Eğitim Kurumlarının Stratejik Plan Geliştirme ve Uygulama Sürecinde Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 1453 - 1470, 15.12.2015

İmam Bakır Arabacı Aysel Namlı Muhammed Zincirli Fulya Özer

Öz

Bu çalışma; eğitim kurumlarında stratejik planların geliştirilmesinde karşılaşılan sorunları belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Diyarbakır ve Elazığ illerinde görev yapan 8 İl Denetmeni, 45 Okul Müdürü, 15 Müdür Yardımcısı, 36 Öğretmen ve 6 Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü Ar-Ge personeli oluşturmuştur. Uygulanan görüşme formundan elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş, kategorilere ve temalara ayrılarak, yorumlanmıştır. Katılımcıların %64’ü stratejik planların başarıya ulaşma derecesini düşük düzeyde olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ancak bu bulguya rağmen katılımcıların % 27’si stratejik planlama çalışmalarının boş, yararsız ve işlevsel olmadığını düşünmektedir. Stratejik planların geliştirilmesi ve uygulamalarda karşılaşılan sorunlar ise; Planlamaya ilişkin genel sorunlar, stratejik plan geliştirme aşamasında yaşanan sorunlar, stratejik planların uygulama aşamasında yaşanan sorunlar, stratejik planlamaya ilişkin paydaşların bakış açılarından kaynaklanan sorunlar olarak temalandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eğitim Kurumları, Stratejik planlama, Stratejik plan geliştirilmesinde karşılaşılan sorunlar

The Problems Faced By Educational Institutions While Developing and Implementing A Strategic Plan and Suggestions For A Solution

Öz

This study aims at determining the problems that arise while developing strategic plans at educational institutions. The situational research pattern, which is a qualitative research pattern has been used for this study. Working group of the study is composed of 8 Provincial Educational Supervisors, 45 School Principals, 15 Assistant Principals, 36 Teachers and 6 R&D personnel working at Provincial Directorate of National Education all of whom work in Diyarbakır or Elazığ. Content analysis has been done for the data obtained through the implemented interview forms, the data obtained has been divided into categories and themes, and then interpreted. 64% of the participants stated the success rate of the strategic plans is low. However, despite this finding, 27% of the participants think the strategic planning Works are futile, useless and are not functional. The reasons of strategic plans’ failure to succeed have been divided into sub-themes such as “general problems experienced about strategic planning, problems that arise during the step of developing a strategic plan, problems that arise during the step of implementing strategic plans, problems arising from the point of views owned by the partners about strategic planning.”

Anahtar Kelimeler

Educational Institutions, Strategic planning, problems faced while developing strategic plan

Kaynakça

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• Purpose: This study aims at depicting the problems that arise while developing strategic
• plans at educational institutions. Method: An approach that is mostly qualitative (case study) has been used for the study.
• Case study can be described as examining a single situation or event in depth dimensionally
• instead of examining variables in limited number and following certain rules. Frequency and
• per cent calculations have been used for analyzing quantitative data. Working group of the study is composed of provincial educational supervisors, school principals, assistant principals, teachers, R&D personnel of Provincial Directorate of National
• Education all of whom are working in Diyarbakır or Elazığ, have knowledge about strategic
• planning or have participated in a team of strategic planning. Accordingly, 8 Provincial
• Educational Supervisors, 45 School Principals, 15 Assistant Principals, 36 Teachers and 6
• R&D personnel working at Provincial Directorate of National Education have participated in the study. The prepared interview from has been examined by three academicians who are experts in
• the field, and the form has been presented to the working group after the necessary changes and
• amendments on the form. Interview form has been implemented to the people in the working
• group by the researchers through face to face interaction and it has been ensured that the
• questions are clear and understandable enough. Content analysis has been done for the data
• obtained through the implemented interview forms, the data obtained has been divided into
• categories and themes, and then interpreted. During content analysis, the data have been
• analyzed at four steps: 1) Coding the data, 2) Determining the themes of the coded data, 3)
• Arranging codes and themes, 4) Describing and interpreting the findings (Yıldırım and Şimşek,
• ). While analyzing the views of respondents, groups have been formed according to the
• similarity of the statements. During analysis, the respondents have been given a code number
• (K1,K2...) and then the explanations have been made. The data obtained through the method
• of interview have been digitized and expressed as frequency and per cent. The similar elements
• among the statements have been grouped and themes in accordance with the group have been formed. Findings:27.3% of the respondents evaluated the extent of success of strategic plans as in
• the range of 0-20; 36.4% of them evaluated it as in the range of 21-40; 20% evaluated it as in
• 60; 11.8% evaluated it as in 61-80 and 4.5% evaluated it as in 81-100. Respondents have made a gradation for “Thinking that strategic plans are nonsense and
• not useful” as the sixth grade with the highest 27,3% and as the sixth grade with the lowest
• ,9%; for the theme of “Absence of Interest” as the third grade with the highest 30,9% and
• as the first grade with the lowest 5,5%; for the theme of “Absence of Knowledge” as the
• first grade with the highest 24,5% and as sixth grade with the lowest 7,3%; for the theme of
• “Absence of Support by the Management” as the fifth grade with the highest 22,7% and as the
• sixth grade with the lowest 9,1%; for the theme of “Absence of Supervision” as the sixth grade
• with the highest 30% and as the first grade with the lowest 6.4% and finally for the theme of
• “Non-functional Plan” as the first grade with the highest 30,9% and as the third grade with
• the lowest 7,3%. There are four theme titles that have been coded in order to depict the problems and what
• can be done to ensure strategic planning studies to succeed. These titles and their frequency
• distributions have been determined as below; problems faced during strategic planning (f=72),
• problems that arise at the step of developing a strategic plan (f=48), problems arising from the
• point of views owned by the partners of strategic planning (f=40), problems that arise at the
• step of implementing strategic plans (f=40). Conclusion and Discussion: One of the most important findings obtained at the end of
• the study is that the extent to which strategic planning studies succeed is at a very low level.
• According to most of the respondents (64% of the respondents), the extent to which strategic
• planning succeeds has been determined to be between the interim of 0- 40%. The reason of this can be deemed to be the negative impression and attitude of respondents towards planning.
• There can be a number of reasons for these negative impressions. The first of these reasons can
• be stated as the absence of knowledge about strategic planning experienced by the respondents.
• These planning studies which are a necessity of total quality approach are carried out by teams
• of strategic planning at schools. It has been seen that the teachers, schools principals and
• assistant principals who are serving in these teams do not enough knowledge about strategic
• planning although there are included in these teams. Another finding that we have come across at the end of our study is the fact that the
• respondents have graded the factors that prevent strategic planning studies from succeeding in
• order of priorities under six theme titles. At the end of this gradation, it is clear that some of the
• respondents think that strategic planning is nonsense and not useful. It can be said that such a
• perception may result from the fact that the importance of strategic planning is not perceived
• enough. The reason of this can be that planning studies do not have a concrete counterpart in
• educational system, that the determined goals cannot be reached because different reasons.
• This affects strategic planning in a negative way and strategic planning is not considered
• important by partners. Respondents have stated under another theme title that there is an
• absence of interest about strategic planning, and the results of our study are seen to support
• this view. A number of respondents think that the prepared strategic plans are not functional.
• The plans which are prepared may naturally not be functional because they do not consider the
• needs of the school, environment and educational system in general. A strategic plan which has
• been prepared unrealistically and which has come out without each institution making their
• own analysis and having a vision and mission will not be functional as is seen at the end of
• the study. Another factor stated by most of the respondents is absence of knowledge. The fact
• that there is an absence of knowledge about strategic planning studies can be the result of the
• fact that strategic planning has not always been a part of our educational system starting from
• the past times. It can be said that the results of our study that have come out through the views
• stated by the respondents support this situation. The respondents have emphasized that there is
• an absence of support by management about strategic planning studies. It will be motivating
• for those who implements strategic planning if the people at the administrative level participate
• in the planning studies firstly and believe in the importance of planning. In addition, it has
• come out that there is also an absence of supervision about planning studies carried out in
• accordance with the view of the respondents.