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URBAN VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ASSESSMENT ON İSTANBUL

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 219 - 257, 26.12.2018

Öz

Risks related to climate change increase continuously in urban centers with

concentrated population and economic activities. Climate change and

successive effects influence all aspects of urban life, threaten the life and

livelihood of the urban population and even lead to mass migration. The

unique socio-economic and spatial structure of the cities increases their

sensitivity to the effects of climate change, thus rendering them vulnerable to

climate change. Therefore, it is not possible to plan the future of urban areas

without considering the climate change. The first step in creating resilient

cities to climate change is to determine the urban-specific vulnerabilities.

Based on this premise, the present study aimed to identify the indicators of

urban vulnerability to climate change and to assess İstanbul's vulnerability

based on these indicators. In the framework of the above-mentioned objective,

initially, the effects of climate change on cities were scrutinized, and then the

indicators that could be applied in the assessment of urban vulnerability were

determined. Finally, the vulnerability of İstanbul to climate change was

evaluated based on the determined indicators.


Kaynakça

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İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE KARŞI KENTSEL KIRILGANLIK: İSTANBUL İÇİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 219 - 257, 26.12.2018

Öz

Nüfusun ve ekonomik etkinliklerin yoğunlaştığı merkezler olan kentlerde iklim değişikliğine bağlı riskler giderek artmaktadır. İklim değişikliği, neden olduğu zincirleme etkilerle birlikte, kentsel yaşamın tüm boyutlarını etkilemekte, kentli nüfusun yaşamını ve geçim kaynaklarını tehdit etmekte hatta kitlesel göçe neden olabilmektedir. Kentlerin özgün sosyo-ekonomik ve mekânsal yapısı, onları iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine daha açık ve duyarlı yani daha kırılgan hale getirmektedir. Bu nedenle iklim değişikliğini hesaba katmaksızın kentlerin geleceğini planlamak mümkün değildir. Kentleri iklim değişikliğine karşı daha dirençli hale getirmenin ilk adımı ise kente özgü kırılganlıkların belirlenmesidir. Bu iddiadan hareketle çalışmada, kentlerin iklim değişikliğine karşı kırılganlığını belirlemede kullanılabilecek göstergeleri tespit etmek ve bu göstergeler vasıtasıyla İstanbul’un kırılganlığına ilişkin genel bir değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde öncelikle iklim değişikliğinin kentler üzerindeki etkisi ele alınmış daha sonra kentsel kırılganlığın değerlendirilmesinde başvurulabilecek bir gösterge seti hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada son olarak gösterge setinden hareketle İstanbul’un iklim değişikliğine karşı kırılganlığı değerlendirilmiştir.


Kaynakça

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  • Balamir, M. (2017). “Sünger Kent-Dayanıklı Kent”. Mimarlık, 397, 17-20.
  • Beck, U. (2011). Risk Toplumu: Başka Bir Modernliğe Doğru. Çev. Kazım Özdoğan, Bülent Doğan, İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
  • Canıberk, M.; Maraş, E. E.; Durğut, T. (2015). “Orman ve Tarım Alanlarının Kentsel Alanlarla İlişkisinin Tarihi Ortofotolarla İncelenmesi”. Harita Dergisi, 153, 9-17.
  • CARE (2011). Understanding Vulnerability to Climate Change: Insights from Application of CARE’s Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA) Methodology. CARE International Poverty, Environment and Climate Change Network (PECCN).
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  • Coskun, H. G.; Alparslan, E. (2009). “Environmental Modelling of Omerli Catchment Area in Istanbul, Turkey Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 153 (1-4), 323-332.
  • Çobanyılmaz, P.; Yüksel, Ü. D. (2013). “Kentlerin İklim Değişikliğinden Zarar Görebilirliğinin Belirlenmesi: Ankara Örneği”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(3), 39-50.
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  • Füssel, H. M. (2007). “Vulnerability: A Generally Applicable Conceptual Framework for Climate Change Research”. Global Environmental Change, 17, 155–167.
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  • Green, R. A. (2008). “Unauthorised Development and Seismic Hazard Vulnerability: A Study of Squatters and Engineers in İstanbul, Turkey”. Disasters, 32(3), 358−376.
  • Hancilar, U. (2012). “Identification of Elements at Risk for a Credible Tsunami Event for Istanbul”. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 107–119.
  • Herslund, L. B.; Jalayer, F.; Jean-Baptiste, N.; Jørgensen, G.; Kabisch, S.; Kombe, W.; Vedeld, T. (2016). “A Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Urban Vulnerability to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa”. Nat Hazards, 82, 149- 172.
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  • Tezer, A. (2015). Ömerli Havzası’nda Ekosistem Servislerine Dayalı Bütünleşik Havza Yönetim Planının Geliştirilmesi Projesi Araştırma Raporu. (İTÜ, İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı), Proje No: TR10/14/DFD/0039.
  • Tezer, A.; Şen, O. L.; Akşehirli, I.; Çetin, N. I.; Tan Onur, A. C. (2012). “Integrated Planning for the Resilience of Urban Riverine Ecosystems: The Istanbul-Omerli Watershed Case”. Ecohydrology Hydrobiology, 12(2), 153-163.
  • TMMOB-ÇMO (2014). İstanbul Avrupa Yakası Su Havzaları Teknik Tespit Raporu. Çevre Mühendisleri Odası İstanbul Şubesi.
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  • Tromeur, E.; M´enard, R.; Bailly, J. B.; Souli´e, C. (2012). “Urban Vulnerability and Resilience within the Context of Climate Change”. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1811–1821.
  • Turoğlu, H. (2014). Possible Effects of Climate Change on Water Management in İstanbul. Semra Atabay (Der.), Global Climate Change, İstanbul: Yildiz Technical University, Print/Publication Center, 82-92.
  • TÜİK (2013). Seçilmiş Göstergelerle İstanbul 2013.
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  • TÜİK (2016b). “İl Bazında Kişi Başına Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla, 2004-2014”. Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 24920.
  • TÜİK (2016c). Bölgesel İstatistikler. Çevre İstatistikleri, Düzey 1. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do (E.T. 12.06.2018).
  • TÜİK (2016d). Bölgesel İstatistikler. Sağlık İstatistikleri, Düzey 1. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do (E.T. 12.06.2018).
  • TÜİK (2017a). “Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması, 2016”. Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 24579.
  • TÜİK (2017b). “Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması Bölgesel Sonuçları, 2016”. Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 24580.
  • TÜİK (2017c). “Eşdeğer Hanehalkı Kullanılabilir Fert Gelirine Göre Sıralı Yüzde 20'lik Gruplar İtibarıyla Yıllık Eşdeğer Hanehalkı Kullanılabilir Fert Gelirinin Dağılımı, 2015, 2016”. Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması, 2016. Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 24579.
  • TÜİK (2017d). “Eşdeğer Hanehalkı Kullanılabilir Fert Gelirine Göre Gini Katsayısı Ve P80/P20 Oranı, 2015, 2016”. Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması, 2016. Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 24579.
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  • Yücel, G .; A run, G . ( 2010). “Mevcut Y erleşimlerin D eprem İ çin F iziksel ve Sosyal Etkilenebilirliğinin Belirlenmesi: Avcılar Örneği”. MEGARON, 5(1), 23-32.
Toplam 101 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yasemin Kaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, Y. (2018). İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE KARŞI KENTSEL KIRILGANLIK: İSTANBUL İÇİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 11(2), 219-257.

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