The Effect of Environmental Factors on Heavy Metal and Mineral Compositions of Raw Milk and Water Samples

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 0 - 0, 29.11.2016

Binnur Kaptan Ertuğrul Bilgücü İbrahim Palabıyık Ömer Öksüz

Öz

In this research, the concentrations of essential metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Co), toxic metals (Cd, Pb) and some minerals (Al, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Mg) were determined in raw cow's milk and water samples collected from 3 different regions at 3 different periods (November-December, February-March and April-May). The regions are from those areas that are close to heavy industry plants (Yeniçiftlik), food producing plants (Gümüşçay) and highways (Şakirbey) in BigacountyofÇanakkaleprovince,Turkey. Metals and mineral contents of the samples were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

This study showed that heavy metal concentrations in the two most important liquid nutrition were found to differ from region to region due to environmental factors such as rainfall and industrialization. However, for mineral concentrations in the water and milk samples, no change was observed according to regional pollution parameters. 

Kaynakça

• Alloway, B. and D. Ayres, 1993. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution (First ed), Chapman and Hall, London, 281
• ATSDR, 2007. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Department of Health and Humans Services Public Health Humans Services, Centers for Diseases Control, Atlanta.
• ATSDR, 2012. Toxicological profile for Cadmium. Department of Health and Humans Services Public Health Humans Services, Centers for Diseases Control, Atlanta.
• Ayar, A., D. Sert and N. Akın, 2009. The trace metal levels in milk and dairy products consumed in middle Anatolia—Turkey. Environ. Monit. and Assess. 152(1-4): 1-12
• Basta, N.T., J.A. Ryan and R.L. Chaney, 2005. Trace element chemistry in residual-treated soil: key concepts and metal bioavailability. J. Environ Qual. 34(1): 49-63
• Carl, M. 1991. Heavy metals and other trace elements, International Dairy Federation, Brussels, 112-119
• Cashman, K.D. 2006. Milk minerals (including trace elements) and bone health. Int. Dairy J. 16(11): 1389-1398
• Citek, J., V. Rehout, F. Hajic, K. Kosvanec and M. Soch, 1994. Seasonal variation in levels of microelements in cow milk. Zootechmicka Kada 11(49-60)
• Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2003. Report of the 35th session of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants Arusha, Tanzania.
• Coni, E, A. Bocca, D. Ianni and S. Caroli, 1995. Preliminary evaluation of the factors influencing the trace element content of milk and dairy products. Food Chem. 52(2): 123-130
• EFSA, 2009a. Scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain on a equest from the European Commission on cadmium in food. The EFSA Journal, 980, 1-139.
• EFSA, 2009b. Scientific Opinion on the use of cobalt compounds as additives in animal nutrition, EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Parma, Italy. The EFSA Journal 7(12): 1383
• FAO/WHO, 1999. Expert Committee on Food Additives Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.Forty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives WHO Technical Report, Rome.
• FAO/WHO, 2000. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants expert committee on food additives. FAO. WHO organization. Food Additives Series. 44.
• IDF, 1979. International Dairy Federation Metal contamination in milk and milk products. International Dairy Federation Bulletin.
• Jarrett, D. 1979. A review of the important trace elements in dairy review products. Aust J Dairy Technol 34: 28-34
• Johansen, A.G., G.E. Vegarud and S. Skeie, 2002. Seasonal and regional variation in the composition of whey from Norwegian Cheddar-type and Dutch-type cheeses. Int. Dairy J. 12(7): 621-629
• Lant, A., G. Lomolino, M. Cagnin and P. Spettoli, 2006. Content and characterisation of minerals in milk and in Crescenza and Squacquerone Italian fresh cheeses by ICP-OES. Food Control 17(3): 229-233
• Licata, P., D. Trombetta, M. Cristani and F. Giofrè, D. Martino, M. Calo and F. Naccari, 2004. Levels of “toxic” and “essential” metals in samples of bovine milk from various dairy farms in Calabria, Italy. Environ Int, 30(1): 1-6
• Maas, S., E. Lucot, F. Gimbert and N. Crini, 2011. Trace metals in raw cows’ milk and assessment of transfer to Comté cheese. Food Chem. 129(1): 7-12
• Ogabiela, E., U. Udiba, O. Adesina, C. Hammuel, F.A. Ade-Ajayi, G. Yebpella, U. Mmereole and M. Abdullahi, 2011. Assessment of Metal Levels in Fresh Milk from Cows Grazed around Challawa Industrial Estate of Kano, Nigeria J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res 1(7): 533-538
• Qin, L.Q., X.P.Wang, W. Li, X. Tong and W.J. Tong, 2009. The minerals and heavy metals in cow`s milk from China and Japan. J. Health Sci., 55(300-305)
• Şimşek, O., R. Gültekin, O. Oksüz and S. Kurultay, 2000. The effect of environmental pollution on the heavy metal content of raw milk. Food / Nahrung 44(5): 360-363
• Soares, V., M.M.M. Kus, A. Peixoto, J. Carrocci, R. Salazar and H. Izário Filho, 2010. Determination of nutritional and toxic elements in pasteurized bovine milk from Vale do Paraiba region (Brazil). Food Control 21(1): 45-49
• Staniskiene, B. and D. Garaleviciene, 2004. The amount of heavy metals in fish meat and bones. Veterinery Zootech. Kaunas 26: 46-52
• Temurci, U.H. and A. Güner, 2006. Ankara’da tüketime sunulan süt ve beyaz peynirde ağır metal kontaminasyonu. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bilimleri Derg 1(1-2): 20-28
• Tokar, E.J., L. Benbrahim-Tallaa and M.P. Waalkes, 2011. Metal ions in human cancer development. Met. Ions Life Sci. 8: 375-401
• Tripathi, R.M., R. Raghunath, V.N. Sastry and T.M. Krishnamoorthy, 1999. Daily intake of heavy metals by infants through milk and milk products. Sci. Total Environ. 227(2–3): 229-235
• Underwood, E.J. 1977. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. New York : Academic Press
• Wuana, R.A. and F.E. Okieimen, 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. ISRN Ecology 2011: 20