Doğa koruma ve restorasyon öncelikli alanların belirlenmesinde ekolojik değer analizinin kullanımı

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 1, 22 - 35, 01.01.2018

Simay Kırca Hakan Altınçekiç

Öz

Özet: Son yıllarda yapılan birçok çalışma, üç fitocoğrafik
rejyonda bulunup yüksek derecede biyolojik çeşitlilğe ev sahipliği yapan ancak
doğal yapısı antropojenik müdahalelerle bozulmuş veya tahrip olmuş orman
peyzajlarında doğa koruma ve restorasyon çalışmalarına gerek duyulduğunu ortaya
koymuştur. Özellikle Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’da son yıllarda bu konulardaki son
gelişmeler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, çeşitli peyzaj tipleri için farklı
planlama yöntemlerinin uygulandığı doğa koruma ve restorasyon çalışmalarının
yapılmasının önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, doğa koruma ve
restorasyon öncelikli alanların belirlenmesine yönelik olarak günümüzde birçok
gelişmiş ülkede yaygın olarak kullanılan “ekolojik değer analizi”nin temel
prensiplerine dayanan bir planlama konsepti geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma alanı olarak Yedigöller Milli Parkı (Bolu) seçilmiştir. Ekolojik değer
analizi 80 örnek alandan toplanan bitki toplumlarının enderliği ve bunların
mekansal dağılımı, hemerobi dereceleri, bitki taksonlarının çeşitliliği ve
enderliği, endemik bitki taksonları, orman strüktürünün bazı bileşenleri
(katlılık, meşcere yaşı, karışım biçimi, karışım oranı, meşcere kapalılığı) ve
ölü ağaç miktarına ilişkin 16 parametrenin değerlendirilmesiyle ilişki
matrisleri ve doğrudan puanlama kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre; (1) doğallık, yaşam alanı çeşitliliği, tür çeşitliliği,
enderlik ve endemikliğe bağlı olarak oldukça değişken bir peyzaj yapısı vardır,
(2) araştırma alanının %90’ı “orta” ekolojişk değere sahiptir, (3) ayrıntılı
ekolojik değer skalası puanları 15-30 arasında değişmektedir, (4) antropojenik
etki büyük oranda göllere yakın olan alanda belirlenmiştir, (5) peyzaj yapısına
bağlı olarak mümkün olduğunca fazla parametrenin kullanılması alanın çok yönlü
olarak analiz edilmesini sağladığı gibi analizin hassasiyetini de
arttırmıştır.              

Anahtar Kelimeler: Peyzaj planlama, doğa koruma, restorasyon, ekolojik değer, arazi kullanımı

Received (Geliş): 02.06.2017 - Revised (Düzeltme): 16.07.2017 -   Accepted (Kabul): 17.10.2017

Anahtar Kelimeler

Peyzaj planlama, doğa koruma, restorasyon, ekolojik değer, arazi kullanımı

Use of ecological value analysis for prioritizing areas for nature conservation and restoration

Öz

Abstract: Many studies made in recent years revealed the fact that nature conservation and restoration practises have been required in our forests, whose natural structure has been degraded or destroyed by anthropogenic interference, containing a high level of biodiversity and situated in three different phyto-geographical regions. Considering the recent developments on these subjects mainly in Europe and North America, it is necessary to carry on nature conservation and restoration studies by applying different planning methodology for various landscape types. It was aimed with this study to develop a new planning concept for determining nature conservation and restoration priority areas based on the basic principles of “ecological value analysis”, which is widely used today in many developed countries. Yedigöller National Park (Bolu) was selected as study area. Ecological value analysis was performed with the assessment of data collected from 80 sample plots related to 16 parameters, which are the rarity of plant communities and their spatial distribution, hemeroby degrees, diversity and rarity of plant taxa, endemic plant taxa, some components of forest structure (layerness, stand age, mixture type, mixture rate, canopy closure) and deadwood amount by using relation matrices and direct scoring. The results revealed that; (1) there is a rather variable landscape structure depending on naturalness, diversity of habitats, species diversity, rarity and endemism, (2) 90% of the study area has “medium” ecological value, (3) detailed ecological value scale scores ranges between 15-30, (4) anthropogenic disturbance is mainly determined in the area close to the lakes, (5) use of many parameters as possible considering the landscape structure improved the sensitivity of the analysis as well as providing the sophisticated analysis of the study area.

Keywords: Landscape planning, nature conservation, restoration, ecological value, land use

Received (Geliş): 02.06.2017 - Revised (Düzeltme): 16.07.2017 -   Accepted (Kabul): 17.10.2017

Anahtar Kelimeler

Landscape planning, nature conservation, restoration, ecological value, land use

Kaynakça

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