by Kenneth Thompson (New York: McGraw Hill, 1985).
  • MOYO, Dambisa, How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly –and the Stark Choices Ahead, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
  • NYE, Joseph. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books, 1990.
  • NYE, Joseph, The Paradox of American Power –Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • NYE, Joseph, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
  • NYE, Joseph, “Responding to my critics and concluding thoughts”, in Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox eds. Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, historical and contemporary perspectives, London: Routledge, 2010.
  • NYE, Joseph, “The Future of Power”, Bulletin of the American Academy, Spring 2011, URL: https://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/spring 2011/power.pdf
  • PEI, Minxin, China’s Trapped Transition: The Limits of Developmental Autocracy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006.
  • People’s Daily, “Honor Belongs to the Great Olympic”, August 24, 2008, URL: http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-08/24/content_9688005 .htm.
  • Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project, China Seen Overtaking U.S. as Global Superpower: 23-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey, July 13, 2011. URL: http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/ 07/PewGlobal-Attitudes-Balance-of-Power-U.S.-Image-Report-FINAL-July-13-2011.pdf
  • RAMO, Jushua Cooper, The Beijing Consensus, London: The Foreign Policy Center, 2004.
  • SCHWELLER, Randall, PU, Xiaoyu, “After Unipolarity: China’s Visions of International Order in an Era of US Decline,”International Security Vol. 36, No. 1, 2011.
  • SUBRAMANIAN, Arvind, “The Inevitable Superpower: Why China’s Dominance is a Sure Thing,” Foreign Affairs Vol. 90, No. 5, 2011.
  • THAYER, Carlyle, “Chinese Assertiveness in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian Responses,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2011.
  • WALT, Stephen, Taming American Power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy, New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “Is the Beijing Consensus Now Dominant?” Asia Policy, No. 13, 2012.
  • ZAKARIA, Fareed, The Post-American World, New York: W.W. Norton, 2008.

The China Model vs. American Soft Power: Going Global and Peaceful

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 153 - 170, 02.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.54684

Öz

Küresel bakış açısıyla yükselen bir güç olan Çin, 21. yüzyılda gelişmekte olan ülkeler için potansiyel bir model olarak görülmektedir. Ancak yaygın görüş, Birleşik Devletler'in hala tek süper güç olduğu yönündedir. Dünya’nın en önemli iki ülkesinin, kendi etki alanları için küresel düzeyde rekabet halinde oldukları düşünüldüğünde; her iki taraf için de aralarındaki iletişim kanallarını açık tutmaya yönelik mümkün olan her yolun denenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bunun nedenleri açıktır, çünkü bilgi karşılıklı anlayışı da beraberinde getirir. Mütekabiliyet eksikliği; şüpheye, yanlış hesaba ve sıcak ve soğuk savaşın her ikisine de neden olur. Her iki milletin sürekli iyi dost olmalarının bir teminatı olmamakla beraber, aslında etkin bir ortaklık potansiyeli taşımaktadır.  Doğrusu, birbirini göz ardı etme ve Thucydides tuzağı felaketimiz olabilir, birlikte çalışarak farklılıklarımızı kabullenmek sadece her iki ülkenin vatandaşlarına değil, Çin-Birleşik Devletler ilişkisinden etkilenen tüm dünyaya umut verecektir. 

Kaynakça

  • BRZEZINSKI, Zbigniew, The Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, New York: Basic Books, 2012.
  • China Daily, “President Xi Jin-ping Addresses at Central Work on Foreign Affairs”, November 30, 2014.
  • CHRISTENSEN, Thomas, “Fostering Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and the U.S. Policy toward East Asia,” International Security, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2006.
  • CHRISTENSEN, Thomas , “The Advantages of an Assertive China: Responding to Beijing’s Abrasive Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 90, No. 2, 2011.
  • Confucius Institute, Sohu News URL: http://news.sohu.com/20070610/ n250489765.shtml, 2007.
  • DIRLIK, Arif, “The Beijing Consensus: Beijing ‘Gong Shi.’ Who Recognizes Whom and to What End?” Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium. 2006, URL: http://www.globalautonomy.ca/global1/article.jsp?index =PP_Dirlik _BeijingConsensus.xml
  • FRIEDBERG, Aaron, A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia, New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, “The Future of History: Can Liberal Democracy Survive the Decline of the Middle Class?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 91, No.1, 2012, URL: http://www.viet-studies.info/kinhte/FA_FutureOfHistory_ Fukuyama.htm
  • GAT, Azar, “The Return of Authoritarian Great Powers,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, No. 4, 2007, URL: http://www.viet-studies.info/Return_of_ Authoritarian_Great_Powers_FA.pdf
  • GOLDSTEIN, Judith, Keohane, Robert, “Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework,” in Judith Goldstein and Robert Keohane eds., Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.
  • HALPER, Stefan, The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model will Dominate the Twenty-First Century, New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • JIAN, Chen, Mao’s China and the Cold War, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • JINTAO, Hu, Report at the Seventeenth Party Congress, 2015, URL: http: //news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-10/24/content_6938568_6.htm.
  • KATZENSTEIN, Peter, KEOHANE, Robert. “Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for Analysis” in Peter Katzenstein & Robert Keohane ed., Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, New York: Cornell University Press, 2007.
  • KATZENSTEIN, Peter, KEOHANE, Robert “Conclusion: Anti-Americanisms and the Polyvalence of America,” in Katzenstein and Keohane eds., Anti-Americanisms in World Politics, New York: Cornell University Press, 2007.
  • KENNEDY, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500-2000, New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
  • LAMPTON, David, The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds, Oakland: The University of California Press, 2008.
  • LAYNE, Christopher, “The Unbearable Lightness of Soft Power,” in Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox ed., Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, Historical, and Contemporary Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2010.
  • MEARSHEIMER, John, “The Gathering Storm: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics Vol. 3, No. 4, 2010.
  • MORGENTHAU, Hans, Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace 6th ed., revised by Kenneth Thompson (New York: McGraw Hill, 1985).
  • MOYO, Dambisa, How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly –and the Stark Choices Ahead, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
  • NYE, Joseph. Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books, 1990.
  • NYE, Joseph, The Paradox of American Power –Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • NYE, Joseph, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
  • NYE, Joseph, “Responding to my critics and concluding thoughts”, in Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox eds. Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, historical and contemporary perspectives, London: Routledge, 2010.
  • NYE, Joseph, “The Future of Power”, Bulletin of the American Academy, Spring 2011, URL: https://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/spring 2011/power.pdf
  • PEI, Minxin, China’s Trapped Transition: The Limits of Developmental Autocracy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006.
  • People’s Daily, “Honor Belongs to the Great Olympic”, August 24, 2008, URL: http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-08/24/content_9688005 .htm.
  • Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project, China Seen Overtaking U.S. as Global Superpower: 23-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey, July 13, 2011. URL: http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/ 07/PewGlobal-Attitudes-Balance-of-Power-U.S.-Image-Report-FINAL-July-13-2011.pdf
  • RAMO, Jushua Cooper, The Beijing Consensus, London: The Foreign Policy Center, 2004.
  • SCHWELLER, Randall, PU, Xiaoyu, “After Unipolarity: China’s Visions of International Order in an Era of US Decline,”International Security Vol. 36, No. 1, 2011.
  • SUBRAMANIAN, Arvind, “The Inevitable Superpower: Why China’s Dominance is a Sure Thing,” Foreign Affairs Vol. 90, No. 5, 2011.
  • THAYER, Carlyle, “Chinese Assertiveness in the South China Sea and Southeast Asian Responses,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2011.
  • WALT, Stephen, Taming American Power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy, New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.
  • WILLIAMSON, John, “Is the Beijing Consensus Now Dominant?” Asia Policy, No. 13, 2012.
  • ZAKARIA, Fareed, The Post-American World, New York: W.W. Norton, 2008.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Xu Pıng

Wang Lı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ekim 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pıng, X., & Lı, W. (2015). The China Model vs. American Soft Power: Going Global and Peaceful. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.54684

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