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A PROBLEM ANALYSIS OVER HUMANITARIAN AID ISSUES BASED ON AID PRINCIPLES AND METHODOLOGY OF DONORS DEPENDENCY AND POST-DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 81 - 114, 26.12.2018

Öz

Aid coordination is in a constant theme of discussion among national and

international aid agencies in their search for more effectiveness and efficiency

in delivering development assistance. Not only at the international scope but

also at the national and regional scales, coordination always seems to be

cumbersome when it comes to donations and charity issues. In this study it is

tried to sketch out literature in the domain of international aid and with a

solution finding of both theoretical and conceptual approaches to the

problems that hinder coordination amongst donors and aid agencies are laid

out to be analyzed and scrutinized. One of the main arguments is that lack of

coordination not only does spoil market resilience in the recipient country but

also hamper ecosystem and investment climate that make poor countries more

and more aid-dependent. It is concluded that the stakeholders of donors and

funding institutions have their own agendas in which coordination with

other donors does not seem to be a priority.


Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D.; Johnson, S.; Robinson, J. (2002). "The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth". National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 9378 http://www.nber.org/papers/w9378.
  • Acemoglu, D.; Johnson, S.; Robinson, J. A. (2001). "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation". The American Economic Review, 1369-1401.
  • Alesina, A. (1994). "The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Review of the Recent Literature". World Bank Economic Review, 8(3), 351-371.
  • Anonim. (2007). gini vs gdp. Retrieved from Mind Contagion: http://www.mindcontagion.org/html/gini_vs_gdp.html
  • Anonim. (2015). Environmental, Economic, Social and Political Factors Affecting Development – Global imbalance of Trade between Different Parts of the World. Retrieved from Cool Geography: http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Development_Gap/Factors _affecting_inequalities/Factors_affecting_development.htm
  • Anonim. (2015). The Standards. Retrieved from Core Humanitarian: https://corehumanitarianstandard.org/the-standard
  • Anonim. (2016). What to Make of Decree 68/2016. Retrieved from Odessa: https://odessablog.wordpress.com/2016/02/28/what-to-make-of-decree- 682016-on-promotion-of-civil-society-in-ukraine/
  • Anonim. (2018). UNOCHA. Retrieved from appeals: https://fts.unocha.org/
  • Ateş, H.; Es, M.; Bayraktar, Y. (2005). "Dependency Theory: Still an Appropriate Tool for Understanding the Political Economy of the Middle- East?". Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, http://edergi. atauni.edu.tr/atauniiibd/article/view/1025003654.
  • Azam, J. P.; Laffont, J. J. (2003). "Contracting for Aid". Journal of Development Economics, 25-58.
  • Barrett, C. B.; Maxwell, D. G. (2005). Food Aid after Fifty Years: Recasting its Role. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bergstrom, T. L.; Varian, H. (1986). "On the Private Provision of Public Goods". Journal of Public Economics, 25-49.
  • Bigsten, A.; Tengstam, S. (2015). "International Coordination and the Effectiveness of Aid". World Development Published by Elsevier, 75–85.
  • Birdsall, N.; Kharas, H. (2010). Quality of Official Development Assistance. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development: CGD report.
  • Bourguignon, F.; Platteau, J. P. (2015). "The Hard Challenge of Aid Coordination". World Development, 86-97.
  • Burnside, C. A. (2000). "Aid, Policies and Growth". American Economic Review, 847-868.
  • Cardosso, F. H.; Falleto, E. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. California: University of California Press.
  • Chamberlin, J. (1974). "Provision of Collective Goods as a Function of Group Size". American Political Science Review, 707-716.
  • Chang, H. J. (2002). "Breaking the Mould: An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Neo-Liberal Theory of the Market and the State". Cambridge Journal of Economics, 539–559.
  • Clay, E. J. (2003). "Responding to Change: WFP a nd t he G lobal F ood A id System". Development Policy Review, 21(5-6), 697-709.
  • Collier, P. (2007). The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford University Press .
  • Collier, P. A. (2002). "Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction". European Economic Review, 1475-1500.
  • Cornes, R., Itaya, J. (2003). "Models with Two or More Public Goods". University of Nottingham Discussion Paper , 03/21.
  • Cornes, R.; Schweinberger, A. (1996). "Free Riding and the Inefficiency of the Private Production of Pure Public Goods". The Canadian Journal of Economics, 70-91.
  • Dawson, J. (1998). "Institutions, Investment, and Growth: New Cross-Country and Panel Data Evidence". Economic Inquiry, XXXVI, 603-619.
  • Devarajan, S.; Swaroop, V. (1998). The Implications of Foreign Aid Fungibility for Development Assistance. World Bank.
  • Easterly, W. (2006). The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Ferraro, V. (1996). Dependency Theory: An Introduction. Mount Holyoke College, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d715/82f1a87a914036b3af3696b2 be5e8411a7c8.pdf.
  • Gao, U. (2012). Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives: Stronger Controls Needed in High-Risk Areas of WFP. Washington: GAO.
  • Gao, U. (2015). USAID Should Systematically Assess the Effectiveness of Key Conditional Food Aid Activities. Washington: GAO.
  • Halonen-Akatwijuka, M. (2005). Coordination Failure in Foreign Aid. Retrieved from siteresources: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2004/ Resources/coordfailurewb.pdf
  • Hardoon, D. (2011). Bribe Payers Index 2011: When Trade is anything but Free. Retrieved from Tranparency: http://blog.transparency.org/2011/11/02/ bribe-payers-index-2011-when-trade-is-anything-but-free/
  • Harvey, P.; Proudlock, K.; Clay, E.; Riley, B.; Jaspars, S. (2010). Food Aid and Food Assistance in Emergency and Transitional Contexts: A Review of Current Thinking. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284720346_Food_aid_ and_food_assistance_in_emergency_and_transitional_contexts_a_review_of_current_thinking: Humanitarian Policy Group.
  • Hopkins, R. F. (1992). "Reform in the International Food Aid Regime: The Role of Consensual Knowledge". International Organization, 46(1), 225-264.
  • Keenan, F. J. (2011). "Effective Management in International Development: What Works and What Doesn’t". Ivey Business Journal.
  • Kemp, M. (1984). "A Note on the Theory of International Transfers". Economic Letters, 259-262.
  • King, R. F. (1999). "Welfare Reform: Block Grants, Expenditure Caps, and the Paradox of the Food Stamp Program". Political Science Quarterly, 3(114).
  • Mari, A . ( 2013). " IT A dds E fficiency t o t he W orld F ood P rogramme's Battle against Hunger". Computer Weekly, 9(24), 9-10.
  • Matumula, P. (2016). Carton Moovement. Retrieved from Aid Dependency: https://www.cartoonmovement.com/cartoon/8990
  • Mayo, D. (2009). Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • McGuire, M. (1976). "Group Homogeneity and Aggregate Provision of a Pure Public Good under Cournot Behavior". Public Choice, 107-126.
  • Mul, E . D . ( 2002). C oordination o f H umanitarian A id — A UN Perspective. The Lancet.
  • Murphy, J. (2013). "Using Sustainable Practices to Improve Food and Water Security". Geodate, 26(2).
  • Nursi, B. S. (1655). Lemalar. İstanbul: Envar Neşriyat.
  • Nursi, B. S. (1950). Hutbe-i Şamiye. İstanbul: Envar Neşriyat.
  • OIOS, U. K. (2006). World Food Programme: Review of the Arrangements for Reporting Post Delivery Food Losses to the Executive Board. UN.
  • Olson, M. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Paksu, M. (2006). Dilencilere Para Vermenin Hükmü, Ebû Dâvûd, Zekât, 26/1641; İbn-i Mâce, Ticârât, 25. Retrieved from Sorularla İslamiyet: https://sorularlaislamiyet.com/dilencilere-para-vermenin-durumu-nedirdilenmek- gunah-midir
  • Palfrey, T.; Rosenthal, H. (1984). "Participation and the Provision of Discrete Public Goods: A Strategic Analysis". Journal of Public Economics, 171-193.
  • Poppendieck, J. (1997). "The USA: Hunger in the Land of Plenty". In First World Hunger: Food Security and Welfare Politics, G. Riches (Ed.), Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 134-164.
  • Ramachandran, V.; Leo, B.; McCarthy, O. (2013). "Strategies to Improve the World Foood Programme's Revenue Mobilisation and Procurement Practices". Development Policy Review, 32(3), 321-341.
  • Rangarajan, C. (1967). "International Aid: An Introduction to the Problem of the Book Review for: International Aid: An Introduction to the Problem oj the Flow of Public Resources from Rich to Poor Countries. By I.M.D. LITTLE and J. M. CLIFFORD". Journal of Finance, 722-725.
  • Ross, S. (2007). "The World Food Programme: A Case of Benign US Policy?". Australian Journal of International Affairs, 267-281.
  • Sayigh, Y. A. (1991). Elusive Development: From Dependence to Self-Reliance in the Arab Region. London: Routledge.
  • Shaw, D. J. (2001). The UN World Food Programme and the Development of Food Aid. Hampshire: Palgrave.
  • Shaw, J.; Clay, E. (1993). World Food Aid: Experiences of Recipients and Donors . Rome, London and Portsmouth: World Food Programme in Association with James Currey.
  • Smillie, I. (2009). Freedom from Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That’s Winning the Fight Against Poverty. Kumarian Press .
  • Spector, B. I.; Wagner, L. M. (2013). "Negotiating International Development". International Negotiation, 327–340.
  • Stevens, R. (1966). "Book Review: International Aid. By I. M. D. LITTLE and J. M. CLIFFORD". Economic Journal, 648-650.
  • Torsvik, G. (2005). "Foreign Economic Aid; Should Donors Cooperate?". Journal of Development Economics, 503-515.
  • WFP. (2018). "Contributions to WFP: Comparative Figures and Five-Year Aggregate Ranking". Retrieved from http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/ public/documents/research/wfp232961.pdf?_ga=1.35151329.1515096639.1477 294381
  • WPF. (2006). Food Procurement in Developing Countries. Rome: WPF, WFP/EB.1/2006/5-C.

BAĞIŞ SAHİPLERİNİN YARDIM İLKELERİ VE YÖNTEMLERİ ÜZERİNDEN İNSANİ YARDIM KONULARININ BAĞIMLILIK VE KALKINMA SONRASI TEORİLERİYLE SORUN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 81 - 114, 26.12.2018

Öz

Yardım koordinasyonu, ulusal ve uluslararası yardım kuruluşları arasında,

kalkınma yardımlarının sağlanmasında daha fazla etkinlik ve verimlilik

arayışında olan sürekli bir tartışma konusudur. Bağış ve hayır işlerinde

sadece uluslararası kapsamda değil, ulusal ve bölgesel ölçeklerde de,

koordinasyon her zaman zahmetli görünmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası

yardımlar alanında literatürün taslak haline getirilmesi ve vericiler arasında

koordinasyonu engelleyen sorunlara hem teorik hem de kavramsal

yaklaşımların çözümünde çözüm bulunmaya çalışılmış ve yardım

kuruluşları analiz edilerek incelenmiştir. Temel argümanlardan biri,

koordinasyon eksikliğinin sadece alıcı ülkede pazar esnekliğini bozmakla

kalmayıp aynı zamanda yoksul ülkelere daha fazla yardım bağımlı hale

getiren ekosistem ve yatırım ortamını da engellemesidir. Bağışçı ve fon veren

kurumların paydaşlarının, diğer bağışçılarla koordinasyonun öncelikli

olmadığı birtakım özel gündemleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.


Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D.; Johnson, S.; Robinson, J. (2002). "The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth". National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 9378 http://www.nber.org/papers/w9378.
  • Acemoglu, D.; Johnson, S.; Robinson, J. A. (2001). "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation". The American Economic Review, 1369-1401.
  • Alesina, A. (1994). "The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Review of the Recent Literature". World Bank Economic Review, 8(3), 351-371.
  • Anonim. (2007). gini vs gdp. Retrieved from Mind Contagion: http://www.mindcontagion.org/html/gini_vs_gdp.html
  • Anonim. (2015). Environmental, Economic, Social and Political Factors Affecting Development – Global imbalance of Trade between Different Parts of the World. Retrieved from Cool Geography: http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Development_Gap/Factors _affecting_inequalities/Factors_affecting_development.htm
  • Anonim. (2015). The Standards. Retrieved from Core Humanitarian: https://corehumanitarianstandard.org/the-standard
  • Anonim. (2016). What to Make of Decree 68/2016. Retrieved from Odessa: https://odessablog.wordpress.com/2016/02/28/what-to-make-of-decree- 682016-on-promotion-of-civil-society-in-ukraine/
  • Anonim. (2018). UNOCHA. Retrieved from appeals: https://fts.unocha.org/
  • Ateş, H.; Es, M.; Bayraktar, Y. (2005). "Dependency Theory: Still an Appropriate Tool for Understanding the Political Economy of the Middle- East?". Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, http://edergi. atauni.edu.tr/atauniiibd/article/view/1025003654.
  • Azam, J. P.; Laffont, J. J. (2003). "Contracting for Aid". Journal of Development Economics, 25-58.
  • Barrett, C. B.; Maxwell, D. G. (2005). Food Aid after Fifty Years: Recasting its Role. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bergstrom, T. L.; Varian, H. (1986). "On the Private Provision of Public Goods". Journal of Public Economics, 25-49.
  • Bigsten, A.; Tengstam, S. (2015). "International Coordination and the Effectiveness of Aid". World Development Published by Elsevier, 75–85.
  • Birdsall, N.; Kharas, H. (2010). Quality of Official Development Assistance. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development: CGD report.
  • Bourguignon, F.; Platteau, J. P. (2015). "The Hard Challenge of Aid Coordination". World Development, 86-97.
  • Burnside, C. A. (2000). "Aid, Policies and Growth". American Economic Review, 847-868.
  • Cardosso, F. H.; Falleto, E. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. California: University of California Press.
  • Chamberlin, J. (1974). "Provision of Collective Goods as a Function of Group Size". American Political Science Review, 707-716.
  • Chang, H. J. (2002). "Breaking the Mould: An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Neo-Liberal Theory of the Market and the State". Cambridge Journal of Economics, 539–559.
  • Clay, E. J. (2003). "Responding to Change: WFP a nd t he G lobal F ood A id System". Development Policy Review, 21(5-6), 697-709.
  • Collier, P. (2007). The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. Oxford University Press .
  • Collier, P. A. (2002). "Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction". European Economic Review, 1475-1500.
  • Cornes, R., Itaya, J. (2003). "Models with Two or More Public Goods". University of Nottingham Discussion Paper , 03/21.
  • Cornes, R.; Schweinberger, A. (1996). "Free Riding and the Inefficiency of the Private Production of Pure Public Goods". The Canadian Journal of Economics, 70-91.
  • Dawson, J. (1998). "Institutions, Investment, and Growth: New Cross-Country and Panel Data Evidence". Economic Inquiry, XXXVI, 603-619.
  • Devarajan, S.; Swaroop, V. (1998). The Implications of Foreign Aid Fungibility for Development Assistance. World Bank.
  • Easterly, W. (2006). The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Ferraro, V. (1996). Dependency Theory: An Introduction. Mount Holyoke College, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d715/82f1a87a914036b3af3696b2 be5e8411a7c8.pdf.
  • Gao, U. (2012). Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives: Stronger Controls Needed in High-Risk Areas of WFP. Washington: GAO.
  • Gao, U. (2015). USAID Should Systematically Assess the Effectiveness of Key Conditional Food Aid Activities. Washington: GAO.
  • Halonen-Akatwijuka, M. (2005). Coordination Failure in Foreign Aid. Retrieved from siteresources: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2004/ Resources/coordfailurewb.pdf
  • Hardoon, D. (2011). Bribe Payers Index 2011: When Trade is anything but Free. Retrieved from Tranparency: http://blog.transparency.org/2011/11/02/ bribe-payers-index-2011-when-trade-is-anything-but-free/
  • Harvey, P.; Proudlock, K.; Clay, E.; Riley, B.; Jaspars, S. (2010). Food Aid and Food Assistance in Emergency and Transitional Contexts: A Review of Current Thinking. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284720346_Food_aid_ and_food_assistance_in_emergency_and_transitional_contexts_a_review_of_current_thinking: Humanitarian Policy Group.
  • Hopkins, R. F. (1992). "Reform in the International Food Aid Regime: The Role of Consensual Knowledge". International Organization, 46(1), 225-264.
  • Keenan, F. J. (2011). "Effective Management in International Development: What Works and What Doesn’t". Ivey Business Journal.
  • Kemp, M. (1984). "A Note on the Theory of International Transfers". Economic Letters, 259-262.
  • King, R. F. (1999). "Welfare Reform: Block Grants, Expenditure Caps, and the Paradox of the Food Stamp Program". Political Science Quarterly, 3(114).
  • Mari, A . ( 2013). " IT A dds E fficiency t o t he W orld F ood P rogramme's Battle against Hunger". Computer Weekly, 9(24), 9-10.
  • Matumula, P. (2016). Carton Moovement. Retrieved from Aid Dependency: https://www.cartoonmovement.com/cartoon/8990
  • Mayo, D. (2009). Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • McGuire, M. (1976). "Group Homogeneity and Aggregate Provision of a Pure Public Good under Cournot Behavior". Public Choice, 107-126.
  • Mul, E . D . ( 2002). C oordination o f H umanitarian A id — A UN Perspective. The Lancet.
  • Murphy, J. (2013). "Using Sustainable Practices to Improve Food and Water Security". Geodate, 26(2).
  • Nursi, B. S. (1655). Lemalar. İstanbul: Envar Neşriyat.
  • Nursi, B. S. (1950). Hutbe-i Şamiye. İstanbul: Envar Neşriyat.
  • OIOS, U. K. (2006). World Food Programme: Review of the Arrangements for Reporting Post Delivery Food Losses to the Executive Board. UN.
  • Olson, M. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Paksu, M. (2006). Dilencilere Para Vermenin Hükmü, Ebû Dâvûd, Zekât, 26/1641; İbn-i Mâce, Ticârât, 25. Retrieved from Sorularla İslamiyet: https://sorularlaislamiyet.com/dilencilere-para-vermenin-durumu-nedirdilenmek- gunah-midir
  • Palfrey, T.; Rosenthal, H. (1984). "Participation and the Provision of Discrete Public Goods: A Strategic Analysis". Journal of Public Economics, 171-193.
  • Poppendieck, J. (1997). "The USA: Hunger in the Land of Plenty". In First World Hunger: Food Security and Welfare Politics, G. Riches (Ed.), Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 134-164.
  • Ramachandran, V.; Leo, B.; McCarthy, O. (2013). "Strategies to Improve the World Foood Programme's Revenue Mobilisation and Procurement Practices". Development Policy Review, 32(3), 321-341.
  • Rangarajan, C. (1967). "International Aid: An Introduction to the Problem of the Book Review for: International Aid: An Introduction to the Problem oj the Flow of Public Resources from Rich to Poor Countries. By I.M.D. LITTLE and J. M. CLIFFORD". Journal of Finance, 722-725.
  • Ross, S. (2007). "The World Food Programme: A Case of Benign US Policy?". Australian Journal of International Affairs, 267-281.
  • Sayigh, Y. A. (1991). Elusive Development: From Dependence to Self-Reliance in the Arab Region. London: Routledge.
  • Shaw, D. J. (2001). The UN World Food Programme and the Development of Food Aid. Hampshire: Palgrave.
  • Shaw, J.; Clay, E. (1993). World Food Aid: Experiences of Recipients and Donors . Rome, London and Portsmouth: World Food Programme in Association with James Currey.
  • Smillie, I. (2009). Freedom from Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That’s Winning the Fight Against Poverty. Kumarian Press .
  • Spector, B. I.; Wagner, L. M. (2013). "Negotiating International Development". International Negotiation, 327–340.
  • Stevens, R. (1966). "Book Review: International Aid. By I. M. D. LITTLE and J. M. CLIFFORD". Economic Journal, 648-650.
  • Torsvik, G. (2005). "Foreign Economic Aid; Should Donors Cooperate?". Journal of Development Economics, 503-515.
  • WFP. (2018). "Contributions to WFP: Comparative Figures and Five-Year Aggregate Ranking". Retrieved from http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/ public/documents/research/wfp232961.pdf?_ga=1.35151329.1515096639.1477 294381
  • WPF. (2006). Food Procurement in Developing Countries. Rome: WPF, WFP/EB.1/2006/5-C.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahmet Efe

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Efe, A. (2018). A PROBLEM ANALYSIS OVER HUMANITARIAN AID ISSUES BASED ON AID PRINCIPLES AND METHODOLOGY OF DONORS DEPENDENCY AND POST-DEVELOPMENT THEORIES. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 11(2), 81-114.

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