BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 47 - 52, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.24670

Öz

Reaching the limit values that are necessary for exhaust emissions stemming from motor vehicles is only possible by three-way catalytic converters that make the HC, NOx and CO emissions harmless in spark-ignited engines. The reaction mechanisms of the TWC catalyst is extremely complex. The interactions between the HC, CO and NO change constantly in low and high temperatures. It is observed that especially the hydrocarbon in the gas mixture is extremely influential both on the CO and HC oxidation efficiency, and on NO reduction efficiency. There are more than 200 hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of the spark-ignited engines. Hydrocarbon types also influence the removal of the CO and NO in three-way catalysts. There are complex chemical differences between the gasoline fuel and NG and LPG fuels in the reaction mechanisms of the three-way catalysts. For this reason, the gas mixture that simules the stoichiometric burning exhaust gases was prepared by choosing propane to represent the LPG fuel, and the methane to represent the NG fuel as hydrocarbon.

The HC, CO and NO conversion efficiency of the catalyst were tested by changing the hydrocarbon type used in the gas mixture in 10000/h space velocity and between the temperatures of 150°C and 500°C with 25°C intervals. The propane was oxidized at much lower temperatures than methane, which is consistent with the C-H connection energy. In addition, the propane is a more active reducing agent in reducing the NO, and it is possible to reach the NO conversion efficiency at lower temperatures with propane. Methane or propane existing in the gas mixture as hydrocarbon is not influential on the CO conversion efficiency at a significant level and the T90 temperature of CO is reached at around 200°C in the existence of both gases.

Kaynakça

  • . Şen, M., Emiroğlu, A. O., Çelik, M. B., “CO and C3H8 oxidation activity of Pd/ZnO nanowires/cordierite catalyst. Applied Thermal Engineering.,
  • doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.134. 2016.
  • . Jimmie, L., Williams, Monolith structures, materials, properties and uses, Catalysis Today, 69, USA, Pp: 3–9, 2001.
  • . Pingping, J, Guanzhong, L, Yun, G., Yanglong, G., Shunhai, Z., Xingyi, W., Preparation and properties of a g-Al2O3 washcoat deposited on ceramic honeycomb, Surface & Coatings Technology, 190, 314–320, 2005.
  • . Vernoux, P , Leinekugel-Le-Cocq, A.Y., Gaillard F., Effect of the addition of Na to Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for the reduction of NO by C3H8 and C3H6 under lean-burn conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 219, 247–257, 2003.
  • . Dimitrios, K., Theophilos, I., George, A., Evaggelos, O., Complete oxidation of ethanol over alkali-promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 65, 62–69, 2006.
  • . Pardiwala, J.M., Patel, F., Patel, S., “Review paper on Catalytic Converter for Automotive Exhaust Emission”, 2. Internal Conference on Current Trends in Thecnology, AHMEDABAD – 382 481, 2011.
  • . Bartholomew, C., Farrauto, R., “Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Process”, Second Edition, Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.
  • . McEwen D.J., Automobile Exhaust Hydrocarbon Analysis by Gas Chromatography, Analytical Chemistry, Vol 38, İssue 8, pp. 1047-1053, 1966.
  • . J.R. Gonzalez-Velasco, J.A. Botas, J.A. Gonzalez-Marcos and M.A. Gutierrez-Ortiz, Influence of water and hydrocarbon processed in feedstream on the three-way behaviour of platinum-alumina catalysts, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 12 (61), 1997.
  • . Kang, S. B., Nam, S. B., Cho, B. K., Nam, I. S., Kim, C. H., & Oh, S. H., Effect of speciated HCs on the performance of modern commercial TWCs. Catalysis Today, 231, 3-14. 2014.
  • . Theis, J. R., & McCabe, R. W. The effects of high temperature lean exposure on the subsequent HC conversion of automotive catalysts. Catalysis Today, 184(1), 262-270. 2012.
  • . Wakabayashi, T., Kato, S., Nakahara, Y., Ogasawara, M., & Nakata, S. Oxidation property of Pt/La 7.33 BaYSi 6 O 25.5 catalysts for hydrocarbon species. Catalysis Today, 164(1), 575-579, 2011.
  • . Matam, S. K., Chiarello, G. L., Lu, Y., Weidenkaff, A., & Ferri, D, PdO x/Pd at Work in a Model Three-Way Catalyst for Methane Abatement Monitored by Operando XANES. Topics in Catalysis, 56(1-8), 239-242, 2013.
  • . Matam, S. K., Otal, E. H., Aguirre, M. H., Winkler, A., Ulrich, A., Rentsch, D. & Ferri, D. Thermal and chemical aging of model three-way catalyst Pd/Al2O3 and its impact on the conversion of CNG vehicle exhaust. Catalysis Today, 184(1), 237-244, 2012.
  • . Bounechada, D., Groppi, G., Forzatti, P., Kallinen, K., & Kinnunen, T. Enhanced methane conversion under periodic operation over a Pd/Rh based TWC in the exhausts from NGVs. Topics in catalysis, 56(1-8), 372-377, 2013.
  • . Ohtsuka, H., Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging. Emission Control Science and Technology, 1(1), 108-116, 2014.
  • . Pundkar, A. H., Lawankar, S. M., & Deshmukh, S. Performance and Emissions of LPG Fueled Internal Combustion Engine: A Review. ratio,14(14.7), 15-5, 2012.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 47 - 52, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.24670

Öz

Kaynakça

  • . Şen, M., Emiroğlu, A. O., Çelik, M. B., “CO and C3H8 oxidation activity of Pd/ZnO nanowires/cordierite catalyst. Applied Thermal Engineering.,
  • doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.134. 2016.
  • . Jimmie, L., Williams, Monolith structures, materials, properties and uses, Catalysis Today, 69, USA, Pp: 3–9, 2001.
  • . Pingping, J, Guanzhong, L, Yun, G., Yanglong, G., Shunhai, Z., Xingyi, W., Preparation and properties of a g-Al2O3 washcoat deposited on ceramic honeycomb, Surface & Coatings Technology, 190, 314–320, 2005.
  • . Vernoux, P , Leinekugel-Le-Cocq, A.Y., Gaillard F., Effect of the addition of Na to Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for the reduction of NO by C3H8 and C3H6 under lean-burn conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 219, 247–257, 2003.
  • . Dimitrios, K., Theophilos, I., George, A., Evaggelos, O., Complete oxidation of ethanol over alkali-promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 65, 62–69, 2006.
  • . Pardiwala, J.M., Patel, F., Patel, S., “Review paper on Catalytic Converter for Automotive Exhaust Emission”, 2. Internal Conference on Current Trends in Thecnology, AHMEDABAD – 382 481, 2011.
  • . Bartholomew, C., Farrauto, R., “Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Process”, Second Edition, Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.
  • . McEwen D.J., Automobile Exhaust Hydrocarbon Analysis by Gas Chromatography, Analytical Chemistry, Vol 38, İssue 8, pp. 1047-1053, 1966.
  • . J.R. Gonzalez-Velasco, J.A. Botas, J.A. Gonzalez-Marcos and M.A. Gutierrez-Ortiz, Influence of water and hydrocarbon processed in feedstream on the three-way behaviour of platinum-alumina catalysts, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 12 (61), 1997.
  • . Kang, S. B., Nam, S. B., Cho, B. K., Nam, I. S., Kim, C. H., & Oh, S. H., Effect of speciated HCs on the performance of modern commercial TWCs. Catalysis Today, 231, 3-14. 2014.
  • . Theis, J. R., & McCabe, R. W. The effects of high temperature lean exposure on the subsequent HC conversion of automotive catalysts. Catalysis Today, 184(1), 262-270. 2012.
  • . Wakabayashi, T., Kato, S., Nakahara, Y., Ogasawara, M., & Nakata, S. Oxidation property of Pt/La 7.33 BaYSi 6 O 25.5 catalysts for hydrocarbon species. Catalysis Today, 164(1), 575-579, 2011.
  • . Matam, S. K., Chiarello, G. L., Lu, Y., Weidenkaff, A., & Ferri, D, PdO x/Pd at Work in a Model Three-Way Catalyst for Methane Abatement Monitored by Operando XANES. Topics in Catalysis, 56(1-8), 239-242, 2013.
  • . Matam, S. K., Otal, E. H., Aguirre, M. H., Winkler, A., Ulrich, A., Rentsch, D. & Ferri, D. Thermal and chemical aging of model three-way catalyst Pd/Al2O3 and its impact on the conversion of CNG vehicle exhaust. Catalysis Today, 184(1), 237-244, 2012.
  • . Bounechada, D., Groppi, G., Forzatti, P., Kallinen, K., & Kinnunen, T. Enhanced methane conversion under periodic operation over a Pd/Rh based TWC in the exhausts from NGVs. Topics in catalysis, 56(1-8), 372-377, 2013.
  • . Ohtsuka, H., Pt-Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 for Controlling Emissions from Natural Gas Engines: Three-Way Catalytic Activity at Low Temperatures and Effects of SO2 Aging. Emission Control Science and Technology, 1(1), 108-116, 2014.
  • . Pundkar, A. H., Lawankar, S. M., & Deshmukh, S. Performance and Emissions of LPG Fueled Internal Combustion Engine: A Review. ratio,14(14.7), 15-5, 2012.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Article
Yazarlar

Alaattin Osman Emiroğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Emiroğlu, A. O. (2016). Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 5(2), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.24670
AMA Emiroğlu AO. Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. Temmuz 2016;5(2):47-52. doi:10.18245/ijaet.24670
Chicago Emiroğlu, Alaattin Osman. “Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2016): 47-52. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.24670.
EndNote Emiroğlu AO (01 Temmuz 2016) Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5 2 47–52.
IEEE A. O. Emiroğlu, “Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 47–52, 2016, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.24670.
ISNAD Emiroğlu, Alaattin Osman. “Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5/2 (Temmuz 2016), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.24670.
JAMA Emiroğlu AO. Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2016;5:47–52.
MLA Emiroğlu, Alaattin Osman. “Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, c. 5, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 47-52, doi:10.18245/ijaet.24670.
Vancouver Emiroğlu AO. Investigation of Effect of Propane and Methane Gases on Commercial Catalytic Converter Activity. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2016;5(2):47-52.