BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 25 - 42, 02.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.279177

Öz

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Almeida, M. V. de (2011). The Development of Social Tourism in Brazil. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 483-489.
  • Aziz, A. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Teknikleri. Improved 6th Ed., Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Baumgartner, C. (2011). Social Tourism and Sustainability. Social Tourism in Europe, Theory and Practice. (pp. 166-177). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • Belanger, C.E. and Jolin, L. (2011). The International Organisation of Social Tourism (ISTO) Working Towards a Right to Holidays and Tourism for All. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 475-482.
  • Bergier, B., Bergier, J. and Kubinska, Z. (2010). Environmental Determinants of Participation in Tourism and Recreation of People with Varying Degrees of Disability. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 73, 17-18.
  • Bıçkı, D., Ak, D. and Özgökçeler, S. (2013). Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Turizm. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. 31, 49-73.
  • Boksberger, P. E. and Laesser, C. (2009). Segmentation of the Senior Travel Market by the Means of Travel Motivations. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 15(4), 311-322.
  • Calypso, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/calypso/index_en.htm, (06.08.2014).
  • Carbone, M., (2005). Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviation, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues. The European Journal of Development Research. 17(3), 559- 565.
  • Carneiro, M.J., Eusébio, C., Kastenholz, E. and Alveros, H. (2013). Motivations to Participate in Social Tourism Programmes: A Segmentetion Analysis of the Senior Market. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research. 24(3), 352-366.
  • Chauvin, J. (2002). Le Tourisme Social et Associatif en France. Paris: l'Harmattan.
  • Chok, S., Macbeth, J. and Warren, C. (2007). Tourism as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation: A Critical Analysis of ‘Pro-Poor Tourism’ and Implications for Sustainability. Current Issues in Tourism. 10 (2-3), 144-165.
  • Clifton, J. and Benson, A. (2006). Planning for Sustainable Ecotourism: The Case for Research Ecotourism in Developing Country Destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 14(3), 238- 254.
  • Delisle, M. and Jolin, L. (2007). Un Autre Tourisme Est-il Possible? : Ethique, Acteurs, Concepts, Contraintes. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Quebec.
  • Diekmann, A., Duquesne, A.M., Maulet, G. and De Nicolo, B. (2009). Employment in the European Social Tourism Sector. Brussels: Report for EFFAT and BITS, LIToTeS (ULB).
  • Dolnicar, S., Yanamandram, V. and Cliff, K. (2012). The Contribution of Vacations to Quality of Life. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(1), 59-83.
  • EESC (European Economics and Social Committee). (2006). Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on Social Tourism in Europe, Barcelona Declaration, INT/312, Social Tourism in Europe, Brussels.
  • ENAT. http://www.accessibletourism.org/, (11.06.2014).
  • Ferri, M., Durá, E. and Garcés, J. (2013). Functional Health Benefits for Elderly People Related to Social Tourism Policy Promotion. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Social Sciences. 1, 1-8.
  • Garcés Ferrer, J., Ferri Sanz, M., Durá Ferrandis, E., McCabe, S. and Sanchez Garcia, J. (2015). Social Tourism and Healthy Ageing. International Journal of Tourism Research. DOI: 10.1002/jtr.2048.
  • Gilbert, D. and Abdullah, J. (2004). Holiday Taking and the Sense of Well-being. Annals of Tourism Research. 31(1), 103-121.
  • Griffin, K. and Stacey, J. (2011). Towards a ‘Tourism for All’ Policy for Ireland: Achieving Real Sustainability in Irish Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 431-444.
  • Gump, B. B. and Matthews, K. A. (2000). Are Vacations Good for Your Health? The 9-Year Mortality Experience After the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Psychosomatic Medicine. 64, 608-612.
  • Hall, C. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall.
  • Hardy, A., Beeton, R. and Pearson, L. (2002). Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and Its Position in Relation to the Conceptualisations of Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 10(6), 475-496.
  • Haulot, A. (1982). Social Tourism, Current Dimensions of Future Developments. Journal of Travel Research. 20(3), 207-212.
  • Haulot, A. (1985). The Environment and Social Value of Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Studies. 25, 219-223.
  • Hazel, N. (2005). Holidays for Children and Families in Need: An Exploration of the Research and Policy Context for Social Tourism in the UK. Children&Society. 19, 225-236.
  • Holsti, O.R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. USA: Reading, Addison - Vestley.
  • Horneman, L., Carter, R. W., Wei, S. and Ruys, H. (2002). Profiling the Senior Traveler: An Australian Perspective. Journal of Travel Research. 41(1), 23-37.
  • Hunter-Jones, P. (2011). The Role of Charities in Social Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 445-458.
  • ISTO 2014-2016 Action Plan. http://www.oits-isto.org/oits/files/resources/326.pdf, (16.06.2016)
  • Jafari, J. (2001). The Scientification of Tourism. V. Smith & M. Brent (Eds.), Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century. (pp. 211-220). New York: Cognizant.
  • Jolin, L. (2003). Le Tourisme Social, un Concept Riche de ses Evolutions, Le Tourisme Social dans le Monde. Teoros. 141, (Presse spécial pour 40ième anniversaire, i-xxi).
  • Kakoudakis, K. (2014). Effects of Social Tourism on Unemployed Individuals’ Self-Efficacy and Job- Search Behaviour. (Phd Thesis). University of Nottingham.
  • Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a Tourism Sustainability Assessment Procedure: A Conceptual Approach. Tourism Management. 26, 431-445.
  • Komppula, R. and Ilves, R. (2013). Well Being Tourism Experience in a Social Tourism Context. 63rd AIEST Conference, 2013, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Konu, H. and Komppula, R. (2012). Do Wellbeing Tourists Expect Memorable Experiences? 6 th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure, (pp. 462-474), Fethiye, TURKEY.
  • Kozak, M. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım-Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Krippendorf, K. (1984). Content Analysis (An Introduction to Its Methodology). 4th Edition. Beverly Hills: The Sage Comtext Series, Saga Publications.
  • Lane, B. (1994). What is Rural Tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Special Issue: Rural Tourism and Sustainable Rural Development. 2(1-2), 7-21.
  • Lanquar, R. and Raynouard, Y. (1978). Le Tourisme Social, Que sais-je? First Edition. France: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 11(6), 459-475.
  • McCabe, S., Minnaert, L. and Diekmann, A. (2011). Social Tourism in Europe, Theory and Practice. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • McCabe, S. (2009). Who Needs a Holiday? Evaluating Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 36(4), 667-688.
  • McCabe, S. and Diekmann, A. (2015). The Rights to Tourism: Reflections on Social Tourism and Human Rights. Tourism Recreation Research. 40(2), 194-204.
  • McCabe, S. and Johnson, S. (2013). The Happiness Factor in Tourism: Subjective Well-Being and Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 41, 42-65.
  • McCabe, S., Joldersma, T. and Li, C. (2010). Understanding the Benefits of Social Tourism: Linking Participation to Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life. International Journal of Tourism Research. 12, 761-773.
  • Medina, L. K. (2005). Ecotourism and Certification: Confronting the Principles and Pragmatics of Socially Responsible Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 13(3), 281-295.
  • Minnaert, L. (2012). FETE Research Report, First European Travel Exprerience, Design, Implementation, Evaluation. University of Surrey, http://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/publicaties/detail/fete-research-report, (15.08.2014).
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2013). Social Tourism, Perspectives and Potential. Routledge.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2007). Social Tourism and its Ethical Foundations. Tourism Culture & Communication. 7, 7-17.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2009a). Tourism and Social Policy, The Value of Social Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 36(2), 316-334.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2009b). Social Tourism as a Potential Mesure to Reduce Social Exclusion. Annals of Tourism Research. 36(2), 316-334.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2011). What is Social Tourism? Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5)(July), 403-415.
  • Minnaert, L. and Schapmans, M. (2009). Tourism as a Form of Social Intervention: The Holiday Participation Center in Flanders. Journal of Social Intervention. 18(3), 42-61.
  • OITS (2010). World Congress for Social Tourism in Rimini, "Tourism: It’s Time for Social Policies". Speech of the President of OITS, Norberto Tonini, http://www.oits-isto.org/, (30.08.2014).
  • Okazaki, E. (2008). A Community-Based Tourism Model: Its Conception and Use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(5), 511-529.
  • Quinn, B., Griffin, K. and Stacey, J. (2008). Poverty, Social Exclusion and Holidaying: Towards Developing Policy in Ireland. Poverty Agency Policy Research Initiative Working Paper.
  • Ritchie, J. (2003). The Applications of Qualitative Methods to Social Research. Qualitative Research Practice A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. (pp. 24-46). London: Sage Publications.
  • Smith, M. and Puczko, L. (2009). Health and Wellness Tourism. London, Butterworth- Heinemann.
  • Sonuç, N. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Sosyal Turizm: İzmir Örneği, Phd Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Tourism Management, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Sonuç, N. (2009). Sustainable Development of Tourism in Guadeloupe. 13th International Scientific Meeting “Contemporary Trends in Tourism, Hotel Management and Gastronomy”, October 2009, Novi Sad, Serbia.
  • Snape, D. and Spencer, L. (2003). The Foundations of Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research Practice A Guide for Social Science Students and Researcher. (pp.2-23). London: Sage Publications.
  • STEEP project, http://www.ecalypso.eu/steep/public/about.jsf?id=22, http://www.bits- int.org/en/index.php?menu=75&submenu=151 , (06.08.2014).
  • Stilling, B. and Nicolaisen, J. (2010). Disabled Travel: Not Easy but Doable. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(1), DOI: 10.1080/13683500903370159.
  • Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2007). Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, Ankara. Action Plan 2007-2013, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, ISBN 978-975-17-3260-6, www.kulturturizm.gov.tr, (04.06.2015).
  • Tütüncü, Ö. (2013). Rekreasyon Terapisine Yönelik Bir Proje Önerisi. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 24(1), Bahar, 122-125.
  • UN (United Nations) (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights, http://www.un.org/en/universal- declaration-human-rights/, (05.05.2016).
  • Wikipedia. İzmir Economic Congress. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Economic_Congress, (24.11.2016).
  • WTO (1999). Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, Adopted by Resolution A/RES/406(XIII) at the thirteenth WTO General Assembly, Santiago, Chile, 27 September -1 October 1999, available at http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/global-code-ethics-tourism, http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/full-text-global-code-ethics-tourism (06.06.2015).
  • WTO (2011). Ethics and Social Dimensions of Tourism Full Text of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/full-text-globalcode-ethics-tourism, (25.10.2015).
  • Usta, Ö. (1982). Sosyal Turizm. İzmir: İstiklal Matbaası.
  • Usta, Ö. (2008). Turizm, Genel ve Yapısal Yaklaşım. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UNWTO (2013). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. Contract nr . DCI-MULTI- 2011/280-663.
  • Wall, G. (1997). Is Ecotourism Sustainable? Environmental Management. 21(4), 483-491.
  • Weaver, D. (2006). Issues in Sustainable Tourism. Sustainable Tourism. (pp.18-37). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H., (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 4th Edition. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

A sustainable approach to social tourism development: The case of İzmir city

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 25 - 42, 02.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.279177

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to research social tourism within sustainable tourism approach and to produce proposals for İzmir on this issue. It is pointed out in this study that, nowadays, very diverse practices of social tourism policies in the world have the objective of increasing individual and social wellbeing and quality of life focusing on the social inclusion with more humanistic point of view for the people who can not participate in holidays because of their physical, financial and alike disadvantages. Following the theoretical part comprising the review of the resources about the studies of national and international organizations and the legal principles and implications of social tourism in different countries from the world including Turkey about the social tourism within the sustainable tourism approach; comes the practical part of the research. In this part of the study, the data gathered by semi-structured interviews with the representatives of the institutions concerned with social tourism mentioned in the related part of “Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, Action Plan 2007-2013” is analysed with Nvivo11 qualitative data analysis program and the results and suggestions are inferred with content analysis. Consequently, the study brings a sustainable perspective to social tourism in İzmir, contributes to the literature and brings concrete suggestions that may lead the representatives of the sector for the development of social tourism in İzmir with a sustainable approach.


Kaynakça

  • References
  • Almeida, M. V. de (2011). The Development of Social Tourism in Brazil. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 483-489.
  • Aziz, A. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Teknikleri. Improved 6th Ed., Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Baumgartner, C. (2011). Social Tourism and Sustainability. Social Tourism in Europe, Theory and Practice. (pp. 166-177). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • Belanger, C.E. and Jolin, L. (2011). The International Organisation of Social Tourism (ISTO) Working Towards a Right to Holidays and Tourism for All. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 475-482.
  • Bergier, B., Bergier, J. and Kubinska, Z. (2010). Environmental Determinants of Participation in Tourism and Recreation of People with Varying Degrees of Disability. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 73, 17-18.
  • Bıçkı, D., Ak, D. and Özgökçeler, S. (2013). Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Turizm. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. 31, 49-73.
  • Boksberger, P. E. and Laesser, C. (2009). Segmentation of the Senior Travel Market by the Means of Travel Motivations. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 15(4), 311-322.
  • Calypso, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/calypso/index_en.htm, (06.08.2014).
  • Carbone, M., (2005). Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviation, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues. The European Journal of Development Research. 17(3), 559- 565.
  • Carneiro, M.J., Eusébio, C., Kastenholz, E. and Alveros, H. (2013). Motivations to Participate in Social Tourism Programmes: A Segmentetion Analysis of the Senior Market. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research. 24(3), 352-366.
  • Chauvin, J. (2002). Le Tourisme Social et Associatif en France. Paris: l'Harmattan.
  • Chok, S., Macbeth, J. and Warren, C. (2007). Tourism as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation: A Critical Analysis of ‘Pro-Poor Tourism’ and Implications for Sustainability. Current Issues in Tourism. 10 (2-3), 144-165.
  • Clifton, J. and Benson, A. (2006). Planning for Sustainable Ecotourism: The Case for Research Ecotourism in Developing Country Destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 14(3), 238- 254.
  • Delisle, M. and Jolin, L. (2007). Un Autre Tourisme Est-il Possible? : Ethique, Acteurs, Concepts, Contraintes. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Quebec.
  • Diekmann, A., Duquesne, A.M., Maulet, G. and De Nicolo, B. (2009). Employment in the European Social Tourism Sector. Brussels: Report for EFFAT and BITS, LIToTeS (ULB).
  • Dolnicar, S., Yanamandram, V. and Cliff, K. (2012). The Contribution of Vacations to Quality of Life. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(1), 59-83.
  • EESC (European Economics and Social Committee). (2006). Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on Social Tourism in Europe, Barcelona Declaration, INT/312, Social Tourism in Europe, Brussels.
  • ENAT. http://www.accessibletourism.org/, (11.06.2014).
  • Ferri, M., Durá, E. and Garcés, J. (2013). Functional Health Benefits for Elderly People Related to Social Tourism Policy Promotion. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Social Sciences. 1, 1-8.
  • Garcés Ferrer, J., Ferri Sanz, M., Durá Ferrandis, E., McCabe, S. and Sanchez Garcia, J. (2015). Social Tourism and Healthy Ageing. International Journal of Tourism Research. DOI: 10.1002/jtr.2048.
  • Gilbert, D. and Abdullah, J. (2004). Holiday Taking and the Sense of Well-being. Annals of Tourism Research. 31(1), 103-121.
  • Griffin, K. and Stacey, J. (2011). Towards a ‘Tourism for All’ Policy for Ireland: Achieving Real Sustainability in Irish Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 431-444.
  • Gump, B. B. and Matthews, K. A. (2000). Are Vacations Good for Your Health? The 9-Year Mortality Experience After the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Psychosomatic Medicine. 64, 608-612.
  • Hall, C. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall.
  • Hardy, A., Beeton, R. and Pearson, L. (2002). Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and Its Position in Relation to the Conceptualisations of Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 10(6), 475-496.
  • Haulot, A. (1982). Social Tourism, Current Dimensions of Future Developments. Journal of Travel Research. 20(3), 207-212.
  • Haulot, A. (1985). The Environment and Social Value of Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Studies. 25, 219-223.
  • Hazel, N. (2005). Holidays for Children and Families in Need: An Exploration of the Research and Policy Context for Social Tourism in the UK. Children&Society. 19, 225-236.
  • Holsti, O.R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. USA: Reading, Addison - Vestley.
  • Horneman, L., Carter, R. W., Wei, S. and Ruys, H. (2002). Profiling the Senior Traveler: An Australian Perspective. Journal of Travel Research. 41(1), 23-37.
  • Hunter-Jones, P. (2011). The Role of Charities in Social Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5), 445-458.
  • ISTO 2014-2016 Action Plan. http://www.oits-isto.org/oits/files/resources/326.pdf, (16.06.2016)
  • Jafari, J. (2001). The Scientification of Tourism. V. Smith & M. Brent (Eds.), Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century. (pp. 211-220). New York: Cognizant.
  • Jolin, L. (2003). Le Tourisme Social, un Concept Riche de ses Evolutions, Le Tourisme Social dans le Monde. Teoros. 141, (Presse spécial pour 40ième anniversaire, i-xxi).
  • Kakoudakis, K. (2014). Effects of Social Tourism on Unemployed Individuals’ Self-Efficacy and Job- Search Behaviour. (Phd Thesis). University of Nottingham.
  • Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a Tourism Sustainability Assessment Procedure: A Conceptual Approach. Tourism Management. 26, 431-445.
  • Komppula, R. and Ilves, R. (2013). Well Being Tourism Experience in a Social Tourism Context. 63rd AIEST Conference, 2013, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Konu, H. and Komppula, R. (2012). Do Wellbeing Tourists Expect Memorable Experiences? 6 th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure, (pp. 462-474), Fethiye, TURKEY.
  • Kozak, M. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım-Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Krippendorf, K. (1984). Content Analysis (An Introduction to Its Methodology). 4th Edition. Beverly Hills: The Sage Comtext Series, Saga Publications.
  • Lane, B. (1994). What is Rural Tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Special Issue: Rural Tourism and Sustainable Rural Development. 2(1-2), 7-21.
  • Lanquar, R. and Raynouard, Y. (1978). Le Tourisme Social, Que sais-je? First Edition. France: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 11(6), 459-475.
  • McCabe, S., Minnaert, L. and Diekmann, A. (2011). Social Tourism in Europe, Theory and Practice. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
  • McCabe, S. (2009). Who Needs a Holiday? Evaluating Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 36(4), 667-688.
  • McCabe, S. and Diekmann, A. (2015). The Rights to Tourism: Reflections on Social Tourism and Human Rights. Tourism Recreation Research. 40(2), 194-204.
  • McCabe, S. and Johnson, S. (2013). The Happiness Factor in Tourism: Subjective Well-Being and Social Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 41, 42-65.
  • McCabe, S., Joldersma, T. and Li, C. (2010). Understanding the Benefits of Social Tourism: Linking Participation to Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life. International Journal of Tourism Research. 12, 761-773.
  • Medina, L. K. (2005). Ecotourism and Certification: Confronting the Principles and Pragmatics of Socially Responsible Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 13(3), 281-295.
  • Minnaert, L. (2012). FETE Research Report, First European Travel Exprerience, Design, Implementation, Evaluation. University of Surrey, http://www.vlaanderen.be/nl/publicaties/detail/fete-research-report, (15.08.2014).
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2013). Social Tourism, Perspectives and Potential. Routledge.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2007). Social Tourism and its Ethical Foundations. Tourism Culture & Communication. 7, 7-17.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2009a). Tourism and Social Policy, The Value of Social Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 36(2), 316-334.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2009b). Social Tourism as a Potential Mesure to Reduce Social Exclusion. Annals of Tourism Research. 36(2), 316-334.
  • Minnaert, L., Maitland, R. and Miller, G. (2011). What is Social Tourism? Current Issues in Tourism. 14(5)(July), 403-415.
  • Minnaert, L. and Schapmans, M. (2009). Tourism as a Form of Social Intervention: The Holiday Participation Center in Flanders. Journal of Social Intervention. 18(3), 42-61.
  • OITS (2010). World Congress for Social Tourism in Rimini, "Tourism: It’s Time for Social Policies". Speech of the President of OITS, Norberto Tonini, http://www.oits-isto.org/, (30.08.2014).
  • Okazaki, E. (2008). A Community-Based Tourism Model: Its Conception and Use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(5), 511-529.
  • Quinn, B., Griffin, K. and Stacey, J. (2008). Poverty, Social Exclusion and Holidaying: Towards Developing Policy in Ireland. Poverty Agency Policy Research Initiative Working Paper.
  • Ritchie, J. (2003). The Applications of Qualitative Methods to Social Research. Qualitative Research Practice A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. (pp. 24-46). London: Sage Publications.
  • Smith, M. and Puczko, L. (2009). Health and Wellness Tourism. London, Butterworth- Heinemann.
  • Sonuç, N. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Sosyal Turizm: İzmir Örneği, Phd Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Tourism Management, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Sonuç, N. (2009). Sustainable Development of Tourism in Guadeloupe. 13th International Scientific Meeting “Contemporary Trends in Tourism, Hotel Management and Gastronomy”, October 2009, Novi Sad, Serbia.
  • Snape, D. and Spencer, L. (2003). The Foundations of Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research Practice A Guide for Social Science Students and Researcher. (pp.2-23). London: Sage Publications.
  • STEEP project, http://www.ecalypso.eu/steep/public/about.jsf?id=22, http://www.bits- int.org/en/index.php?menu=75&submenu=151 , (06.08.2014).
  • Stilling, B. and Nicolaisen, J. (2010). Disabled Travel: Not Easy but Doable. Current Issues in Tourism. 14(1), DOI: 10.1080/13683500903370159.
  • Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2007). Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, Ankara. Action Plan 2007-2013, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, ISBN 978-975-17-3260-6, www.kulturturizm.gov.tr, (04.06.2015).
  • Tütüncü, Ö. (2013). Rekreasyon Terapisine Yönelik Bir Proje Önerisi. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi. 24(1), Bahar, 122-125.
  • UN (United Nations) (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights, http://www.un.org/en/universal- declaration-human-rights/, (05.05.2016).
  • Wikipedia. İzmir Economic Congress. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Economic_Congress, (24.11.2016).
  • WTO (1999). Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, Adopted by Resolution A/RES/406(XIII) at the thirteenth WTO General Assembly, Santiago, Chile, 27 September -1 October 1999, available at http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/global-code-ethics-tourism, http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/full-text-global-code-ethics-tourism (06.06.2015).
  • WTO (2011). Ethics and Social Dimensions of Tourism Full Text of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. http://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/full-text-globalcode-ethics-tourism, (25.10.2015).
  • Usta, Ö. (1982). Sosyal Turizm. İzmir: İstiklal Matbaası.
  • Usta, Ö. (2008). Turizm, Genel ve Yapısal Yaklaşım. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UNWTO (2013). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. Contract nr . DCI-MULTI- 2011/280-663.
  • Wall, G. (1997). Is Ecotourism Sustainable? Environmental Management. 21(4), 483-491.
  • Weaver, D. (2006). Issues in Sustainable Tourism. Sustainable Tourism. (pp.18-37). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H., (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 4th Edition. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nil Sonuç

Saime Oral Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sonuç, N., & Oral, S. (2017). A sustainable approach to social tourism development: The case of İzmir city. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 3(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.279177