BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Classroom Sound Field Amplification Systems for Language Development During Early School Years In Contexts Of Socio-Economic Exclusion: The Neglected Role Of Classroom Contextual Dimensions

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 24 - 50, 15.07.2015
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.31608

Öz

This study examined the efficacy of classroom sound field amplification system for the language development of children, aged 4-7, in early primary years in schools designated as disadvantaged in Dublin, Ireland. The language development of 65 study participants from 14 classes in 7 schools was assessed in a multiple baseline AB case study design supplemented by norm-referenced language assessments pre- and post-installation of the amplification systems. One hundred and seventy three 30-min classroom observations were conducted over a 9-month period. The intervention was found to bring statistically significant gains in the area of language comprehension and classroom participation, particularly in classes in which the support was introduced at the start of schooling. The study constitutes the first large-scale study on sound field amplification systems internationally that is entirely concerned with the effect of this intervention on the language development of children experiencing socio-economic exclusion.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, C., Lloyd, J., Aldred, C., & Baxendale, J. (2006). Exploring the effects of communication intervention for developmental pragmatic language impairments: A signal-generation study. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 41, 41-65.
  • Allen, L., & Patton, D. (1990). The effects of sound field amplification on students’ on- task behaviour. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the ASHA, Seattle, WA.
  • Arriaga, R. I., Fenson, L., Cronan, T., & Pethick, S.J. (1998). Scores on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory of children from low- and middle- income families. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 209-223.
  • Beitchman, J. H., Nair, R., Clegg, M., & Ferguson, B. (1986). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with speech and language disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 528–35.
  • Benasich, A. A., Curtiss, S., & Tallal, P. (1993). Language, learning, and behavioral disturbances in childhood: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 585-594.
  • Bickford-Smith, A., Wijayatilake, L., & Woods, G. (2005). Evaluating the effectiveness of an early years language intervention. Educational Psychology in Practice, 25, 161-173.
  • Bishop, D. V., Chan, J., Adams, C., Hartley, J., & Weir, F. (2000). Conversational responsiveness in specific language impairment: Evidence of disproportionate pragmatic difficulties in a subset of children. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 179-199.
  • Bluestone, C.D. (2004). Studies in otitis media: Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh – University of Pittsburgh progress report 2004. Laryngoscope, 114, 1-26.
  • Botting, N., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2000). Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment, Child Language, Teaching and Therapy, 16, 105-120.
  • Bradley, J. S., & Sato, H. (2004). Speech recognition by grades 1, 3 and 6 children in classrooms. Canadian Acoustics, 32, 26-27.
  • Brinton, B., & Fujiki, M. (1993). Language, social skills, and socioemotional behavior. Clinical Forum: Language and social skills in the school age population. Language Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 24, 194-198.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology volume 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th edition) (pp. 993-1028). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1991). Association between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 88-95.
  • Chomsky, N. ( 1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cohen, N. J., Barwick, M. A., Horodezky, N. B., Vallance, D. D., & Im, N. (1998).
  • Language, achievement and cognitive processing in psychiatrically disturbed children with previously identified and unsuspected language impairments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 865–78.
  • Crandell, C. (1996). Effects of sound field amplification on the speech perception of ESL children. Educational Audiology Monograph, 4, 1-5.
  • Crandell, C., & Smaldino, J. (1995). Speech perception in the classroom. In C.C. Crandell, J.J. Smaldino & C. Flexer (Eds.), Sound-field FM amplification: Theory and practical applications (pp. 29-48). San Diego: Singular.
  • Darai, B. (2000). Using sound-field FM systems to improve literacy skills. Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 10, 5–7.
  • Darmody, M., Smyth, E., & Doherty, C. (2010). Designing primary schools for the future. Dublin, Ireland: Economic and Social Research Institute.
  • Dickinson, D.K. (2001a). Large-group and free-play times: Conversational settings supporting language and literacy development. In D. K. Dickinson, & P. O. Tabors (Eds.), Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school (pp. 223–256). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Dickinson, D.K. (2001b). Putting the pieces together: The impact of preschool on children’s language and literacy development in kindergarten. In D. K. Dickinson, & P. O. Tabors (Eds.), Beginning literacy with language: Youngchildren learning at home and school (pp. 257–287). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Downes, P. (2004). Psychological support services for Ballyfermot: Present and future.
  • Dublin, Ireland: URBAN, Ballyfermot.
  • Downes P. (2007). Why SMART outcomes ain’t always so smart. In P. Downes & A. L.
  • Gilligan (Eds.), Beyond educational disadvantage (pp. 57-69). Dublin, Ireland:
  • Institute of Public Administration.
  • Downes, P. (2011). Multi/Interdisciplinary teams for early school leaving prevention:
  • Developing a European Strategy informed by international evidence and research. European Commission Network of Experts on the Social aspects of Education and Training (NESET) Cardiff University.
  • Downes, P. (2013). Developing a framework and agenda for students’ voices in the school system across Europe: From diametric to concentric relational spaces for early school leaving prevention. European Journal of Education ,Special Issue: Problematising the Issue of Early School Leaving in the European Context, 48 (3) 346-362.
  • Downes, P., & Maunsell, C. (2007). Count us in: Tackling early school leaving in south west inner city Dublin: An integrated response. Dublin, Ireland: South Inner City Community Development Association (SICCDA).
  • Dunn, Lloyd, M., Dunn, Leota, M., Whetton, C., & Burley, J. (1997). British Picture Vocabulary Scale (2nd edition). London: NFER-NELSON.
  • Eriks-Brophy, A., & Ayukawa, H. (2000). The benefits of sound field amplification in classrooms of Inuit students of Nunavik: A pilot project. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 324-335.
  • Flexer, C., Kemp Biley, K., Hinkley, A., Harkema, C., & Holcomb, J. (2002). Using sound-field system to teach phonemic awareness to pre-schoolers. The Hearing Journal, 55, 38-44.
  • Foster-Fishman, P. G., Nowell, B., & Yang, H. (2007). Putting the system back into systems change: A framework for understanding and changing organisational and community systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 197- 215.
  • Gergen, K.J. (1982). Toward transformation in social knowledge. New York: Springer- V erlag.
  • Giddan, J., Milling, L., & Campbell, N. B. (1996). Unrecognised language and speech deficits in preadolescent psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 291-295.
  • Gil-Loyzaga., P. (2005). Neuroplasticity in the auditory system. Review of Laryngology, Otolaryngology and Rhinolology, 126, 203-207.
  • Girolametto, L., Hoaken, L., Weitzman, E., & Van Lieshout, R. (2000). Patterns of adult-child linguistic interaction in integrated day care groups. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 154-167.
  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Huttenlocher, J., Vasilyeva, M., Cymerman, E., & Levine, S. ( 2002). Language input and child syntax. Cognitive Psychology, 45, 337– 374.
  • Jones, J., Berg, F., & Viehweg, S. (1989). Listening of kindergarten students under close, distant, and sound field FM amplification conditions. Educational Audiology Monograph, 56-65.
  • Justice, L. M., Bowles, R. P., Pence Turnbull, K. L., & Skibbe, L. E. (2009). School readiness among children with varying histories of language difficulties. Developmental Psychology, 45, 460-476.
  • Kim, O.H., & Kaiser, A.P. (2000). Language characteristics of children with ADHD. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 21, 154-165.
  • Landsberger, H.A. (1958). Hawthorne Revisited. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Law, J., Garrett, Z., & Nye, C. (2004). The efficacy of treatment for children with developmental speech and language delay/disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of
  • Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 924-943.
  • Locke, A., Ginsborg, J., & Peers, I. (2002). Development and disadvantage: Implications for the early years and beyond. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 37, 3-15.
  • Lund, N.J. (1993). Assessing children’s language in naturalistic contexts (3rd ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Marcon, R. A. (1999). Differential impact of preschool models on development and early learning of inner-city children. Developmental Psychology, 35, 358-375.
  • Massie, R., & Dillon, H. (2006). The impact of sound-field amplification in mainstream cross-cultural classrooms: Part 1 Educational outcomes. Australian Journal of Education, 50, 62-77.
  • Maughan, B. (1994). School influences. In M. Rutter & D. F. Hay (Eds.), Development through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians (pp. 134-158). Oxford: Blackwell. McSporran, E., Butterworth, Y., & Rowson, V. J. (1997). Sound field amplification and listening behaviour in the classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 23, 81-96.
  • Mendel, L. L., Roberts, R. A., & Walton, J. H. (2003). Speech perception benefits from sound field FM amplification. American Journal of Audiology, 12, 114-124. Mill, J.S. [1843/1872] 1974. A system of logic: Ratiocinative and inductive. In J.M.Robinson (Ed.), The collected works of John Stuart Mill, 1-3. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Moore, J. (2002). Maturation of human auditory cortex: Implications for speech perception. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 111, 7-11.
  • Nelson, P. B., & Soli, S. (2000). Acoustical barriers to learning: Children at risk in every classroom. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 356-361.
  • Palmer, C. (1998). Quantification of the eco-behavioural impact of a sound field loud speaker system in elementary classrooms. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 819-833.
  • Pan, B. A., Rowe, M. L., Singer, J., & Snow, C. E. (2005). Maternal correlates of toddler vocabulary production in low-income families. Child Development, 76, 763-782.
  • Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: William Morrow.
  • Quine, W. V. (1953). Two dogmas of empiricism. In: From a Logical Point of View: Nine Logico-Philosophical Essays (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rosenberg, G., Blake-Rahter, P., Heavner, J., Allen, L., Redmond, B. M., Philips, J., &
  • Stigers, K. (1999). Improving classroom acoustics (ICA): A three-year FM sound field classroom amplification study. Journal of Educational Audiology, 7, 8-28. Rutter, M. (1983). School effects on pupil progress: Research findings and policy implications. Child Development, 54, 1-29.
  • Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.
  • Rutter, M. (2003). Commentary: Causal processes leading to antisocial behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 372-378.
  • Rutter, M., Giller, H., & Hagell, A. (1998). Antisocial behaviour by young people. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, C. M. (1995). Syntax for school-age children: A discourse perspective. In M. E. Fey, S. F. Warren & J. Windsor (Eds.), Language intervention in the early school years (pp. 107-143). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Semel, E., Wiig, E., & Secord, W. (2000). Clinical Evaluation of Language
  • Fundamentals – 3UK (CELF-3UK). New York: The Psychological Corporation. Snow, C. E. (1991). The theoretical basis for relationships between language and literacy in development. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 6, 5–10.
  • Stattin, H., & Klackenberg-Larsson, I. (1993). Early language and intelligence development and their relationships to the future criminal behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 369-378.
  • Stelmachowicz, P. G., Hoover, B. M., Lewis, D. E., Kortekaas, R., & Pittman, A. L. (2000). The relation between stimulus context, speech audibility, and perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 43, 902-914.
  • Stevenson, J., Richman, M., & Graham, P. (2006). Behaviour problems and language abilities at three years and behavioural deviance at eight years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 215-230.
  • Storch, S. A., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 934–947.
  • Tomasello, M. (1992). The social bases of language acquisition. Social Development, 1, 67-87.
  • Tseng, V., & Seidman, E. (2007). A systems framework for understanding social settings. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 217-228.
  • Vasilyeva, M, Huttenlocher, J., & Waterfall, H. (2006). Effects of language intervention on syntactic skill levels in preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 42, 164- 174.
  • Vygotsky, L.T. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Walsh, B.A., & Blewitt, P. (2006). The effect of questioning style during storybook reading on novel vocabulary acquisition of pre-schoolers. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33, 273-278.
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 24 - 50, 15.07.2015
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.31608

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adams, C., Lloyd, J., Aldred, C., & Baxendale, J. (2006). Exploring the effects of communication intervention for developmental pragmatic language impairments: A signal-generation study. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 41, 41-65.
  • Allen, L., & Patton, D. (1990). The effects of sound field amplification on students’ on- task behaviour. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the ASHA, Seattle, WA.
  • Arriaga, R. I., Fenson, L., Cronan, T., & Pethick, S.J. (1998). Scores on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory of children from low- and middle- income families. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 209-223.
  • Beitchman, J. H., Nair, R., Clegg, M., & Ferguson, B. (1986). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with speech and language disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 528–35.
  • Benasich, A. A., Curtiss, S., & Tallal, P. (1993). Language, learning, and behavioral disturbances in childhood: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 585-594.
  • Bickford-Smith, A., Wijayatilake, L., & Woods, G. (2005). Evaluating the effectiveness of an early years language intervention. Educational Psychology in Practice, 25, 161-173.
  • Bishop, D. V., Chan, J., Adams, C., Hartley, J., & Weir, F. (2000). Conversational responsiveness in specific language impairment: Evidence of disproportionate pragmatic difficulties in a subset of children. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 179-199.
  • Bluestone, C.D. (2004). Studies in otitis media: Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh – University of Pittsburgh progress report 2004. Laryngoscope, 114, 1-26.
  • Botting, N., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2000). Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment, Child Language, Teaching and Therapy, 16, 105-120.
  • Bradley, J. S., & Sato, H. (2004). Speech recognition by grades 1, 3 and 6 children in classrooms. Canadian Acoustics, 32, 26-27.
  • Brinton, B., & Fujiki, M. (1993). Language, social skills, and socioemotional behavior. Clinical Forum: Language and social skills in the school age population. Language Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 24, 194-198.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology volume 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th edition) (pp. 993-1028). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1991). Association between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 88-95.
  • Chomsky, N. ( 1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cohen, N. J., Barwick, M. A., Horodezky, N. B., Vallance, D. D., & Im, N. (1998).
  • Language, achievement and cognitive processing in psychiatrically disturbed children with previously identified and unsuspected language impairments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 865–78.
  • Crandell, C. (1996). Effects of sound field amplification on the speech perception of ESL children. Educational Audiology Monograph, 4, 1-5.
  • Crandell, C., & Smaldino, J. (1995). Speech perception in the classroom. In C.C. Crandell, J.J. Smaldino & C. Flexer (Eds.), Sound-field FM amplification: Theory and practical applications (pp. 29-48). San Diego: Singular.
  • Darai, B. (2000). Using sound-field FM systems to improve literacy skills. Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 10, 5–7.
  • Darmody, M., Smyth, E., & Doherty, C. (2010). Designing primary schools for the future. Dublin, Ireland: Economic and Social Research Institute.
  • Dickinson, D.K. (2001a). Large-group and free-play times: Conversational settings supporting language and literacy development. In D. K. Dickinson, & P. O. Tabors (Eds.), Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school (pp. 223–256). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Dickinson, D.K. (2001b). Putting the pieces together: The impact of preschool on children’s language and literacy development in kindergarten. In D. K. Dickinson, & P. O. Tabors (Eds.), Beginning literacy with language: Youngchildren learning at home and school (pp. 257–287). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Downes, P. (2004). Psychological support services for Ballyfermot: Present and future.
  • Dublin, Ireland: URBAN, Ballyfermot.
  • Downes P. (2007). Why SMART outcomes ain’t always so smart. In P. Downes & A. L.
  • Gilligan (Eds.), Beyond educational disadvantage (pp. 57-69). Dublin, Ireland:
  • Institute of Public Administration.
  • Downes, P. (2011). Multi/Interdisciplinary teams for early school leaving prevention:
  • Developing a European Strategy informed by international evidence and research. European Commission Network of Experts on the Social aspects of Education and Training (NESET) Cardiff University.
  • Downes, P. (2013). Developing a framework and agenda for students’ voices in the school system across Europe: From diametric to concentric relational spaces for early school leaving prevention. European Journal of Education ,Special Issue: Problematising the Issue of Early School Leaving in the European Context, 48 (3) 346-362.
  • Downes, P., & Maunsell, C. (2007). Count us in: Tackling early school leaving in south west inner city Dublin: An integrated response. Dublin, Ireland: South Inner City Community Development Association (SICCDA).
  • Dunn, Lloyd, M., Dunn, Leota, M., Whetton, C., & Burley, J. (1997). British Picture Vocabulary Scale (2nd edition). London: NFER-NELSON.
  • Eriks-Brophy, A., & Ayukawa, H. (2000). The benefits of sound field amplification in classrooms of Inuit students of Nunavik: A pilot project. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 324-335.
  • Flexer, C., Kemp Biley, K., Hinkley, A., Harkema, C., & Holcomb, J. (2002). Using sound-field system to teach phonemic awareness to pre-schoolers. The Hearing Journal, 55, 38-44.
  • Foster-Fishman, P. G., Nowell, B., & Yang, H. (2007). Putting the system back into systems change: A framework for understanding and changing organisational and community systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 197- 215.
  • Gergen, K.J. (1982). Toward transformation in social knowledge. New York: Springer- V erlag.
  • Giddan, J., Milling, L., & Campbell, N. B. (1996). Unrecognised language and speech deficits in preadolescent psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 291-295.
  • Gil-Loyzaga., P. (2005). Neuroplasticity in the auditory system. Review of Laryngology, Otolaryngology and Rhinolology, 126, 203-207.
  • Girolametto, L., Hoaken, L., Weitzman, E., & Van Lieshout, R. (2000). Patterns of adult-child linguistic interaction in integrated day care groups. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 154-167.
  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Huttenlocher, J., Vasilyeva, M., Cymerman, E., & Levine, S. ( 2002). Language input and child syntax. Cognitive Psychology, 45, 337– 374.
  • Jones, J., Berg, F., & Viehweg, S. (1989). Listening of kindergarten students under close, distant, and sound field FM amplification conditions. Educational Audiology Monograph, 56-65.
  • Justice, L. M., Bowles, R. P., Pence Turnbull, K. L., & Skibbe, L. E. (2009). School readiness among children with varying histories of language difficulties. Developmental Psychology, 45, 460-476.
  • Kim, O.H., & Kaiser, A.P. (2000). Language characteristics of children with ADHD. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 21, 154-165.
  • Landsberger, H.A. (1958). Hawthorne Revisited. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Law, J., Garrett, Z., & Nye, C. (2004). The efficacy of treatment for children with developmental speech and language delay/disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of
  • Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 924-943.
  • Locke, A., Ginsborg, J., & Peers, I. (2002). Development and disadvantage: Implications for the early years and beyond. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 37, 3-15.
  • Lund, N.J. (1993). Assessing children’s language in naturalistic contexts (3rd ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Marcon, R. A. (1999). Differential impact of preschool models on development and early learning of inner-city children. Developmental Psychology, 35, 358-375.
  • Massie, R., & Dillon, H. (2006). The impact of sound-field amplification in mainstream cross-cultural classrooms: Part 1 Educational outcomes. Australian Journal of Education, 50, 62-77.
  • Maughan, B. (1994). School influences. In M. Rutter & D. F. Hay (Eds.), Development through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians (pp. 134-158). Oxford: Blackwell. McSporran, E., Butterworth, Y., & Rowson, V. J. (1997). Sound field amplification and listening behaviour in the classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 23, 81-96.
  • Mendel, L. L., Roberts, R. A., & Walton, J. H. (2003). Speech perception benefits from sound field FM amplification. American Journal of Audiology, 12, 114-124. Mill, J.S. [1843/1872] 1974. A system of logic: Ratiocinative and inductive. In J.M.Robinson (Ed.), The collected works of John Stuart Mill, 1-3. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Moore, J. (2002). Maturation of human auditory cortex: Implications for speech perception. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 111, 7-11.
  • Nelson, P. B., & Soli, S. (2000). Acoustical barriers to learning: Children at risk in every classroom. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 356-361.
  • Palmer, C. (1998). Quantification of the eco-behavioural impact of a sound field loud speaker system in elementary classrooms. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 819-833.
  • Pan, B. A., Rowe, M. L., Singer, J., & Snow, C. E. (2005). Maternal correlates of toddler vocabulary production in low-income families. Child Development, 76, 763-782.
  • Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: William Morrow.
  • Quine, W. V. (1953). Two dogmas of empiricism. In: From a Logical Point of View: Nine Logico-Philosophical Essays (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Rosenberg, G., Blake-Rahter, P., Heavner, J., Allen, L., Redmond, B. M., Philips, J., &
  • Stigers, K. (1999). Improving classroom acoustics (ICA): A three-year FM sound field classroom amplification study. Journal of Educational Audiology, 7, 8-28. Rutter, M. (1983). School effects on pupil progress: Research findings and policy implications. Child Development, 54, 1-29.
  • Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.
  • Rutter, M. (2003). Commentary: Causal processes leading to antisocial behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 372-378.
  • Rutter, M., Giller, H., & Hagell, A. (1998). Antisocial behaviour by young people. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, C. M. (1995). Syntax for school-age children: A discourse perspective. In M. E. Fey, S. F. Warren & J. Windsor (Eds.), Language intervention in the early school years (pp. 107-143). Baltimore: Brookes.
  • Semel, E., Wiig, E., & Secord, W. (2000). Clinical Evaluation of Language
  • Fundamentals – 3UK (CELF-3UK). New York: The Psychological Corporation. Snow, C. E. (1991). The theoretical basis for relationships between language and literacy in development. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 6, 5–10.
  • Stattin, H., & Klackenberg-Larsson, I. (1993). Early language and intelligence development and their relationships to the future criminal behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 369-378.
  • Stelmachowicz, P. G., Hoover, B. M., Lewis, D. E., Kortekaas, R., & Pittman, A. L. (2000). The relation between stimulus context, speech audibility, and perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 43, 902-914.
  • Stevenson, J., Richman, M., & Graham, P. (2006). Behaviour problems and language abilities at three years and behavioural deviance at eight years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 215-230.
  • Storch, S. A., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 934–947.
  • Tomasello, M. (1992). The social bases of language acquisition. Social Development, 1, 67-87.
  • Tseng, V., & Seidman, E. (2007). A systems framework for understanding social settings. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 217-228.
  • Vasilyeva, M, Huttenlocher, J., & Waterfall, H. (2006). Effects of language intervention on syntactic skill levels in preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 42, 164- 174.
  • Vygotsky, L.T. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Walsh, B.A., & Blewitt, P. (2006). The effect of questioning style during storybook reading on novel vocabulary acquisition of pre-schoolers. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33, 273-278.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sylwia Kazmierczak-murray Bu kişi benim

Paul Downes Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kazmierczak-murray, S., & Downes, P. (2015). Classroom Sound Field Amplification Systems for Language Development During Early School Years In Contexts Of Socio-Economic Exclusion: The Neglected Role Of Classroom Contextual Dimensions. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 7(1), 24-50. https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.31608