Seramik-Sofra Adabı Etkileşimi ve Politik Söylem Aracı Olarak 18.yy Porselen Yemek Takımları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 201 - 233, 30.03.2019

Ersoy Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.484350

Öz

Tang
Hanedanlığı (M.S. 618-907) dönemine Çin’de icat edilen porselen, ayırt edici
dört özelliği beyazlığı, saydamlığı, sertliği ve kendine has çınlaması olan, en
mükemmel seramik türüdür. 9.yy.dan itibaren İslam coğrafyasına 16.yy.dan sonra
da Avrupa’ya ithal edilen porselen, hem aristokratik beğeni hem de yerel
seramik gelenekleri üzerinde önemli etkiler yapar. Zanaatkârlar, yüzyıllar
boyunca hem porselenin üretim sırrını çözmeye hem de onu taklit eden seramikler
üretmeye çalışırlar. Avrupa özelinde bu sürece   16.yy.dan
başlayarak sofra adabındaki git gide artan bir incelme eşlik eder. Porselenin
sırrı 1710’da Saksonya’da çözülür ve kıta, Meissen, Viyana ve Sevres gibi
Avrupa menşeli porselenle tanışır. Bu dönemde ayrıca Fransız tarzı denilen yemek
servisi evrensel ölçekte yegâne medenî tarz olarak yerleşir. Eşleşen motif ve
formlarıyla böylesi bir bağlamın meyvesi olarak beliren porselen yemek/tatlı
takımları, bir güç, itibar ve politik söylem aracına dönüşür. 18.yy., merkezinde
gösterişli hatta abartılı böylesi takımların  yer aldığı bir porselen diplomasisine tanıklık
eder. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seramik, Porselen, Sofra Adabı, Fransız Tarzı Servis, Diplomasi.

Ceramics-Table Manners Interaction and the 18th Century Porcelain Dinner Services as a Means of Political Discourse

Öz

Porcelain,
which was invented in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907, A.D), is the most
excellent ceramic type with four distinctive features; whiteness, transparency,
hardness and distinctive ringing. The porcelain, imported to the Islamic lands
as from the 9^th century and to Europe after the 16^th century,
has had important effects on both the aristocratic taste and the local ceramic
traditions. For centuries, craftsmen have tried to solve the secret of the porcelain
production and to produce ceramics that mimic it. In Europe, this process has
been accompanied by a progressive elegance of the table manners, starting from
the 16^th century. The production-secret of porcelain was dissolved
in Saxony in 1710 and the continent met European porcelain such as Meissen,
Vienna and Sevres for the first time. In addition, French-style food service
also settled in this period as the only civilized style on a universal scale.
Porcelain dining / dessert services with their matching motifs and forms which
appeared as the fruits of such a context become a means of power, prestige and
political discourse. The 18^th century witnessed a porcelain-diplomacy
of such elaborate and even extravagant services right in the center.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ceramics, Porcelain, Table Manners, French Service, Diplomacy.

Kaynakça

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