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FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 05.01.2016

Öz

Finansal ve reel sektörü birbirine bağlayan banka kredi kanalı önemli parasal aktarım mekanizmalarından biridir. Bankacılık ağırlıklı finansman sistemi olan Euro bölgesinde finansal kriz sürecinde ilk kez ortaya çıkan finansal parçalanma, banka kredi kanalının işleyişini olumsuz etkileyerek reel ekonominin iyileşmesini engellemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Euro bölgesindeki finansal parçalanmanın banka kredi kanalının işleyişini nasıl bozduğu açıklanmış ve bunun onarılması için alınan geleneksel olmayan para politikası önlemlerinin neler olduğu analiz edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AL-EYD, A. VE BERKMEN, P. (2013). Fragmentation and Monetary Policy in the Euro Area. IMF Working Paper, No: 208.
  • ASMUSSEN, J. (2013a). Reintegrating Financial Markets. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130614.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:14/09/13].
  • ASMUSSEN, J. (2013b). The Global Monetary Policy Stance-What are the Risks? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130910.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/09/13]
  • ABASCAL, M. ALONSO, T. VE MAYORDOMO, S.. (2013). Fragmentation in European Financial Markets: Measures, Determinants, and Policy Solutions. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/migrados/WP_1322_tcm348-394976.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:15/01/14]
  • BACCHETTA, P. VE BALLABRİGA, F. (2000). The Impact of Monetary Policy and Banks’Balance Sheets: Some International Evidence. Applied Financial Economics, 10(1):15- 26.
  • BEAN, C., LARSEN, J. VE NİKOLOV, K. ( 2002). Financial Frictions and The Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Theory, Evidence and Policy Implications. ECB Working Paper No: 113, January.
  • BERNANKE, B.S. VE BLİNDER, A.S. (1992). The Federal Funds Rate and the Channels of Monetary Transmission. The American Economic Review, 82( 4): ss.901-921.
  • BERNANKE, B.S. VE BLİNDER, A.S. (1988). Credit Money and Aggregate Demand. The American Economic Review, 78( 2): ss.435-439.
  • BERNANKE, B. S. VE GERTLER, M. (1995). Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmissio, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4): ss.27-48.
  • BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS. (2011). The Impact of Sovereign Credit Risk on Bank Funding Conditions. CGFS Papers, No:43. http://www.bis.org/publ/cgfs43.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:25/12/13]
  • CECCHETTI, S. G. (1995). Distinguishing Theories of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism. https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/95/05/Distiguishing_May_ June1995.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:14/01/13]
  • CECCHETTI, S.G. (1999). Legal Structure, Financial Structure, and the Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7151 [Erişim Tarihi:18/02/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2012). Why the Euro Needs a Banking Union. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2012/html/sp121008_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:14/03/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013a). Monetary Policy in the Crisis- Confronting Short-Run Challenges While Anchoring Long-Run Expectations. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130517.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:10/02/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013b). The Economic Consequences of Low Interest Rates. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp131009.en.html. [Erişim Tarihi:18/04/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013c). Non-Standart Monetary Policy Measures-Where do We Stand? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130710.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:20/04/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013d). Outright Monetary Transactions, One Year on. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130902.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:05/05/14].
  • COEURE, B.(2014). Asset Purchases as an Instrument of Monetary Policy. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140413.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/06/14]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2011). Challenges to Monetary Policy in 2012. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111208.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:18/01/13]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2012). Contagion and the European Debt Crisis. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111010.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/07/14]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2014). Growing Out of the Crisis-is Fixing Finance Enough? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140410_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:12/06/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2012). Verbatim of the Remarks made by Mario Dragh., Global Investment Conference in London, 26 July, http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2012/html/sp120726.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:25/04/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013a). Stable Euro, Strong Europe. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130625_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:17/01/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013b). Hearing at the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140714.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:23/02/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013c). The Role of Monetary Policy in Addressing the Crisis in the Euro Area. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130415.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:18/03/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2014). Financial Integration and Banking Union. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140212.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/14]
  • DOMBRET, A. (2012). As Goes Ireland, So Goes Europe? http://www.bis.org/review/r121026d.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:26/04/14].
  • DOMBRET, A. (2013). The Role of Central Banks https://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2013/2013_06_12_dombret.html. [Erişim Tarihi:23/04/14]
  • DOMBRET, A. (2014). Striving to Achive Stability- Regulations and Markets in the Light of the Crisis. http://www.bis.org/review/r140129b.htm. [Erişim Tarihi:25/05/14]
  • DUDLEY, W.C. (2013). Why Financial Stability is a Necessary Prerequisite for an Effective Monetary Policy. http://www.bis.org/review/r130624a.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:22/06/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2011). Outright Monetary Transactions. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/facts/monpol/html/mp_011.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:12/02/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2012a). European Economic Forecast, Autumn. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2012/pdf/ee-20127_en.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:17/06/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2012b). Financial Integration in Europe, April. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/financialintegrationineurope201204en.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:18/05/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2012c). Technical Features of Outright Monetary Transactions. 6 September. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2012/html/pr120906_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:16/12/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2013). Financial Integration in Europe, April. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/financialintegrationineurope201304en.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:24/04/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2014a). Press Release. 5 June. 10 Ağustos 2014 Tarihinde https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2014/html/pr140605_2.en.html adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:10/08/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2014b). Press Release. 18September. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2014/html/pr140918_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:02/10/14]
  • FERREIRA, C. (2009). The Credit Channel Transmission of Monetary Policy in the European Union. http://aquila2.iseg.utl.pt/aquila/getFile.do?method=getFile&fileId=94463 [Erişim Tarihi:28/04/14]
  • FUNGACOVA, Z. SOLANKO, L. VE WEILL, L. (2013). Does bank Competition Influence the Lending Channel in the Euro Area? http://www.suomenpankki.fi/bofit_en/tutkimus/tutkimusjulkaisut/dp/Documents/2013/dp1713 .pdf [Erişim Tarihi:12/03/14]
  • GAMBACORTA, L. VE MARQUES-IBANEZ, D. (2011). The Bank Lending Channel: Lessons from the Crisis. Economic Policy. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14680327.2011.00261.x/pdf [Erişim Tarihi:14/04/14]
  • GERTLER, M. VE GİLCHRİST, S. (1993). The Role of Credit Market Imperfections in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Arguments and Evidence. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95( 1): 43-64.
  • HONKAPOHJA, S. (2014). International Spillovers from Unconventional Monetary Policy Easing and Exit-What Do We Know? http://www.bis.org/review/r140617b.htm. [Erişim Tarihi:03/10/14]
  • INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. (2013). European Union: Publication of Financial Sector Assessment Program Documentation-TechnicalNote on Financial Integration and Fragmentation in the European Union. Country Report, March, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1367.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:15/01/14]
  • KASHYAP, A.K. VE STEIN, J. C. (1994). The Impact of Monetary Policy On Bank Balance Sheets. http://www.nber.org/papers/w4821.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:20/01/14]
  • KASHYAP, A.K. VE STEIN, J. C. (2000). What do a Million Observation on Banks Say about the Transmission of Monetary Policy. The American Economic Review, 90 (3): ss.407-428.
  • KASHYAP, A.K., STEIN, J. C. VE WILCOX, W. D. (1993). Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions: Evidence from the Composition of External Finance. The American Economic Review, 83(1):ss.78-98.
  • KISHAN, R.P. VE OPIELA, T.P. (2000). Bank Size, Bank Capital and the Bank Lending Channel. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 32(1): ss.121-141.
  • KNOT, K. (2013). Central Bank Independence and Unconventional Monetary PolicyChallenges for the European Central Bank. http://www.bis.org/review/r131017b.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/14]
  • LIIKANEN, E. (2013). Banking Structure and Monetary Policy-What Have We Learned in the Last 20 Years?15 Nisan 2014 Tarihinde http://www.bis.org/review/r130507e.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:15/04/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2013). Monetary Policy in an Environment of Low Growth and Interest Rate, 08 Mart 2014 Tarihinde http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130613_1.en.html adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:08/03/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2014a). Finance in an Environment of Downsizing Banks. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140524.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:26/10/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2014b). ECB in Between State Rescue and Monetary Policy. http://www.bis.org/review/r140514g.htm [Erişim Tarihi:29/10/14]
  • MORGAN, D. P. (1998). The Credit Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence Using Loan Commitments. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 30(1): ss.102-118.
  • MORRIS, C. S. VE SELLON, G. H. (1995). Bank Lending and Monetary Policy, Evidence on a Credit Channel. http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/ECONREV/pdf/2q95morr.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:16/01/14]
  • NOYER, C. (2013). Current Policy Debate Challenges-a Euro Area. http://www.bis.org/review/r130524f.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:14/01/14]
  • PRAET, P. (2014). Reforms and Growth in the Euro Area. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140218.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:25/03/14]
  • ROMER, C. D. VE ROMER D. H. (1989) . Does Monetary Policy matter? A New Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz. http://www.nber.org/papers/w2966.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:28/04/14]
  • ROMER, C. D. VE ROMER D. H. (1990). New Evidence on the Monetary Transmission Mechanism. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1990(1): ss.149-213.
  • SMAGHI, S. L. (2011). The Challenges Facing Monetary Policy. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp110127.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:27/04/14]
  • OLINER, S. D. VE RUDEBUSH, G.D. (1995). Is There a Bank Lending Channel for Monetary Policy? http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economicreview/1995/95-2_3-20.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/13].
  • OLINER, S. D. VE RUDEBUSH, G.D. (1996). Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions: Evidence from the Composition of External Finance: Comment. The American Economic Review, 86(1): ss.300-309.
  • TRICHET, J.–C. (2013). Unconventional Monetary Policy Measures: PrinciplesConditions-Raison d’^etr. International Journal of Central Banking, 9(1): ss.229-250.
  • WOLFF, G.B. (2013 ). The ECB’s OMT Programme and German Constitutional Program. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2013/08/g20%20central%20banks %20monetary%20policy/TT20%20european%20union_wolff.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:25/01/14]
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 05.01.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AL-EYD, A. VE BERKMEN, P. (2013). Fragmentation and Monetary Policy in the Euro Area. IMF Working Paper, No: 208.
  • ASMUSSEN, J. (2013a). Reintegrating Financial Markets. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130614.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:14/09/13].
  • ASMUSSEN, J. (2013b). The Global Monetary Policy Stance-What are the Risks? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130910.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/09/13]
  • ABASCAL, M. ALONSO, T. VE MAYORDOMO, S.. (2013). Fragmentation in European Financial Markets: Measures, Determinants, and Policy Solutions. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/migrados/WP_1322_tcm348-394976.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:15/01/14]
  • BACCHETTA, P. VE BALLABRİGA, F. (2000). The Impact of Monetary Policy and Banks’Balance Sheets: Some International Evidence. Applied Financial Economics, 10(1):15- 26.
  • BEAN, C., LARSEN, J. VE NİKOLOV, K. ( 2002). Financial Frictions and The Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Theory, Evidence and Policy Implications. ECB Working Paper No: 113, January.
  • BERNANKE, B.S. VE BLİNDER, A.S. (1992). The Federal Funds Rate and the Channels of Monetary Transmission. The American Economic Review, 82( 4): ss.901-921.
  • BERNANKE, B.S. VE BLİNDER, A.S. (1988). Credit Money and Aggregate Demand. The American Economic Review, 78( 2): ss.435-439.
  • BERNANKE, B. S. VE GERTLER, M. (1995). Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmissio, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4): ss.27-48.
  • BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS. (2011). The Impact of Sovereign Credit Risk on Bank Funding Conditions. CGFS Papers, No:43. http://www.bis.org/publ/cgfs43.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:25/12/13]
  • CECCHETTI, S. G. (1995). Distinguishing Theories of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism. https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/95/05/Distiguishing_May_ June1995.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:14/01/13]
  • CECCHETTI, S.G. (1999). Legal Structure, Financial Structure, and the Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7151 [Erişim Tarihi:18/02/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2012). Why the Euro Needs a Banking Union. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2012/html/sp121008_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:14/03/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013a). Monetary Policy in the Crisis- Confronting Short-Run Challenges While Anchoring Long-Run Expectations. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130517.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:10/02/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013b). The Economic Consequences of Low Interest Rates. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp131009.en.html. [Erişim Tarihi:18/04/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013c). Non-Standart Monetary Policy Measures-Where do We Stand? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130710.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:20/04/14]
  • COEURE, B. (2013d). Outright Monetary Transactions, One Year on. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130902.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:05/05/14].
  • COEURE, B.(2014). Asset Purchases as an Instrument of Monetary Policy. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140413.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/06/14]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2011). Challenges to Monetary Policy in 2012. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111208.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:18/01/13]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2012). Contagion and the European Debt Crisis. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111010.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:15/07/14]
  • CONSTANCIO, V. (2014). Growing Out of the Crisis-is Fixing Finance Enough? http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140410_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:12/06/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2012). Verbatim of the Remarks made by Mario Dragh., Global Investment Conference in London, 26 July, http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2012/html/sp120726.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:25/04/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013a). Stable Euro, Strong Europe. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130625_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:17/01/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013b). Hearing at the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140714.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:23/02/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2013c). The Role of Monetary Policy in Addressing the Crisis in the Euro Area. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130415.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:18/03/14]
  • DRAGHI, M. (2014). Financial Integration and Banking Union. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140212.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/14]
  • DOMBRET, A. (2012). As Goes Ireland, So Goes Europe? http://www.bis.org/review/r121026d.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:26/04/14].
  • DOMBRET, A. (2013). The Role of Central Banks https://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2013/2013_06_12_dombret.html. [Erişim Tarihi:23/04/14]
  • DOMBRET, A. (2014). Striving to Achive Stability- Regulations and Markets in the Light of the Crisis. http://www.bis.org/review/r140129b.htm. [Erişim Tarihi:25/05/14]
  • DUDLEY, W.C. (2013). Why Financial Stability is a Necessary Prerequisite for an Effective Monetary Policy. http://www.bis.org/review/r130624a.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:22/06/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2011). Outright Monetary Transactions. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/facts/monpol/html/mp_011.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:12/02/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2012a). European Economic Forecast, Autumn. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2012/pdf/ee-20127_en.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:17/06/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2012b). Financial Integration in Europe, April. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/financialintegrationineurope201204en.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:18/05/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2012c). Technical Features of Outright Monetary Transactions. 6 September. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2012/html/pr120906_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:16/12/13]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK. (2013). Financial Integration in Europe, April. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/financialintegrationineurope201304en.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:24/04/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2014a). Press Release. 5 June. 10 Ağustos 2014 Tarihinde https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2014/html/pr140605_2.en.html adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:10/08/14]
  • EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK . (2014b). Press Release. 18September. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2014/html/pr140918_1.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:02/10/14]
  • FERREIRA, C. (2009). The Credit Channel Transmission of Monetary Policy in the European Union. http://aquila2.iseg.utl.pt/aquila/getFile.do?method=getFile&fileId=94463 [Erişim Tarihi:28/04/14]
  • FUNGACOVA, Z. SOLANKO, L. VE WEILL, L. (2013). Does bank Competition Influence the Lending Channel in the Euro Area? http://www.suomenpankki.fi/bofit_en/tutkimus/tutkimusjulkaisut/dp/Documents/2013/dp1713 .pdf [Erişim Tarihi:12/03/14]
  • GAMBACORTA, L. VE MARQUES-IBANEZ, D. (2011). The Bank Lending Channel: Lessons from the Crisis. Economic Policy. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14680327.2011.00261.x/pdf [Erişim Tarihi:14/04/14]
  • GERTLER, M. VE GİLCHRİST, S. (1993). The Role of Credit Market Imperfections in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Arguments and Evidence. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95( 1): 43-64.
  • HONKAPOHJA, S. (2014). International Spillovers from Unconventional Monetary Policy Easing and Exit-What Do We Know? http://www.bis.org/review/r140617b.htm. [Erişim Tarihi:03/10/14]
  • INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. (2013). European Union: Publication of Financial Sector Assessment Program Documentation-TechnicalNote on Financial Integration and Fragmentation in the European Union. Country Report, March, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1367.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:15/01/14]
  • KASHYAP, A.K. VE STEIN, J. C. (1994). The Impact of Monetary Policy On Bank Balance Sheets. http://www.nber.org/papers/w4821.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:20/01/14]
  • KASHYAP, A.K. VE STEIN, J. C. (2000). What do a Million Observation on Banks Say about the Transmission of Monetary Policy. The American Economic Review, 90 (3): ss.407-428.
  • KASHYAP, A.K., STEIN, J. C. VE WILCOX, W. D. (1993). Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions: Evidence from the Composition of External Finance. The American Economic Review, 83(1):ss.78-98.
  • KISHAN, R.P. VE OPIELA, T.P. (2000). Bank Size, Bank Capital and the Bank Lending Channel. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 32(1): ss.121-141.
  • KNOT, K. (2013). Central Bank Independence and Unconventional Monetary PolicyChallenges for the European Central Bank. http://www.bis.org/review/r131017b.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/14]
  • LIIKANEN, E. (2013). Banking Structure and Monetary Policy-What Have We Learned in the Last 20 Years?15 Nisan 2014 Tarihinde http://www.bis.org/review/r130507e.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:15/04/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2013). Monetary Policy in an Environment of Low Growth and Interest Rate, 08 Mart 2014 Tarihinde http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2013/html/sp130613_1.en.html adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:08/03/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2014a). Finance in an Environment of Downsizing Banks. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140524.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:26/10/14]
  • MERSCH, Y. (2014b). ECB in Between State Rescue and Monetary Policy. http://www.bis.org/review/r140514g.htm [Erişim Tarihi:29/10/14]
  • MORGAN, D. P. (1998). The Credit Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence Using Loan Commitments. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 30(1): ss.102-118.
  • MORRIS, C. S. VE SELLON, G. H. (1995). Bank Lending and Monetary Policy, Evidence on a Credit Channel. http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/ECONREV/pdf/2q95morr.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:16/01/14]
  • NOYER, C. (2013). Current Policy Debate Challenges-a Euro Area. http://www.bis.org/review/r130524f.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi:14/01/14]
  • PRAET, P. (2014). Reforms and Growth in the Euro Area. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140218.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:25/03/14]
  • ROMER, C. D. VE ROMER D. H. (1989) . Does Monetary Policy matter? A New Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz. http://www.nber.org/papers/w2966.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:28/04/14]
  • ROMER, C. D. VE ROMER D. H. (1990). New Evidence on the Monetary Transmission Mechanism. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1990(1): ss.149-213.
  • SMAGHI, S. L. (2011). The Challenges Facing Monetary Policy. http://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2011/html/sp110127.en.html [Erişim Tarihi:27/04/14]
  • OLINER, S. D. VE RUDEBUSH, G.D. (1995). Is There a Bank Lending Channel for Monetary Policy? http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economicreview/1995/95-2_3-20.pdf adresinden erişildi. [Erişim Tarihi:19/04/13].
  • OLINER, S. D. VE RUDEBUSH, G.D. (1996). Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions: Evidence from the Composition of External Finance: Comment. The American Economic Review, 86(1): ss.300-309.
  • TRICHET, J.–C. (2013). Unconventional Monetary Policy Measures: PrinciplesConditions-Raison d’^etr. International Journal of Central Banking, 9(1): ss.229-250.
  • WOLFF, G.B. (2013 ). The ECB’s OMT Programme and German Constitutional Program. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2013/08/g20%20central%20banks %20monetary%20policy/TT20%20european%20union_wolff.pdf [Erişim Tarihi:25/01/14]
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aydan Kansu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ocak 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kansu, A. (2016). FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 3(1), 1-20.
AMA Kansu A. FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JEPR. Ocak 2016;3(1):1-20.
Chicago Kansu, Aydan. “FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 3, sy. 1 (Ocak 2016): 1-20.
EndNote Kansu A (01 Ocak 2016) FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 3 1 1–20.
IEEE A. Kansu, “FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ”, JEPR, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 1–20, 2016.
ISNAD Kansu, Aydan. “FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 3/1 (Ocak 2016), 1-20.
JAMA Kansu A. FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JEPR. 2016;3:1–20.
MLA Kansu, Aydan. “FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, c. 3, sy. 1, 2016, ss. 1-20.
Vancouver Kansu A. FİNANSAL PARÇALANMANIN BANKA KREDİ KANALI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: EURO BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ. JEPR. 2016;3(1):1-20.