Is it true that date-palm consumes a lot of water?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 62 - 71, 28.06.2019

İmed Ben Aissa Sami Bouarfa Olivier Roupsard Rajouene Majdoub

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.2.3

Öz

To improve the irrigation water management in
oasian context, evapotranspiration assessment is required. In Tunisian oases,
date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the main crop and its water
use is an essential evapotranspiration element. In this research, sap flow
measurement was implemented to assess the date palm transpiration inside an
irrigated-drained field within which the shallow-groundwater level and the water
balance elements were continuously monitored. The site is a Tunisian Saharan
oasis, stamped by waterlogging and salinity manifestation and by low-frequency and
irregular flooding irrigation. The cropping system is two-storey palm/grass
layered system. This paper focuses on one-year period sap flow measurements
using a recalibrated Granier's TDP-method. Results showed that the instantly transpiration
varied with the air temperature and was high related to the shallow water table
nycthemeral fluctuation. The daily transpiration ranged between 0.5 and 3.5 mm d^-1
with a clear seasonal variation. A water stress appearance according to
water delivery frequency during the summer season was also revealed. The one-year-cumulated
date palm transpiration was about 730 mm and represented almost 60% of the overall
oasis deduced evapotranspiration. From this experiment case, it was noted that the
date palm tree transpiration reflect a modest water consumption (35 to 45%)
relatively to the surrounding high evaporative demand and it can be deduced
that date palm tree, in itself, isn't a great water consumer in such cropping conditions.
After more validation, these elucidations should be considered to rethink the
date palm irrigation scheduling and the water management practices inside oasis
schemes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saharan oasis, Tunisia, Date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Sap flow, Transpiration, Tunisia

Kaynakça

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