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FROM A JOURNEY OF INNER STRUGGLE TO A CATASTROPHE: ^ HENRIK IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 2 - 10, 01.12.2015

Öz

In a cultural
framework shaped by patriarchal ideology, Ibsen’s 1890 play Hedda Gabler explores women’s two major
roles within the family, daughter and mother/wife and examines how the title
character’s resistance to these female roles, as the play unfolds, is
characteristic of her rebellion against the conventional turn-of-the-century view
of woman’s place. The play portrays the reduction of the woman to her status as
female, and this adds to the hopelessness of Hedda’s situation and, undeniably,
brings about her catastrophic end. Her being a member of a declining
aristocratic class and the fear of ending up as a spinster make Hedda see
marriage into a respectable middle class/academic family as the only means of
escape. Nevertheless, she becomes oppressed by the narrow conventions and
conformity of a petit-bourgeois society that imprison her in conventional
expectations of female roles. Despite the hints that she should have a baby,
Hedda resists the maternal role throughout the play, which is commonly
considered to be a woman’s sole and inevitable vocation in life. 



It is within
this framework that this paper aims at discussing how Hedda’s refusal to fit
into the accepted female roles of wife and mother results in her victimization
and downfall: she kills herself with a pistol immediately after she plays a
“frenzied dance melody on the piano” through which she metaphorically cries for
help raising her voice because she recognizes that she is confined to her
feminine role.  

Kaynakça

  • 1. CIXOUS, Hélène and Catherine Clément: The Newly Born Woman, I. B. Tauris Publishers: London, 1996.
  • 2. de BEAUVOIR, Simone. The Second Sex. H. M. Parshley, (Trans.and Ed.), New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
  • 3. “Dionysus.” Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/ dionysus.html.April 23, 2009.
  • 4. FINNEY, Gail. Women In Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and European Theatre at the Turn of the Century. Cornell University Press: Ithaca and London, 1989.
  • 5. FREUD, Sigmund. “Female Sexuality” (1931). Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, Philip Rieff (Ed.). New York: Collier Books, 1970. 194-211.
  • 6. GILBERT Sandra M.&Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and 7. The Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984.
  • 8. GOODMAN, Randolph G.. From Script to Stage: Eight Modern Plays. San Francisco: Rinehart Press, 1971.
  • 9. HARDWICK, Elizabeth. Seduction and Betrayal: Women and Literature. New York: Random House, 1970.
  • 10. IBSEN Henrik. Hedda Gabler. The Norton Introduction to Literature (Eds.) Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty, J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed., New York and London: W. W. Norton&Company, 1995.
  • 11. ……… Henrik. A Doll’s House. Penguin Classics: New York, 2003.
  • 12. KILDAHL, Erling E., “The Social Conditions and Principles of Hedda Gabler.” Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 13, No: 3, An Issue Devoted to Modern Drama (Oct., 1961), pp. 07-213., The John Hopkins University Press, http://www.jstor.org./stable/3204828. Accessed: 03-04-2015.
  • 13. MAYERSON, Caroline W. “Thematic Symbols in Hedda Gabler.” Rolf Fjelde (Ed.) Ibsen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1965, 131-138.
  • 14. McFARLANE, James Walter (Ed.), The Oxford Ibsen. London: Oxford University Press, 1966.
  • 15. NILSEN, Havard. “How Ibsen Found His Hedda Gabler.” Ibsen Studies. Vol. 3, Issue 1, June, 2003. pp. 7-31.
  • 16. SHOWALTER, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830- 1980. London: Virago Press, 1985.
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 2 - 10, 01.12.2015

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. CIXOUS, Hélène and Catherine Clément: The Newly Born Woman, I. B. Tauris Publishers: London, 1996.
  • 2. de BEAUVOIR, Simone. The Second Sex. H. M. Parshley, (Trans.and Ed.), New York: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.
  • 3. “Dionysus.” Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/ dionysus.html.April 23, 2009.
  • 4. FINNEY, Gail. Women In Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and European Theatre at the Turn of the Century. Cornell University Press: Ithaca and London, 1989.
  • 5. FREUD, Sigmund. “Female Sexuality” (1931). Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, Philip Rieff (Ed.). New York: Collier Books, 1970. 194-211.
  • 6. GILBERT Sandra M.&Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and 7. The Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984.
  • 8. GOODMAN, Randolph G.. From Script to Stage: Eight Modern Plays. San Francisco: Rinehart Press, 1971.
  • 9. HARDWICK, Elizabeth. Seduction and Betrayal: Women and Literature. New York: Random House, 1970.
  • 10. IBSEN Henrik. Hedda Gabler. The Norton Introduction to Literature (Eds.) Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty, J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed., New York and London: W. W. Norton&Company, 1995.
  • 11. ……… Henrik. A Doll’s House. Penguin Classics: New York, 2003.
  • 12. KILDAHL, Erling E., “The Social Conditions and Principles of Hedda Gabler.” Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 13, No: 3, An Issue Devoted to Modern Drama (Oct., 1961), pp. 07-213., The John Hopkins University Press, http://www.jstor.org./stable/3204828. Accessed: 03-04-2015.
  • 13. MAYERSON, Caroline W. “Thematic Symbols in Hedda Gabler.” Rolf Fjelde (Ed.) Ibsen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1965, 131-138.
  • 14. McFARLANE, James Walter (Ed.), The Oxford Ibsen. London: Oxford University Press, 1966.
  • 15. NILSEN, Havard. “How Ibsen Found His Hedda Gabler.” Ibsen Studies. Vol. 3, Issue 1, June, 2003. pp. 7-31.
  • 16. SHOWALTER, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830- 1980. London: Virago Press, 1985.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arpine Mızıkyan Akfıçıcı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akfıçıcı, A. M. (2015). FROM A JOURNEY OF INNER STRUGGLE TO A CATASTROPHE: ^ HENRIK IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 2-10.

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 

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