BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 35 - 41, 10.02.2012

Öz

In this paper, a review of the experimental investigations on the fuel-NOx formation during flameless combustion is presented. The first series of experiments described in the paper were conducted using ammonia doped synthetic gases with different compositions. During these experiments, the influence of gas composition on the conversion of ammonia (NH3) to NOx is investigated. The second series of experiments were conducted using product gas generated in a fluidized bed gasifier. These results show the dependencies between the gasifier operating parameters, product gas composition and final NOx emissions. Moreover, the concentrations of the ammonia and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the product gas were measured in order to calculate the conversion ratios of these compounds to NOx. The results show the significant influence of the gas composition and the gasifier process parameters on the final NOx emissions. In particular, the hydrocarbon content influences the ammonia to NOx conversion. The lowest NOx emissions and therefore the lowest conversion ratios were measured while burning gases with a low hydrocarbon content. An increase of the hydrocarbon concentration in the gas corresponded to a rapid increase in the conversion ratios.

Kaynakça

  • Wünning J.A. and Wünning J.G., 1997, Flameless oxidation to reduce thermal-NO formation, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 23, pp.81–94.
  • Becidan M., Skreiberg Ø., Hustad J.E., 2007, NOx and N2O Precursors (NH3 and HCN) in Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues, Energy Fuels 21, p. 1173-1180, (2007).
  • Cavaliere A., De Joannon M., 2004, Mild Combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 30, pp. 329-366.
  • Choudhuri A.R., Gollahalli S.R., 2003, Characteristics of hydrogen-hydrocarbon composite fuel turbulent jet flames, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 28, pp 445 – 454.
  • Galletti C., Parente A., Tognotti L., 2007, Numerical and experimental investigation of a mild combustion burner, Combust. Flame 151, pp. 649-664.
  • German Standard DIN 38406-E5, 1983, Methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; determination of ammonia-nitrogen (E5).
  • German Standard DIN 38405-D13, 1981, Methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; determination of cyanides (D13).
  • Leppälahti J., Koljonen T., 1995, Nitrogen evolution from coal, peat and wood during gasification: Literature review, Fuel Proc. Tech. 43, pp. 1-45.
  • Schuster A., Zieba M., Wünning J.G., Scheffknecht G., of combustion system by applying flameless oxidation”, Proceedings of 15th IFRF Members’ Conference, Pisa.
  • Schuster A., Zieba M., Scheffknecht G., Wünning J.G., 2007, “Application of FLOX® Technology for the utilisation of low-grade biofuels”, Proceedings of 15th European Biomass Conference, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1703-1706.
  • Skreiberg Ø., Kilpinen P., Glarborg P., 2004, Ammonia chemistry below 1400 K, Combust. Flame 136, pp. 501- 518.
  • Zieba. M, Schuster A., Scheffknecht G., 2009a, Influence of gas composition on ammonia to NOx conversion during flameless combustion of low calorific value gases, Proceedings of 16th IFRF Members’ Conference, Boston.
  • Zieba. M. Brink. A., Schuster A., Hupa M., Scheffknecht G., 2009b, Ammonia chemistry in a flameless jet, Combust. Flame 156, pp. 1950-1956.
Yıl 2012, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 35 - 41, 10.02.2012

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Wünning J.A. and Wünning J.G., 1997, Flameless oxidation to reduce thermal-NO formation, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 23, pp.81–94.
  • Becidan M., Skreiberg Ø., Hustad J.E., 2007, NOx and N2O Precursors (NH3 and HCN) in Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues, Energy Fuels 21, p. 1173-1180, (2007).
  • Cavaliere A., De Joannon M., 2004, Mild Combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 30, pp. 329-366.
  • Choudhuri A.R., Gollahalli S.R., 2003, Characteristics of hydrogen-hydrocarbon composite fuel turbulent jet flames, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 28, pp 445 – 454.
  • Galletti C., Parente A., Tognotti L., 2007, Numerical and experimental investigation of a mild combustion burner, Combust. Flame 151, pp. 649-664.
  • German Standard DIN 38406-E5, 1983, Methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; determination of ammonia-nitrogen (E5).
  • German Standard DIN 38405-D13, 1981, Methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; determination of cyanides (D13).
  • Leppälahti J., Koljonen T., 1995, Nitrogen evolution from coal, peat and wood during gasification: Literature review, Fuel Proc. Tech. 43, pp. 1-45.
  • Schuster A., Zieba M., Wünning J.G., Scheffknecht G., of combustion system by applying flameless oxidation”, Proceedings of 15th IFRF Members’ Conference, Pisa.
  • Schuster A., Zieba M., Scheffknecht G., Wünning J.G., 2007, “Application of FLOX® Technology for the utilisation of low-grade biofuels”, Proceedings of 15th European Biomass Conference, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1703-1706.
  • Skreiberg Ø., Kilpinen P., Glarborg P., 2004, Ammonia chemistry below 1400 K, Combust. Flame 136, pp. 501- 518.
  • Zieba. M, Schuster A., Scheffknecht G., 2009a, Influence of gas composition on ammonia to NOx conversion during flameless combustion of low calorific value gases, Proceedings of 16th IFRF Members’ Conference, Boston.
  • Zieba. M. Brink. A., Schuster A., Hupa M., Scheffknecht G., 2009b, Ammonia chemistry in a flameless jet, Combust. Flame 156, pp. 1950-1956.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Invited ECOS 2010 Paper for ECOS Special Issue
Yazarlar

Mariusz Zieba

Mathias Fink Bu kişi benim

Anja Schuster Bu kişi benim

Günther Scheffknecht Bu kişi benim

Roland Berger Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Şubat 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Zieba, M., Fink, M., Schuster, A., Scheffknecht, G., vd. (2012). The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases. International Journal of Thermodynamics, 15(1), 35-41.
AMA Zieba M, Fink M, Schuster A, Scheffknecht G, Berger R. The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases. International Journal of Thermodynamics. Şubat 2012;15(1):35-41.
Chicago Zieba, Mariusz, Mathias Fink, Anja Schuster, Günther Scheffknecht, ve Roland Berger. “The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide During Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 15, sy. 1 (Şubat 2012): 35-41.
EndNote Zieba M, Fink M, Schuster A, Scheffknecht G, Berger R (01 Şubat 2012) The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases. International Journal of Thermodynamics 15 1 35–41.
IEEE M. Zieba, M. Fink, A. Schuster, G. Scheffknecht, ve R. Berger, “The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases”, International Journal of Thermodynamics, c. 15, sy. 1, ss. 35–41, 2012.
ISNAD Zieba, Mariusz vd. “The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide During Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 15/1 (Şubat 2012), 35-41.
JAMA Zieba M, Fink M, Schuster A, Scheffknecht G, Berger R. The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2012;15:35–41.
MLA Zieba, Mariusz vd. “The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide During Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases”. International Journal of Thermodynamics, c. 15, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 35-41.
Vancouver Zieba M, Fink M, Schuster A, Scheffknecht G, Berger R. The Fate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide during Flameless Combustion of Low Calorific Value Gases. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2012;15(1):35-41.