BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

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Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 154 - 186, 01.01.2015

Öz

PR’s definition and role have been discussed till today. Still it is accepted that Excellence Theory developed by Grunig has had important effects on the PR’s theorization. The theory theorizes PR as a process in which two-way symetrical model has to be applied to develop and maintain mutually beneficial relationships between an organisation and its publics. That is, the theory determines the boundaries of PR as organisations and their publics. However, it is argued that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) approach tries to extend these boundaries and to prioritize societies’ interests over the interests of profitoriented organisations and their publics. Is this really the case? Are CSR approach and the Stakeholder Theory on which the approach is built alturist and communitarianist ? Or is the Stakeholder Theory as capitalist as the Excellence theory is? What concluded at the end of the literature review is interesting. Whether CSR is something towards societies or towards a corporation-nationalization is not clear. Briefly it is concluded that following Grunigian approach would be better for PR within the existing context in which capitalist economical-polity survives

Kaynakça

  • Alvesson M and Willmott H (2003) Studying Management Critically, Sage, London.
  • Banks S D (1995) Multicultural Public Relations, A Socio-interpretive Approach, Sage,Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Botan C H and Hazleton V Jr (2006) Public Relations Theory II, Botan C H and Hazleton V.Jr (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, London.
  • Botan C H and Taylor M (2004) Public Relations: State of the Field, Journal of Communications, 54(4), 645- 661.
  • Broom G M, Casey S and Ritchey J (2000) Concept and Theory of Organisation Public Relations, J A Ledingham and S D Bruning (eds.), Public Relations as Relationship Management, Lawrence, London, 3-23.
  • Berger B K (2005) Power Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism, Journal of Public Relations Research,17(1),5- 28.
  • Bakan J (2004) The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, Constable, London.
  • Bowen H R (1953) Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper & Row, New York.
  • Branco M C and Rodrigues L L (2007) Positioning Stakeholder Theory within the Debate on Corporate Social Responsibility, Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 12(1), 5- 15.
  • Blair M (1995) Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty- First Century, The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C.
  • Carroll A B (1991) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, Business Horizons, 34(4), 39- 48.
  • Carroll A B (1999) Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct, Business and Society, 38(3), 268- 295.
  • Carroll A B and Buchholtz A K (2000). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (4.ed), South-Western College Publishing, Australia.
  • Carroll A B and Shabana K M (2010) The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice, International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85- 105.
  • Cutlip S M and Center A H (1952) Effective Public Relations, Prentice Hall, New York.
  • Cutlip S M, Center A H and Broom G M (2000) Effective Public Relations (8.ed), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Commission of the European Communities (2006) Implementing the Partnership for Growth and Jobs: Making Europe a Pole of Excellence on Corporate Social Responsibility,http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006: 0136:FIN:en:PDF, erişim tarihi: 28.06. 2014.
  • Dozier M D and Ehling P W (1992) Evaluation of Public Relations Programs. What the Literature Tells us About Their Effects, J. E. Grunig ve D. M. Dozier (eds.), Excellence In Public Relations, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , Mahwah, NJ., 159–184.
  • Driscoll C and Starik M (2004) The Primordial Stakeholder: Advancing the Conceptual Consideration of Stakeholder Status for the Natural Environment, Journal of Business Ethics, 49(1), 55- 73.
  • Driscoll C and Crombie A (2001) Stakeholder Legitimacy Management and the Qualified Good Neighbor: The Case of Nova Nada and JDI, Business and Society, 40( 4), 442–471.
  • Donaldson T and Preston L (1995) The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications, The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65- 91.
  • Donaldson T (1999) Response: Making Stakeholder Theory Whole. The Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 237- 241.
  • Dunne S B (2007) On the Question of Corporate Social Responsibility, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, University of Leicester, www.critical management.org/.../DUNNE5094...’den, erişim tarihi: 23. 06. 2014.
  • Davis G F and Cobb J A (2009) Resource Dependence Theory: Past and Future, www.iqrapsh.edu.pk/.../Resource%20Depende... erişim tarihi: 26. 06. 2014.
  • Darwall S (1998) Philosophical Ethics, Westview, Colorado.
  • Den Uyl D J (1984) The New Crusaders: The Corporate Social Responsibility Debate. Bowling Green, Bowling Green State University, Ohio.
  • Edwards L (2006) Rethinking Power in Public Relations, Public Relations Review, 32(3), 229- 231.
  • Edwards L (2009) Public Relations Theories: An Overview, R Tench and L Yeomans (eds.), Exploring Public Relations (2.ed.), Pearson, London, 150-169.
  • Etzioni A (1998) A Communitarian Note on Stakeholder Theory, Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(4), 679- 691.
  • Evan W M and Freeman R E (1988) A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation: Kantian Capitalism, T L Beauchamp and N E Bowie (eds.), Ethical Theory and Business, (3. ed.) Cliffs, Englewood, 97–106.
  • Elias A A, Cavana R Y and Jackson L S (2002). Stakeholder Analysis for R&D Project Management, R&D Management, 34(2), 301–310.
  • Frederick W (1994) From CSR1 to CSR2, Business and Society, 33(2),150-164.
  • Freeman R (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, London.
  • Freeman R (1994) The Politics of Stakeholder Theory: Some Future Directions, Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4): 409-421.
  • Freeman R (2008). Ending the So-Called “Friedman-Freeman” Debate. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2), 153-190.
  • Freeman R and Phillips R (1999) Business Ethics: Pragmatism and Postmodernism, Frederick R (ed), A Companion to Business Ethics, Maldon Mass, Blackwell, 128-138.
  • Freeman R and Evan W (1990) Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder İnterpretation, Journal of Behavioural Economics, 19(4), 337- 360.
  • Freeman R, Wicks A and Parmar B (2004) Stakeholder Theory and The Corporate Objective Revisited, Organization Science, 15(3), 364-369.
  • Freeman R, Harrison J and Wicks A (2007) Managing for Stakeholders: Survival, Reputation, and Success. Yale University Press, London.
  • Freeman R and Phillips R (2002) Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defence, Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(3), 331-349.
  • Freeman R and McVea J (2001) A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management, Hitt M, Harrison J and Freeman R (eds.), Handbook of Strategic Management, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 189-207.
  • Friedman M (1962, 2002) Capitalism and Freedom. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
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  • Grunig J E and Huang Y (2000) From Organizational Effectiveness to Relationship Indicators: Antecedents of Relationships, Public Relations Strategies, and Relationship Outcomes, J Ledingham and S Bruning (eds.), Public Relations as a Relationship Management: A Relational Approach to the Study and Practice of Public Relations, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, 23-53.
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HALKA DOĞRU MU YOKSA ŞİRKET-DEVLETLEŞMEYE DOĞRU MU

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 154 - 186, 01.01.2015

Öz

Halkla İlişkiler (Hİ) disiplininin tanım ve rolünün ne olduğu konusu üzerinde tartışmalar sürmektedir. Fakat Hİ'in teorileştirilmesinde Grunig'in geliştirdiği Excellence Teorisi'nin önemli etkileri olduğu kabul edilir. Teori, halkla ilişkileri; organizasyon ile hedef kitleleri arasında; karşılıklı yarara dayalı ilişkiler kurmak ve idame ettirmek amacıyla çift-yönlü simetrik iletişim modelinin uygulanması gerektiği bir süreç olarak teorileştirir. Yani teori, halkla ilişkilerin faaliyet alanını; organizasyonlar ve onların hedef kitleleri olarak sınırlandırmaktadır. Öte yandan Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (KSS) yaklaşımının, bu sınırları aşmaya çalıştığı ve toplumların çıkarlarını; kar-amaçlı kuruluşlar ve onların hedef kitlelerinin çıkarları üzerine öncelikli kılmaya çalıştığı savunulur. Fakat acaba bu gerçekten böyle midir? KSS ve üzerine dayandırılmaya çalışıldığı Stakeholder Teorisi (Paydaş Teorisi) gerçekten özgeci ve halkçı mıdırlar? Yoksa Stakeholder Teorisi de Excellence Teorisi kadar kapitalist bir teori midir? Literatür incelemesi neticesinde varılan netice ilginçtir. KSS'nin toplumlara doğru mu yoksa şirket-devletleştirmeye doğru mu giden bir şey olup olmadığı net değildir. Özetle halkla ilişkilerde Grunigci yaklaşımın takip edilmesinin kapitalist ekonomi-politiğinin sürdüğü bu mevcut ahval içinde daha uygun olacağına kanaat getirildi. 

 

Kaynakça

  • Alvesson M and Willmott H (2003) Studying Management Critically, Sage, London.
  • Banks S D (1995) Multicultural Public Relations, A Socio-interpretive Approach, Sage,Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Botan C H and Hazleton V Jr (2006) Public Relations Theory II, Botan C H and Hazleton V.Jr (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, London.
  • Botan C H and Taylor M (2004) Public Relations: State of the Field, Journal of Communications, 54(4), 645- 661.
  • Broom G M, Casey S and Ritchey J (2000) Concept and Theory of Organisation Public Relations, J A Ledingham and S D Bruning (eds.), Public Relations as Relationship Management, Lawrence, London, 3-23.
  • Berger B K (2005) Power Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism, Journal of Public Relations Research,17(1),5- 28.
  • Bakan J (2004) The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, Constable, London.
  • Bowen H R (1953) Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper & Row, New York.
  • Branco M C and Rodrigues L L (2007) Positioning Stakeholder Theory within the Debate on Corporate Social Responsibility, Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 12(1), 5- 15.
  • Blair M (1995) Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty- First Century, The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C.
  • Carroll A B (1991) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, Business Horizons, 34(4), 39- 48.
  • Carroll A B (1999) Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct, Business and Society, 38(3), 268- 295.
  • Carroll A B and Buchholtz A K (2000). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (4.ed), South-Western College Publishing, Australia.
  • Carroll A B and Shabana K M (2010) The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice, International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85- 105.
  • Cutlip S M and Center A H (1952) Effective Public Relations, Prentice Hall, New York.
  • Cutlip S M, Center A H and Broom G M (2000) Effective Public Relations (8.ed), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Commission of the European Communities (2006) Implementing the Partnership for Growth and Jobs: Making Europe a Pole of Excellence on Corporate Social Responsibility,http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006: 0136:FIN:en:PDF, erişim tarihi: 28.06. 2014.
  • Dozier M D and Ehling P W (1992) Evaluation of Public Relations Programs. What the Literature Tells us About Their Effects, J. E. Grunig ve D. M. Dozier (eds.), Excellence In Public Relations, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , Mahwah, NJ., 159–184.
  • Driscoll C and Starik M (2004) The Primordial Stakeholder: Advancing the Conceptual Consideration of Stakeholder Status for the Natural Environment, Journal of Business Ethics, 49(1), 55- 73.
  • Driscoll C and Crombie A (2001) Stakeholder Legitimacy Management and the Qualified Good Neighbor: The Case of Nova Nada and JDI, Business and Society, 40( 4), 442–471.
  • Donaldson T and Preston L (1995) The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications, The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65- 91.
  • Donaldson T (1999) Response: Making Stakeholder Theory Whole. The Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 237- 241.
  • Dunne S B (2007) On the Question of Corporate Social Responsibility, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, University of Leicester, www.critical management.org/.../DUNNE5094...’den, erişim tarihi: 23. 06. 2014.
  • Davis G F and Cobb J A (2009) Resource Dependence Theory: Past and Future, www.iqrapsh.edu.pk/.../Resource%20Depende... erişim tarihi: 26. 06. 2014.
  • Darwall S (1998) Philosophical Ethics, Westview, Colorado.
  • Den Uyl D J (1984) The New Crusaders: The Corporate Social Responsibility Debate. Bowling Green, Bowling Green State University, Ohio.
  • Edwards L (2006) Rethinking Power in Public Relations, Public Relations Review, 32(3), 229- 231.
  • Edwards L (2009) Public Relations Theories: An Overview, R Tench and L Yeomans (eds.), Exploring Public Relations (2.ed.), Pearson, London, 150-169.
  • Etzioni A (1998) A Communitarian Note on Stakeholder Theory, Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(4), 679- 691.
  • Evan W M and Freeman R E (1988) A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation: Kantian Capitalism, T L Beauchamp and N E Bowie (eds.), Ethical Theory and Business, (3. ed.) Cliffs, Englewood, 97–106.
  • Elias A A, Cavana R Y and Jackson L S (2002). Stakeholder Analysis for R&D Project Management, R&D Management, 34(2), 301–310.
  • Frederick W (1994) From CSR1 to CSR2, Business and Society, 33(2),150-164.
  • Freeman R (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, London.
  • Freeman R (1994) The Politics of Stakeholder Theory: Some Future Directions, Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4): 409-421.
  • Freeman R (2008). Ending the So-Called “Friedman-Freeman” Debate. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2), 153-190.
  • Freeman R and Phillips R (1999) Business Ethics: Pragmatism and Postmodernism, Frederick R (ed), A Companion to Business Ethics, Maldon Mass, Blackwell, 128-138.
  • Freeman R and Evan W (1990) Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder İnterpretation, Journal of Behavioural Economics, 19(4), 337- 360.
  • Freeman R, Wicks A and Parmar B (2004) Stakeholder Theory and The Corporate Objective Revisited, Organization Science, 15(3), 364-369.
  • Freeman R, Harrison J and Wicks A (2007) Managing for Stakeholders: Survival, Reputation, and Success. Yale University Press, London.
  • Freeman R and Phillips R (2002) Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defence, Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(3), 331-349.
  • Freeman R and McVea J (2001) A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management, Hitt M, Harrison J and Freeman R (eds.), Handbook of Strategic Management, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 189-207.
  • Friedman M (1962, 2002) Capitalism and Freedom. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
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  • Küçükyalçın E (2006) Küreselleşme Sürecinde Ulus Devlet: Kurumsal Sosyal So- rumluluk Örneğinde Durum Analizi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mar- mara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Kaler J (2003) Differentiating Stakeholder Theories, Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 71- 83.
  • Kaler J (2006) Evaluating Stakeholder Theory, Journal of Business Ethics, 69(3), 249- 268.
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  • Lubbe B (1994) The Nature of Public Relations, B Lubbe and G Puth (eds), Public Relations in South Africa: A Management Reader, Buttenvorth, Durban, pp l- 16. L’Etang J and Pieczka M (eds.) (1996) Critical Perspectives in Public Relations International Thomson Business, London.
  • L’Etang J (1996) Corporate Responsibility and Public Relations Ethics, J L’Etang and M.Pieczka (eds.), Critical Parspectives in Public Relations, Thomson Business Press, London, 82-105.
  • Locke J (1689/1988) Two Treatises of Government, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Moloney K (2006) Re-thinking Public Relations: PR Propaganda and Democracy (2.ed), Routledge, New York.
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  • Mertens K M E (2013) Milton Friedman and Social Responsibility: An Ethical Defense of the Stockholder Theory, Unpublished Master Thesis, The University of Oslo, https://www.duo.uio.no/.../Mertens_Filsosofi_... erişim tarihi: 23.06.2014. Marcoux A M (2000) Business Ethics Gone Wrong, Cato Policy Report, 22(3), 10- 14.
  • Marcoux A M (2003) A Fiduciary Argument Against Stakeholder Theory, Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(1), 1-24.
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  • Smith A (1776/1970) The Wealth of Nations: Books I-III. Penguin Books, London. Sheehy B (2003) Scrooge- The Reluctant Stakeholder: Theoretical Problems in the Shareholder-Stakeholder Debate, aw.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article... erişim tarihi: 26.06.1014
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Toplam 120 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tolga Kılıç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, T. (2015). HALKA DOĞRU MU YOKSA ŞİRKET-DEVLETLEŞMEYE DOĞRU MU. Selçuk İletişim, 8(4), 154-186. https://doi.org/10.18094/si.39049