The Serum Pepsinogen Level of Dairy Cows with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 7 - 11, 01.01.2017

Ali Hajımohammadı Mohammad Reza Tabandeh Saeed Nazıfı Maryam Khosravanıan

https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.265490

Öz

    The incidence of abomasal mucosal diseases in dairy cows suffering from gastrointestinal disorders is becoming more frequent in modern intensive production. Clinical signs are often non-specific. In this study, 67 dairy cows with gastrointestinal disorders and 9 healthy dairy cows as the control group were used. In order to make a tentative diagnosis, a complete physical examination was performed, and the fecal samples were taken from each cow for the fecal occult blood (FOB) and the fecal egg count (FEC). Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein for WBC, Hematocrit (PCV) evaluations, and serum biochemical analysis. Serum pepsinogen activity and total protein; albumin and globulin were measured using validated standard methods. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. A significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in all the cases of abomasal displacements compared to the control group. Among the abomasal displacement groups a significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in abomasal displacements with suspected abomasal ulcer in comparison with those without any signs of abomasal ulcer (positive FOB and melena). No considerable differences were observed between WBC, PCV, and total protein and globulin in different gastrointestinal disorders and the control group. In this study, the serum pepsinogen activity in all dairy cows with signs of abomasal ulcer (melena and positive fecal occult blood test) was higher than the control group, since all of the cases had negative abomasal parasites; these increases in the signs of abomasal ulcer could predict abomasal ulcer complication in the cases of displacements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abomasal ulcer, dairy cows, gastrointestinal disorders, pepsinogen

The Serum Pepsinogen Level of Dairy Cows with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Öz

  The incidence of abomasal mucosal diseases in dairy cows suffering from gastrointestinal disorders is becoming more frequent in modern intensive production. Clinical signs are often non-specific. In this study, 67 dairy cows with gastrointestinal disorders and 9 healthy dairy cows as the control group were used. In order to make a tentative diagnosis, a complete physical examination was performed, and the fecal samples were taken from each cow for the fecal occult blood (FOB) and the fecal egg count (FEC). Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein for WBC, Hematocrit (PCV) evaluations, and serum biochemical analysis. Serum pepsinogen activity and total protein; albumin and globulin were measured using validated standard methods. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. A significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in all the cases of abomasal displacements compared to the control group. Among the abomasal displacement groups a significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in abomasal displacements with suspected abomasal ulcer in comparison with those without any signs of abomasal ulcer (positive FOB and melena). No considerable differences were observed between WBC, PCV, and total protein and globulin in different gastrointestinal disorders and the control group. In this study, the serum pepsinogen activity in all dairy cows with signs of abomasal ulcer (melena and positive fecal occult blood test) was higher than the control group, since all of the cases had negative abomasal parasites; these increases in the signs of abomasal ulcer could predict abomasal ulcer complication in the cases of displacements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abomasal ulcer, dairy cows, gastrointestinal disorders, pepsinogen

Kaynakça

• Abouzeid, N.Z., Sakuta, E., Kawai, T., Takahashi, T., Gotoh, A., Takehana, K., Oetzel, G.R., Oikawa, S., 2008. Assessment of serum pepsinogen and other biochemical parameters in dairy cows with displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus before and after operation. Journal of Rakuno Gakuen University Natural Science 32, 161-167.
• Armstrong, W.D., and Carr, C.W. 1964. Estimation of serum total protein. In: Physiological Chemistry Laboratory Directions, 3rd ed. Minneapolis, Burges Publishing Co, USA.
• Aukema, J.J., Breukink, H.J., 1974. Abomasal ulcer in adult cattle with fatal haemorrhage. The Cornell Veterinarian 64, 303-317.
• Berghen, P., Hilderson, H., Vercruysse, J., Dorny, P., 1993. Evaluation of pepsinogen, gastrin and antibody response in diagnosing ostertagiasis. Veterinary Parasitology 46, 175-195.
• Braun, U., Eicher, R., Ehrensperger, F., 1991. Type 1 Abomasal Ulcers in Dairy Cattle Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A 38, 357-366.
• Cable CS, Rebhun W.C., Fubini S.L., Erb H.N., Ducharme N.G., 1998. Concurrent abomasal displacement and perforating ulceration in cattle: 21 cases (1985-1996). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212, 1442-1445.
• Cebra, C.K., Tornquist, S.J., Bildfell, R.J., Heidel, J.R., 2003. Bile acids in gastric fluids from llamas and alpacas with and without ulcers. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 17, 567-570.
• Constable, P.D., Miller, G.Y., Hoffsis, G.F., Hull, B.L., Rings, D.M., 1992. Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, 1184-1192.
• Dorny, P., Vercruysse, J., 1998. Evaluation of a micro method for the routine determination of serum pepsinogen in cattle. Research in veterinary science 65, 259-262.
• Fox, M.T., Uche, U.E., Vaillant, C., Ganabadi, S., Calam, J., 2002. Effects of Ostertagia ostertagi and omeprazole treatment on feed intake and gastrin-related responses in the calf. Veterinary parasitology 105, 285-301.
• Fubini, S., Divers, T., 2008. Noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Divers T.J., Peek S.F. (Eds.), Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Saunders Elsevier, Missouri, USA, pp.130-199.
• Geishauser, T., 1995. Abomasal displacement in the bovine—a review on character, occurrence, aetiology and pathogenesis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A 42, 229-251.
• Hajimohammadi, A., Badiei, K., Mostaghni, K., Pourjafar, M., 2010. Serum pepsinogen level and abomasal ulcerations in experimental abomasal displacement in sheep. Veterinarni Medicina 55, 311-317.
• Harvey-White, J.D., Smith, J.P., Parbuoni, E., Allen, E.H., 1983. Reference serum pepsinogen concentrations in dairy cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 44, 115-117.
• Hilderson, H., Berghen, P., Vercruysse, J., Dorny, P., Braem, L., 1989. Diagnostic value of pepsinogen for clinical ostertagiosis. Veterinary Record 125, 376-377.
• Kataria, N., Kataria, A.K., Gahlot, A.K., 2008. Use of plasma gastrin and pepsinogen levels as diagnostic markers of abomasal dysfunction in Marwari sheep of arid tract. Slovenian Veterinary Research 45, 117-150.
• Katchuik, R., 1992. Abomasal disease in young beef calves: surgical findings and management factors. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 33, 459-461.
• McKellar, Q.A., Mostofa, M., Eckersall, P.D., 1990. Stimulated pepsinogen secretion from dispersed abomasal glands exposed to Ostertagia species secretion. Research in Veterinary Science 48, 6-11.
• Mesaric, M., 2005. Role of serum pepsinogen in detecting cows with abomasal ulcer. Veterinarski Arhiv 75, 111-118.
• Mesaric, M., Zadnik, T., Klinkon, K., 2002. Comparison of serum pepsinogen activity between enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) positive beef cattle and cows with abomasal ulcers. Slovenian Veterinary Research 39, 227–232.
• Oderda G., Altare F., Dell’Olio D, Ansaldi N 1988. Prognostic value of serum Pepsinogen I in children with peptic ulcer. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 7, 645–650.
• Ohwada, S., Oikawa, S., Mori, F., Koiwa, M., Nitanai, A., Kurosawa, T., Satoh, H., 2002. Serum pepsinogen concentrations in healthy cows and their diagnostic significance with abomasal diseases. Journal of Rakuno Gakuen University Natural Science 26, 289-293.
• Palmer, J.E., Whitlock, R.H., 1984. Perforated abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 184, 171-174.
• Paynter, D.I., 1994. Pepsinogen activity, determination in serum and plasma. In: Australian Standard Diagnostic Technique for Animal Diseases, Benalla, Australia pp.1-4.
• Radostits, O.M., 2000. Clinical examination of the alimentary system. Ruminants. In: Radostits O. M., Mayhew I. G., Houston D. (Eds.), Veterinary Clinical Examination and Diagnosis. W.B. Saunders, London, England 459-461.
• Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. In: Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed., W.B. Saunders, London 1548-1551.
• Samloff, I.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Heilbrun, L.K., Nomura, A., 1986. Elevated serum pepsinogen I and II levels differ as risk factors for duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer. Gastroenterology 90, 570-576.
• Sandin, A., Skidell, J., Häggström, J., Nilsson, G., 2000. Postmortem findings of gastric ulcers in Swedish horses older than age one year: a retrospective study of 3715 horses (1924–1996). Equine Veterinary Journal 32, 36-42.
• Scott, I., Dick, A., Irvine, J., Stear, M.J., McKellar, Q.A., 1999. The distribution of pepsinogen within the abomasa of cattle and sheep infected with Ostertagia spp. and sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology 82, 145-159.
• Tanaka, Y., Mine, K., Nakai, Y., Mishima, N., Nakagawa, T., 1991. Serum pepsinogen I concentrations in peptic ulcer patients in relation to ulcer location and stage. Gut 32, 849-852.
• Vörös, K., Meyer, C., Stöber, M., 1984. Pepsinogen aktivität von Serum und Harn sowie Pepsinaktivität des Labmagensaftes labmagengesunder und nicht-parasitär labmagenkranker Rinder. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A. 31, 182-192.
• Zadnik, T., Mesaric, M., 1999. Fecal blood levels and serum proenzyme pepsinogen activity of dairy cows with abomasal displacement. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 54, 61–65.