BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara'nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 6 - 16, 09.03.2012

Öz

Homozigotluğun artmasına neden olarak doğumsal bazı hastalıkların görülme
riskini artıran soy içi evlilik ülkemizde oldukça yaygındır. Bu çalışmada iç evliliğin genç
erkeklerin gelişim kalitesi üzerinde yarattığı etkiler incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla
Ankara’da yaşayan ve ebeveynleri 1. dereceden kuzen olan (F = 0,125) 144 erkek lise
son sınıf öğrencisi ile aynı okullarda okuyan, benzer sosyoekonomik düzeyde yer alan ve
ebeveynleri arasında herhangi bir akrabalık ilişkisi olmayan (F = 0) 146 erkek
incelenmiştir. Bireylerden ağırlık ve boy ölçüleri alınmış ve beden kitle indeksleri (BKİ)
hesaplanmıştır. Gelişimsel kararlılık düzeylerini belirlemek için 8 antropometrik
bilateral değişken ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, ağırlık ve boy açısından iç
evli grup daha düşük değerlere sahiptir. İncelenen bilateral değişkenlerden hesaplanan
bileşik asimetri değeri, iç evli grubun daha fazla asimetrik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Sonuç olarak, akraba evliliğinin boy ve ağırlık gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz etki
oluşturulduğu, gelişimsel kararlılık üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinin ise anlamlı düzeyde
olduğu söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Peña JA. (2005) Effects of consanguinity on pre-reproductive mortality: does demographic transition matter? American Journal of Human Biology 17:773-786
  • Al-Gazali LI, Bener A, Abdulrazzaq YM, Micallef R, Al-Khayat AI, Gaber T. (1997) Consanguineous marriages in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Biosocial Science 29:491-497
  • Alper OM, Erengin H, Manguoglu AE, Bilgen T, Cetin Z, Dedeoglu N, Luleci G. (2004) Consanguineous marriages in the province of Antalya, Turkey. Annals of Genetics47:129-38.
  • Badaruddoza. (2001) Inbreeding effects on mean of metrical traits among the children of Aligarh in North India. Journal of Human Ecology 12:457-464.
  • Badaruddoza. (2004) Inbreeding effect on metrical phenotypes among North Indian children. Collegium Antropologicum 28 Suppl.:311-318.
  • Bai PVA, John TJ. (1982) The effect of consanguinity on the gestation period and anthropometric traits of the newborn in southern India. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 34:225-229.
  • Barrai I, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Mainardim. (1964) Testing a model of dominant inheritance for metric triats in man. Heredity 19:651.
  • Ben-David Y, Hershkovitz I, Rupin D, Moscona D, Ring B. (1992) Inbreeding effects on tooth size, eruption age, and dental directional and fluctuating asymmetry among South Sinai Bedouins. Smith P, Tchernov E (ed): Structure, Function and Evolution of Teeth. London: Freund Publishing House, Ltd., 361–389.
  • Bener A, Al-Ali K. (2006) Consanguineous marriage in a newly developed country: the Qatari population. Journal of Biosocial Science 38:239-246.
  • Bener A, Hussain R, Teebi AS. (2007) Consanguineous marriages and their effect on common adult disease: Studies from and endogamous population. Medical Principles and Practice 16:262-267.
  • Bener A, Hussain R. (2006) Consanguineous unions and child health in State Qatar. Pediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 20:372-378.
  • Bittles, AH. (2002) The impact of consanguinity on the Indian population. Indian Journal of Human Genetics 8:45-51.
  • Bittles, AH. (2008) A community genetics perspective on consanguineous marriage. Community Genetics 11:324-330.
  • Cameron N, Hiernaux J, Jarman S, Marshall WA, Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. (1981) Anthropometry. Weiner JS, Lourie JA (ed): Practical Human Biology. London: Academic Press, 25–52.
  • Carter AJ, Weier TM, Houle D. (2009) The effect of inbreeding on fluctuating asymmetry of wing veins in two laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 102:563-572.
  • Das BK. (2005) Inbreeding depression in anthropometric traits among Telaga boys of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Collegium Antropologicum 2:459-464.
  • Dönbak L. (2004) Consanguinity in Kahramanmaraş city, Turkey, and its medical impact. Saudi Medical Journal 25:1991-1994.
  • Dufour KW, Weatherhead PJ. (1996). Estimation of organism-wide asymmetry in red-winged blackbirds and its relation to studies of mate selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 263, 769-775.
  • El-Hazmi MAF, Al-Swailem AR, Warsy AS, AI-Swailem AM, Sulaimani R, Al-Meshari AA. (1995) Consanguinity among Saudi Arabian population. Journal of Medical Genetics 32:623-626.
  • Fışıloğlu H. (2001) Consanguineous marriage and marital adjustment in Turkey. The Family Journal 9:215-222.
  • Gangestad SW, Thornhill R. (1999). Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: a model and its implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12:402-416.
  • Hancıoğlu A, Tunçbilek E. (1998) Akraba evlilikleri, sosyodemografik özellikleri ve çocuk ölümleri üzerindeki etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 41:139-153.
  • Hershkovitz I, Livshits G, Moskona D, Arensburg B, Kobyliansky E. (1993) Variables affecting dental fluctuating asymmetry in human isolates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 91:349-365.
  • Hussain R, Bittles AH, Sullivan S. (2001) Consanguinity and early mortality in the Muslim populations of India and Pakistan. American Journal of Human Biology 13: 777-787
  • Jaber L, Shohat T, Rotter JI, Shohat M. (1997) Consanguinity and common adult disease in Israeli Arab communities. American Journal of Medical Genetics 70:346-348.
  • Khlat M. (1989) Inbreeding effects on fetal growth in Beriut, Lebanon. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 80:481-484.
  • Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT, Preston CB. (1985) An odontometric analysis of the Lengua Indian dentition. Human Biology 57:611–620.
  • Koç I. (2008) Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of consanguineous marriages in Turkey. Journal of Biosocial Science 40:137-148.
  • Krishnan G. (1975) Effect of parental consanguinity on anthropometric measurements among the Sunni Muslims of Delhi. Research Proceedings 3:4.
  • Kulkarni ML, Kurian M. (1990) Consanguinity and its effects on fetal growth and development: a South Indian study. Journal of Medical Genetics 27:348-352.
  • Lens L, Van Dongen S, Galbusera P, Schenck T, Matthysen E. (2000) Developmental instability and inbreeding in natural bird populations exposed to different levels of habitat disturbance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13:889-896.
  • Leung B, Forbes MR. (1997) Modelling fluctuating asymmetry in relation to stress and fitness. Oikos 78, 397-405.
  • Livshits G, Kobyliansky E. (1991) Fluctuating asymmetry as a possible measure of developmental homeostasis in humans: a review. Human Biology 63:441-466.
  • Lyons EJ, Frodsham AJ, Zhang L, Hill AVS, Amos V. (2009) Consanguinity and susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans. Biology Letters 23:574-576.
  • Markow TA, Martin JF. (1993) Inbreeding and developmental stability in a small human population. Annals of Human Biology 20:389-394.
  • Martin AO, Kurczynski TW, Steinberg AG. (1973) Familial studies of medical and anthropometric variables in a human Isolate. American Journal of Human Genetics 25:581-593.
  • Mokhtar MM, Abdel Fattah MM. (2001a). Consanguinity and advanced maternal age as risk factors for reproductive losses in Alexandria Egypt. Eurapean Journal of Epidemiology 17:559–565.
  • Mokhtar MM, Abdel-Fattah, M. (2001b) Major birth defects among infants with down syndrome in Alexandria, Egypt (1995-2000): trends and risk factors. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7:441-451.
  • Morton NE. (1958) Empirical risks in consanguineous marriages: birth weight, gestation time and measurements of infants. American Journal of Human Genetics 10:344-349.
  • Mukharjee DP, Lakshmanudu M. (1990) Inbreeding depression in stature. Human variation in India. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey in India, 366-371.
  • Mukherjee DP. (1982) Inbreeding and genetics of quantitative traits in man. Malhotra KC, Amitabha B (ed): Human Genetics and Adaptation. Vol. 1. Proceedings of the Indian Statistical Institute Golden Jubilee International Conference, 533-561.
  • Mukherjee, A. (1990) Inbreeding effects on bilateral asymmetry of dermatoglyphic patterns. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 81: 77-89.
  • Mumtaz G, Tamim H, Kanaan M, Khwaja M, Khogali M, Wakim G, Yunis KA. (2007) Effect of consanguinity on birth weight for gestational age in a developing country. American Journal of Epidemiology 165:742-752.
  • Nijhout HF, Davidowitz G. (2003) Developmental perspectives on phenotiphic variation, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry. Polak M (ed): Developmental Stability: Causes and Consequences. Oxford University Press, 3-13.
  • Oldfield RC. (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97-113
  • Othman H, Saadat M. (2009) Prevalence of consanguineous marriages in Syria. Journal of Biosocial Science 41:1-8.
  • Paddaiah G, Madlhavi D. (2001) The effect of prenatal consanguinity and inbreeding on the antrhropometric measurements of the newborn babies revisited. International Journal of Human Genetics 1:187-190.
  • Paddaiah G, Reddy GG. (1980) Effect of consanguinity on anthropometric measurements in the new born. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 47:133-136.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (1986) Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 17:391-421.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (1992) Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests. Acta Zoologica Fennica 191:57-72.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (2003) Fluctuating asymmetry analysis revisited. Polak M (ed): Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. Oxford University Press, 279-319.
  • Palmer AR. (1994) Fluctuating asymmetry analysis: a primer. Markow TA (ed): Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 335-364.
  • Rao PS, Inbaraj SG. (1980) Inbreeding effects on fetal growth and development. Journal of Medical Genetics 17:27-33.
  • Reddy BM. (1999) Fluctuating asymmetry and canalization: An appraisal based on a-b ridge counts among Indian populations with diverse backgrounds. American Journal of Human Biology 11:367- 381
  • Schaefer K, Lauc T, Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, Bookstein FL. (2006) Dental arch asymmetry in an isolated Adriatic community. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129:132-142.
  • Shami SA, Qadeer T, Schmitt LH, Bittles AH. (1991) Consanguinity, gestational period and anthropometric measurements at birth in Pakistan. Annals of Human Biology 18:523-527.
  • Slatis HM, Hoene RE. (1961) The effect of consanguinity on the distribution of continuously variable characteristics. American Journal of Human Genetics 13:28-31.
  • Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. (1995). Biometry: the Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 3. ed., New York: WH. Freeman and Company.
  • Soulé, ME. (1979) Heterozigozitiy and developmental stability: another look. Evolution 33: 396-401.
  • Stoltenberg C, Magnus P, Lie RT, Daltveit AK, Irgens LM. (1998) Influence of consanguinity and maternal education on risk of stillbirth and infant death in Norway, 1967–1993. American Journal of Epidemiology 148:452–9.
  • Suarez BK. (1974) Neandertal dental asymmetry and the probable mutation effect. American Journal Physical Anthropology 41:411-416.
  • Sueyoshi S, Ohtsuka R. (2003) Effect of polygyny and consanguinity on high fertility in the rural Arab populations in South Jordan. Journal of Biosocial Science 35:513-526.
  • Tanner JM, Hiernaux J, Jarman S. (1969) Growth and physique studies. Weiner JS, Lourie JA (ed): Human Biology: A Guide to Field Methods. IBP Handbook No. 9, Oxford: Blackwell Publications, 315-340.
  • Tunçbilek E, Koç İ. (1994) Consanguineous marriage in Turkey and its impact on fertility and mortality. Annals of Human Genetics 58:321-329.
  • Tunçbilek E. (2001) Clinical outcomes of consanguineous marriages in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 43:277-299.
  • Van Valen L. (1962) A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 16:125-142.
  • Waddington CH. (1942) Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 150:563-565.
  • Zakharov VM. (1992) Population phenogenetics: analysis of developmental stability in natural populations. Acta Zoologica Fennica 191:7-30.
Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 6 - 16, 09.03.2012

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Peña JA. (2005) Effects of consanguinity on pre-reproductive mortality: does demographic transition matter? American Journal of Human Biology 17:773-786
  • Al-Gazali LI, Bener A, Abdulrazzaq YM, Micallef R, Al-Khayat AI, Gaber T. (1997) Consanguineous marriages in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Biosocial Science 29:491-497
  • Alper OM, Erengin H, Manguoglu AE, Bilgen T, Cetin Z, Dedeoglu N, Luleci G. (2004) Consanguineous marriages in the province of Antalya, Turkey. Annals of Genetics47:129-38.
  • Badaruddoza. (2001) Inbreeding effects on mean of metrical traits among the children of Aligarh in North India. Journal of Human Ecology 12:457-464.
  • Badaruddoza. (2004) Inbreeding effect on metrical phenotypes among North Indian children. Collegium Antropologicum 28 Suppl.:311-318.
  • Bai PVA, John TJ. (1982) The effect of consanguinity on the gestation period and anthropometric traits of the newborn in southern India. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 34:225-229.
  • Barrai I, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Mainardim. (1964) Testing a model of dominant inheritance for metric triats in man. Heredity 19:651.
  • Ben-David Y, Hershkovitz I, Rupin D, Moscona D, Ring B. (1992) Inbreeding effects on tooth size, eruption age, and dental directional and fluctuating asymmetry among South Sinai Bedouins. Smith P, Tchernov E (ed): Structure, Function and Evolution of Teeth. London: Freund Publishing House, Ltd., 361–389.
  • Bener A, Al-Ali K. (2006) Consanguineous marriage in a newly developed country: the Qatari population. Journal of Biosocial Science 38:239-246.
  • Bener A, Hussain R, Teebi AS. (2007) Consanguineous marriages and their effect on common adult disease: Studies from and endogamous population. Medical Principles and Practice 16:262-267.
  • Bener A, Hussain R. (2006) Consanguineous unions and child health in State Qatar. Pediatric Perinatal Epidemiology 20:372-378.
  • Bittles, AH. (2002) The impact of consanguinity on the Indian population. Indian Journal of Human Genetics 8:45-51.
  • Bittles, AH. (2008) A community genetics perspective on consanguineous marriage. Community Genetics 11:324-330.
  • Cameron N, Hiernaux J, Jarman S, Marshall WA, Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. (1981) Anthropometry. Weiner JS, Lourie JA (ed): Practical Human Biology. London: Academic Press, 25–52.
  • Carter AJ, Weier TM, Houle D. (2009) The effect of inbreeding on fluctuating asymmetry of wing veins in two laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 102:563-572.
  • Das BK. (2005) Inbreeding depression in anthropometric traits among Telaga boys of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Collegium Antropologicum 2:459-464.
  • Dönbak L. (2004) Consanguinity in Kahramanmaraş city, Turkey, and its medical impact. Saudi Medical Journal 25:1991-1994.
  • Dufour KW, Weatherhead PJ. (1996). Estimation of organism-wide asymmetry in red-winged blackbirds and its relation to studies of mate selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 263, 769-775.
  • El-Hazmi MAF, Al-Swailem AR, Warsy AS, AI-Swailem AM, Sulaimani R, Al-Meshari AA. (1995) Consanguinity among Saudi Arabian population. Journal of Medical Genetics 32:623-626.
  • Fışıloğlu H. (2001) Consanguineous marriage and marital adjustment in Turkey. The Family Journal 9:215-222.
  • Gangestad SW, Thornhill R. (1999). Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: a model and its implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12:402-416.
  • Hancıoğlu A, Tunçbilek E. (1998) Akraba evlilikleri, sosyodemografik özellikleri ve çocuk ölümleri üzerindeki etkileri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 41:139-153.
  • Hershkovitz I, Livshits G, Moskona D, Arensburg B, Kobyliansky E. (1993) Variables affecting dental fluctuating asymmetry in human isolates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 91:349-365.
  • Hussain R, Bittles AH, Sullivan S. (2001) Consanguinity and early mortality in the Muslim populations of India and Pakistan. American Journal of Human Biology 13: 777-787
  • Jaber L, Shohat T, Rotter JI, Shohat M. (1997) Consanguinity and common adult disease in Israeli Arab communities. American Journal of Medical Genetics 70:346-348.
  • Khlat M. (1989) Inbreeding effects on fetal growth in Beriut, Lebanon. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 80:481-484.
  • Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT, Preston CB. (1985) An odontometric analysis of the Lengua Indian dentition. Human Biology 57:611–620.
  • Koç I. (2008) Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of consanguineous marriages in Turkey. Journal of Biosocial Science 40:137-148.
  • Krishnan G. (1975) Effect of parental consanguinity on anthropometric measurements among the Sunni Muslims of Delhi. Research Proceedings 3:4.
  • Kulkarni ML, Kurian M. (1990) Consanguinity and its effects on fetal growth and development: a South Indian study. Journal of Medical Genetics 27:348-352.
  • Lens L, Van Dongen S, Galbusera P, Schenck T, Matthysen E. (2000) Developmental instability and inbreeding in natural bird populations exposed to different levels of habitat disturbance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13:889-896.
  • Leung B, Forbes MR. (1997) Modelling fluctuating asymmetry in relation to stress and fitness. Oikos 78, 397-405.
  • Livshits G, Kobyliansky E. (1991) Fluctuating asymmetry as a possible measure of developmental homeostasis in humans: a review. Human Biology 63:441-466.
  • Lyons EJ, Frodsham AJ, Zhang L, Hill AVS, Amos V. (2009) Consanguinity and susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans. Biology Letters 23:574-576.
  • Markow TA, Martin JF. (1993) Inbreeding and developmental stability in a small human population. Annals of Human Biology 20:389-394.
  • Martin AO, Kurczynski TW, Steinberg AG. (1973) Familial studies of medical and anthropometric variables in a human Isolate. American Journal of Human Genetics 25:581-593.
  • Mokhtar MM, Abdel Fattah MM. (2001a). Consanguinity and advanced maternal age as risk factors for reproductive losses in Alexandria Egypt. Eurapean Journal of Epidemiology 17:559–565.
  • Mokhtar MM, Abdel-Fattah, M. (2001b) Major birth defects among infants with down syndrome in Alexandria, Egypt (1995-2000): trends and risk factors. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7:441-451.
  • Morton NE. (1958) Empirical risks in consanguineous marriages: birth weight, gestation time and measurements of infants. American Journal of Human Genetics 10:344-349.
  • Mukharjee DP, Lakshmanudu M. (1990) Inbreeding depression in stature. Human variation in India. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey in India, 366-371.
  • Mukherjee DP. (1982) Inbreeding and genetics of quantitative traits in man. Malhotra KC, Amitabha B (ed): Human Genetics and Adaptation. Vol. 1. Proceedings of the Indian Statistical Institute Golden Jubilee International Conference, 533-561.
  • Mukherjee, A. (1990) Inbreeding effects on bilateral asymmetry of dermatoglyphic patterns. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 81: 77-89.
  • Mumtaz G, Tamim H, Kanaan M, Khwaja M, Khogali M, Wakim G, Yunis KA. (2007) Effect of consanguinity on birth weight for gestational age in a developing country. American Journal of Epidemiology 165:742-752.
  • Nijhout HF, Davidowitz G. (2003) Developmental perspectives on phenotiphic variation, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry. Polak M (ed): Developmental Stability: Causes and Consequences. Oxford University Press, 3-13.
  • Oldfield RC. (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97-113
  • Othman H, Saadat M. (2009) Prevalence of consanguineous marriages in Syria. Journal of Biosocial Science 41:1-8.
  • Paddaiah G, Madlhavi D. (2001) The effect of prenatal consanguinity and inbreeding on the antrhropometric measurements of the newborn babies revisited. International Journal of Human Genetics 1:187-190.
  • Paddaiah G, Reddy GG. (1980) Effect of consanguinity on anthropometric measurements in the new born. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 47:133-136.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (1986) Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 17:391-421.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (1992) Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests. Acta Zoologica Fennica 191:57-72.
  • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. (2003) Fluctuating asymmetry analysis revisited. Polak M (ed): Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. Oxford University Press, 279-319.
  • Palmer AR. (1994) Fluctuating asymmetry analysis: a primer. Markow TA (ed): Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 335-364.
  • Rao PS, Inbaraj SG. (1980) Inbreeding effects on fetal growth and development. Journal of Medical Genetics 17:27-33.
  • Reddy BM. (1999) Fluctuating asymmetry and canalization: An appraisal based on a-b ridge counts among Indian populations with diverse backgrounds. American Journal of Human Biology 11:367- 381
  • Schaefer K, Lauc T, Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, Bookstein FL. (2006) Dental arch asymmetry in an isolated Adriatic community. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129:132-142.
  • Shami SA, Qadeer T, Schmitt LH, Bittles AH. (1991) Consanguinity, gestational period and anthropometric measurements at birth in Pakistan. Annals of Human Biology 18:523-527.
  • Slatis HM, Hoene RE. (1961) The effect of consanguinity on the distribution of continuously variable characteristics. American Journal of Human Genetics 13:28-31.
  • Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. (1995). Biometry: the Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 3. ed., New York: WH. Freeman and Company.
  • Soulé, ME. (1979) Heterozigozitiy and developmental stability: another look. Evolution 33: 396-401.
  • Stoltenberg C, Magnus P, Lie RT, Daltveit AK, Irgens LM. (1998) Influence of consanguinity and maternal education on risk of stillbirth and infant death in Norway, 1967–1993. American Journal of Epidemiology 148:452–9.
  • Suarez BK. (1974) Neandertal dental asymmetry and the probable mutation effect. American Journal Physical Anthropology 41:411-416.
  • Sueyoshi S, Ohtsuka R. (2003) Effect of polygyny and consanguinity on high fertility in the rural Arab populations in South Jordan. Journal of Biosocial Science 35:513-526.
  • Tanner JM, Hiernaux J, Jarman S. (1969) Growth and physique studies. Weiner JS, Lourie JA (ed): Human Biology: A Guide to Field Methods. IBP Handbook No. 9, Oxford: Blackwell Publications, 315-340.
  • Tunçbilek E, Koç İ. (1994) Consanguineous marriage in Turkey and its impact on fertility and mortality. Annals of Human Genetics 58:321-329.
  • Tunçbilek E. (2001) Clinical outcomes of consanguineous marriages in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 43:277-299.
  • Van Valen L. (1962) A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 16:125-142.
  • Waddington CH. (1942) Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 150:563-565.
  • Zakharov VM. (1992) Population phenogenetics: analysis of developmental stability in natural populations. Acta Zoologica Fennica 191:7-30.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Barış Özener

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Mart 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özener, B. (2012). Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. İnsanbilim Dergisi, 1(1), 6-16.
AMA Özener B. Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. İnsanbilim Dergisi. Temmuz 2012;1(1):6-16.
Chicago Özener, Barış. “Soy içi Evlilik Ve Dalgalanan Asimetri: Ankara’nın Yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan Genç Erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı Bir araştırma”. İnsanbilim Dergisi 1, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2012): 6-16.
EndNote Özener B (01 Temmuz 2012) Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. İnsanbilim Dergisi 1 1 6–16.
IEEE B. Özener, “Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma”, İnsanbilim Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 6–16, 2012.
ISNAD Özener, Barış. “Soy içi Evlilik Ve Dalgalanan Asimetri: Ankara’nın Yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan Genç Erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı Bir araştırma”. İnsanbilim Dergisi 1/1 (Temmuz 2012), 6-16.
JAMA Özener B. Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. İnsanbilim Dergisi. 2012;1:6–16.
MLA Özener, Barış. “Soy içi Evlilik Ve Dalgalanan Asimetri: Ankara’nın Yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan Genç Erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı Bir araştırma”. İnsanbilim Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 6-16.
Vancouver Özener B. Soy içi evlilik ve dalgalanan asimetri: Ankara’nın yoksul bölgelerinde yaşayan genç erkekler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. İnsanbilim Dergisi. 2012;1(1):6-16.