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BIOMONITORING OF HEAVY METALS DEPOSITION WITHPSEUDEVERNIA FURFURACEA(L.) ZOPF IN ÇORUM CITY, TURKEY

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 9 - 22, 31.01.2018

Öz

Heavy metal air pollution is an important environmental problem. One of
the methods used to monitor pollution in air is the method of transplanting
lichen samples by the "bag technique". In this study, Pseudevernia furfuracea was used as a
bioindicator to determine the heavy metal level in the air of Çorum and to
generate an air pollution map of the city. The lichen samples were collected
from the Yapraklı Mountains in Çankırı in 2002 and transplanted to 8 different
stations in Çorum. Lichen samples were retrieved at two different periods in
three month intervals. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry (Varian
Liberty ICP-OES Sequential) was used to identify the heavy metals, such as
copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and
zinc (Zn)
in the lichen samples. The chlorophyll a and b contents were determined
by using the modified DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) method. With these values
chlorophyll a+b, a/b and b/a were also calculated. According to the results of
the heavy metal analysis by the use of P.
furfuracea, air pollution levels in Çorum was detected. The reasons of
pollution can be stated as heavy traffic, industrial activities and heating
processes in the city. P. furfuracea
can be used as a bioindicator for pollution studies. 

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES ABDUNNASIR, Y., GÜMGÜN, B., AKBA, O., 1994, Dicle Nehri Yöresindeki Mantarlarda Ağır Element Tayinleri, Ekoloji, 10:37-39. ADAMO, P., GIORDANO, S., VINGIANI, S., CASTALDO COBIANCHI, R., VIOLANTE, P., 2003, Trace element accumulation by moss and lichen exposed in bags in the city of Naples (Italy), Environmental Pollution, 122: 91-103. AKMAN, Y., 1999, İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metodları ve Türkiye İklimleri), Kariyer Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., İskitler, Ankara. ANONYMOUS, 2000, DIE (Turkish Statistical Institute), http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus/02012002T3.jpg, Retrieved: 20.04.2003. ANONYMOUS, 2003, Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik İstatistik Yıllığı (Statistical Almanac of Traffic), İdari ve Mali İşler Daire Başkanlığı, Basımevi Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye. ANONYMOUS, 2008, Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (Turkish State Meteorological Service), Çorum İli Meteorolojik Verileri (1970 - 2008). BACKOR, M., PAULIKOVA, K., GERALSKA, A., DAVIDSON, R., 2003, Monitoring of air pollution in Kosice (eastern Slovakia) using lichens, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2: 141-150. BARGAGLI, R., 1998, “Trace Elements in Terrestrial Plants” in An Ecophysiological Approach to Biomonitoring and Biorecovery, Springer, Berlin, Germany. BARGAGLI, R., MIKHAILOVA, I., 2002, Accumulation of inorganic contaminants, Monitoring with Lichens, Monitoring Lichens, 65–84. Nimis PL, Scheidegger C, Wolseley PA (Eds), The Netherlands: Kluwer Acad. Publishers. BARNES, J.D., BALAGUER, L., MANRIQUE, E., ELVIRA, S., DAVISON, A.W., 1992, A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32: 85- 100. BEEKLEY, P.K., HOFFMAN, G.R., 1981, Effects of sulphur dioxide fumigation on photosynthesis, respiration, and chlorophyll content of selected lichens, Bryologist, 84: 379-390. BROWN, D.H., 1984, Uptake of mineral elements and their use in pollution monitoring 229-255, In: Dyer, AF, Duckett JG (Eds.), The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes, Academic Press, New York. CONTI, M.E., CECCHETTI, G., 2001, Biological monitoring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment a review, Environmental Pollution, 114: 471-492. ÇAYIR, A., COŞKUN, M., COŞKUN, M., 2008, Çanakkale Çevresinde Toplanan Biyoindikatör Organizma Cladonia rangiformis’de Bazı Element Konsantrasyonları, Ekoloji, 18 (69): 7-13. GARTY, J., KARARY, Y., HAREL, J., 1993, The impact of air pollution on the integrity of cell membranes and chlorophyll in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De not.) Bagl. transplanted to industrial sites in Israel, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 24: 455-460. GARTY, J., RONAN, R., GALEN, M., 1985, Correlation between chlorophyll degradation and the amount of some elements in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.). Jatta., Environmental and Experimental Botany, 25: 67-74, doi:10.1016/0098-8472(85)90049-8. GODZIK, S., LINSKENS, H.F., 1974, Concentration changes of free amino acid in primary bean leaves after continuous and interrupted SO2 fumigation and recovery, Environmental Pollution, 7: 25-38. GOODMAN, G.T., ROBERTS, T.M., 1971, Plants and soils as indicators of metal in the air, Nature, 231: 287-292. HALICI, M.G., AKSOY, A., DEMIREZEN, D., 2005, Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy liken türü kullanılarak Erciyes Dağı ve çevresindeki ağır metal kirliliğinin ölçülmesi, I. Ulusal Erciyes Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 23-25 Ekim 2003, Erciyes/Kayseri, 456-461. HENDERSON, A., 1994, Literature on air pollution and lichens, Lichenologist, 26(2): 193-203. KARADEMİR, M., TOKER, M.C., 1998, Ankara’nın Bazı Kavşaklarında Yetişen Çim Bitkilerinde Egzoz Gazlarından Gelen Kurşun Birikimi, Ekoloji, 7 (26): 9-12. MARKERT, B., 1993, Plants as Biomonitors, Indicators for Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environments, VCH Publishers, Weinheim. NIMIS, P.L., 1996, Radiocesium uptake and cycling by cryptogams in natural ecosystems 279-289. In: Giovani C, Padovani R, (Eds.). Atti 3-9 ANPA 1996, Conv. 10 Anni da Chernobyl, Roma. PEARSON, L.C., SKYE, E., 1965, Air pollution effects pattern of photosynthesis in Parmelia sulcata, a corticolous lichen, Science, 148: 1600-1602. PUCKETT, K.J., RICHARDSON, D.H.S., FLORA, W.P., NIEBOER, E., 1974, Photosynthetic 14C fixation by the lichen Umbilicaria muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. following short exposures to aqueous sulphur dioxide, New Phytologist, 73: 1183-1192. RA, H.S.Y., GEISER, L.H., CRANG, R.F.E., 2005, Effects of season and low-level air pollution on physiology and element content of lichens from the U.S. Pacific Northwest., Science of the Total Environment, 343: 155-167, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.003. RICHARDSON, D.H.S., 1992, Pollution Monitoring with Lichens (Naturalist’s Handbooks Series), Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd, Slough. SCHMIDT-GROB, I., THONI, L., HERTZ, J., 1992, Bestimmung der Deposition von Luftschadstoffen in der Schweiz mit Moosanalysen, Bundesanstalt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) (Eds.), Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 194. TYLER, G., 1990, Bryophyte and Heavy Metals: A Literature Review, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 104: 231-253. YILDIZ. A., AKSOY, A., AKBULUT, G., DEMIREZEN, D., İSLEK, C., ALTUNER, E.M., DUMAN, F., 2011, Correlation Between Chloropphyll Degradation and the Amount of Heavy Metals Found in Pseudevernia furfuracea in Kayseri (Turkey), Ekoloji, 20 (78):82-88, doi:10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7813. YILDIZ, A., AKSOY, A., TUĞ, G.N., İSLEK, C., DEMIREZEN, D., 2008, Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Ankara (Turkey), Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 60:71-81.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 9 - 22, 31.01.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES ABDUNNASIR, Y., GÜMGÜN, B., AKBA, O., 1994, Dicle Nehri Yöresindeki Mantarlarda Ağır Element Tayinleri, Ekoloji, 10:37-39. ADAMO, P., GIORDANO, S., VINGIANI, S., CASTALDO COBIANCHI, R., VIOLANTE, P., 2003, Trace element accumulation by moss and lichen exposed in bags in the city of Naples (Italy), Environmental Pollution, 122: 91-103. AKMAN, Y., 1999, İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metodları ve Türkiye İklimleri), Kariyer Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., İskitler, Ankara. ANONYMOUS, 2000, DIE (Turkish Statistical Institute), http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus/02012002T3.jpg, Retrieved: 20.04.2003. ANONYMOUS, 2003, Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik İstatistik Yıllığı (Statistical Almanac of Traffic), İdari ve Mali İşler Daire Başkanlığı, Basımevi Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye. ANONYMOUS, 2008, Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (Turkish State Meteorological Service), Çorum İli Meteorolojik Verileri (1970 - 2008). BACKOR, M., PAULIKOVA, K., GERALSKA, A., DAVIDSON, R., 2003, Monitoring of air pollution in Kosice (eastern Slovakia) using lichens, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2: 141-150. BARGAGLI, R., 1998, “Trace Elements in Terrestrial Plants” in An Ecophysiological Approach to Biomonitoring and Biorecovery, Springer, Berlin, Germany. BARGAGLI, R., MIKHAILOVA, I., 2002, Accumulation of inorganic contaminants, Monitoring with Lichens, Monitoring Lichens, 65–84. Nimis PL, Scheidegger C, Wolseley PA (Eds), The Netherlands: Kluwer Acad. Publishers. BARNES, J.D., BALAGUER, L., MANRIQUE, E., ELVIRA, S., DAVISON, A.W., 1992, A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32: 85- 100. BEEKLEY, P.K., HOFFMAN, G.R., 1981, Effects of sulphur dioxide fumigation on photosynthesis, respiration, and chlorophyll content of selected lichens, Bryologist, 84: 379-390. BROWN, D.H., 1984, Uptake of mineral elements and their use in pollution monitoring 229-255, In: Dyer, AF, Duckett JG (Eds.), The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes, Academic Press, New York. CONTI, M.E., CECCHETTI, G., 2001, Biological monitoring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment a review, Environmental Pollution, 114: 471-492. ÇAYIR, A., COŞKUN, M., COŞKUN, M., 2008, Çanakkale Çevresinde Toplanan Biyoindikatör Organizma Cladonia rangiformis’de Bazı Element Konsantrasyonları, Ekoloji, 18 (69): 7-13. GARTY, J., KARARY, Y., HAREL, J., 1993, The impact of air pollution on the integrity of cell membranes and chlorophyll in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De not.) Bagl. transplanted to industrial sites in Israel, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 24: 455-460. GARTY, J., RONAN, R., GALEN, M., 1985, Correlation between chlorophyll degradation and the amount of some elements in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.). Jatta., Environmental and Experimental Botany, 25: 67-74, doi:10.1016/0098-8472(85)90049-8. GODZIK, S., LINSKENS, H.F., 1974, Concentration changes of free amino acid in primary bean leaves after continuous and interrupted SO2 fumigation and recovery, Environmental Pollution, 7: 25-38. GOODMAN, G.T., ROBERTS, T.M., 1971, Plants and soils as indicators of metal in the air, Nature, 231: 287-292. HALICI, M.G., AKSOY, A., DEMIREZEN, D., 2005, Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy liken türü kullanılarak Erciyes Dağı ve çevresindeki ağır metal kirliliğinin ölçülmesi, I. Ulusal Erciyes Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 23-25 Ekim 2003, Erciyes/Kayseri, 456-461. HENDERSON, A., 1994, Literature on air pollution and lichens, Lichenologist, 26(2): 193-203. KARADEMİR, M., TOKER, M.C., 1998, Ankara’nın Bazı Kavşaklarında Yetişen Çim Bitkilerinde Egzoz Gazlarından Gelen Kurşun Birikimi, Ekoloji, 7 (26): 9-12. MARKERT, B., 1993, Plants as Biomonitors, Indicators for Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environments, VCH Publishers, Weinheim. NIMIS, P.L., 1996, Radiocesium uptake and cycling by cryptogams in natural ecosystems 279-289. In: Giovani C, Padovani R, (Eds.). Atti 3-9 ANPA 1996, Conv. 10 Anni da Chernobyl, Roma. PEARSON, L.C., SKYE, E., 1965, Air pollution effects pattern of photosynthesis in Parmelia sulcata, a corticolous lichen, Science, 148: 1600-1602. PUCKETT, K.J., RICHARDSON, D.H.S., FLORA, W.P., NIEBOER, E., 1974, Photosynthetic 14C fixation by the lichen Umbilicaria muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. following short exposures to aqueous sulphur dioxide, New Phytologist, 73: 1183-1192. RA, H.S.Y., GEISER, L.H., CRANG, R.F.E., 2005, Effects of season and low-level air pollution on physiology and element content of lichens from the U.S. Pacific Northwest., Science of the Total Environment, 343: 155-167, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.003. RICHARDSON, D.H.S., 1992, Pollution Monitoring with Lichens (Naturalist’s Handbooks Series), Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd, Slough. SCHMIDT-GROB, I., THONI, L., HERTZ, J., 1992, Bestimmung der Deposition von Luftschadstoffen in der Schweiz mit Moosanalysen, Bundesanstalt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) (Eds.), Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 194. TYLER, G., 1990, Bryophyte and Heavy Metals: A Literature Review, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 104: 231-253. YILDIZ. A., AKSOY, A., AKBULUT, G., DEMIREZEN, D., İSLEK, C., ALTUNER, E.M., DUMAN, F., 2011, Correlation Between Chloropphyll Degradation and the Amount of Heavy Metals Found in Pseudevernia furfuracea in Kayseri (Turkey), Ekoloji, 20 (78):82-88, doi:10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7813. YILDIZ, A., AKSOY, A., TUĞ, G.N., İSLEK, C., DEMIREZEN, D., 2008, Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Ankara (Turkey), Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 60:71-81.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Atila Yıldız

Çiğdem Vardar Bu kişi benim

Ahmet Aksoy

Ediz Ünal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, A., Vardar, Ç., Aksoy, A., Ünal, E. (2018). BIOMONITORING OF HEAVY METALS DEPOSITION WITHPSEUDEVERNIA FURFURACEA(L.) ZOPF IN ÇORUM CITY, TURKEY. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 2(1), 9-22.