Capital Battles: Labor Markets Benefits Access Channel of Youth and Social Networks in Turkey

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 58, 17 - 44, 07.12.2018

Şenol Baştürk

Öz

The number of findings indicated that social networks positively affect employment conditions of young workers. This kind of comment reveals that the positive effect is limited to middle-class youth. However, in this study, I will claim that social capital is an independent resource and must be seen as specific to working-class strategies. I used Turkish household labor survey covering paid employment in youth employment and I will test two hypotheses on the influence of social networks. The first one asserts that social networks commonly used by working-class and middle-class youth tend to enhance cultural capital resources. The second hypothesis claims that social networks are useful for obtaining the benefits of labor markets via private large-scale industrial employment for working-class youth; on the contrary, middle-class youth try to reach these benefits through managerial career paths. After the analysis, findings confirm that both hypotheses are valid.

Anahtar Kelimeler

social networks, Social capital, young labor, labor market benefits, employment

Sermaye Savaşları: Türkiye’de Gençlerin İşgücü Piyasası Avantajlarına Erişme Kanalları ve Sosyal Ağlar

Öz

Sosyal ağların gençlerin istihdam koşullarını olumlu etkilediğine yönelik bulguların sayısı fazladır. Bu yorumlar olumlu etkilerin genellikle orta sınıflar ile sınırlı olacağı kanısındadır. Ancak bu çalışmada, sosyal sermayeyi, bağımsız bir kaynak olarak alt sınıf stratejilerinin bir parçası olarak kabul edilecektir. Türkiye’de ücretli olarak istihdam edilen gençleri kapsayan hane halkı işgücü verileri, sosyal ağların etkisine yönelik iki hipotezi test etmek için kullanılacaktır. Birincisi, Türkiye’de sosyal ağların işgücü piyasasında, alt sınıf gençler tarafından yoğun kullanıldığını; buna karşın orta sınıf gençlerin kültürel sermaye kaynaklarına odaklandığını ileri sürecektir. İkinci hipotezde ise ortaya atılacak iddia, sosyal ağlar üzerinden istihdam edilen gençlerin daha çok özel sektörde imalat endüstrisinde faaliyet gösteren büyük ölçekli firmalar yoluyla işgücü piyasası fırsatlarına erişim sağladığı; buna karşın orta sınıf gençlerin yönetici olarak istihdam edilmek üzerinden fırsatlara eriştiğidir. Araştırma sonucunda her iki hipotezi destekleyici bulgular ile karşılaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal sermaye, sosyal ağlar, genç işgücü, işgücü piyasası fırsatları, istihdam

Kaynakça

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