Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 190 - 204, 29.09.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akhrarkhodjaeva, Nozima. “The Instrumentalisation of Mass Media in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes,” İçinde: Andreas Umland, Eds. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society. Ibidem Press, 2017.
  • Allen, Philip M. “Madagascar: Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d’Etat” ve Jody C. Baumgartner, “Impeachment, Russian Style (1998-99), İçinde: Jody C. Baumgartner ve Naoko Kada. Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective. London: Praeger, 2003.
  • Ambrosia, Thomas. “Beyond the Transition Paradigm: A research Agenda for Authoritarian Consolidation.” Demokratizatsya, Vol. 22, No. 3 (2014): 471-494.
  • Baylis, John ve Steve Smith, Eds., The Globalization of World Politics. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Bratton, Michael ve Nicolas van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Brown, Stephen. “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa.” The European Journal of Development Research, Vol. 17, Issue 2 (2005): 179-198.
  • Brownlee, Jason. “Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions.” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 53, No. 3 (July 2009): 515-532.
  • Brownlee, Jason. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Carothers, Thomas. “The End of The Transition Paradigm.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2002): 5-21.
  • Carothers, Thomas. In The Name of Democracy: US Policy Toward Latin America in the Reagan Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
  • Collier, David and Steven Levitsky. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” World Politics, Vol. 49 (April 1997): 430-451.
  • Dahl, Robert A. Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1982.
  • Diamond, Larry Jay. “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Nisan 2002): 21-35.
  • Fish, M. Steven. Democracy Derailed in Russia The Failure of Open Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Gelman, Vladimir. Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Change. University of Pitsburgh Press, 2015.
  • Gilbert, Leah and Payam Mohseni. “Beyond Authoritarianism: The Conceptualization of Hybrid Regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sept. 2011): 270-297.
  • Koltsova, Olessia. News Media and Power in Russia. Routledge, 2006.
  • Lehtisaari, Katja. “Market and Political Factors and the Tussian Media”, University of Oxford, Working Paper, (October 2015).
  • Levitsky, Steven ve Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Levitsky, Steven ve Lucan A. Way. “Elections Without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No 2 (April 2002): 51-65.
  • Linz, Juan J. “An Authoritarian Regime: the Case of Spain” İçinde Erik Allardt ve Yrjo Littunen, (der.), Cleavages, Ideologies and Party Systems. Helsinki: Westermarck Society, 1975.
  • Linz, Juan J. Totaliter ve Otoriter Rejimler. Çev. Ergun Özbudun Ankara: Liberte, 2012.
  • McLean, Iaın ve Alistair McMillan. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Morlino, Leonardo. Hybrid Regimes or Regimes in Transition?, FRIDE, Working Paper 70, Eylül 2008.
  • Moustafa, Tamir. “Law and Courts in Authoritarian Regimes.” The Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10, (2014), ss. 281-299.
  • Moustafa, Tamir. “Law versus the State: The Judicialization of Politics in Egypt.” Law & Social Inquiry, (2003), İçinde: Urribarri, 2011.
  • Njolstad, Olav. The Last Decade of The Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation. New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Nogayeva, Ainur. Orta Asya’da ABD, Rusya ve Çin Stratejik Denge Arayışları. Ankara: Usak Yayınları, 2011.
  • Ottaway, Marina. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.
  • Özbudun, Ergun. “Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War by Levitsky and Way”, Kitap İncelemesi, Turkish Review, 1 Kasım 2014 http://www.turkishreview.org/reviews-briefs/-competitive-authoritarianism-hybrid-regimes-after-the-cold-war-by-steven-levitsky-and-lucan-a-way_541034 Erişim: 11 Ekim 2015.
  • Özbudun, Ergun. Otoriter Rejimler, Seçimsel Demokrasiler ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.
  • Özekici, Nazlı. “The Domestic or International? Assessing the Factors in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes’ Trajectories and Outcomes: A review of Levitsky and Way, Schedler and Brownlee.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Cilt 14, Sayı 55 (2017): 125-129.
  • Pereira, Anthony. Political (In)Justice, Authoritarianism and the Rule of Law in Brazil, Chile and Argentina Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
  • Petrov, Nikolay, Maria Lipman & Henry E. Hale. “Three dilemmas of hybrid regime governance: Russia from Putin to Putin.” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 1 (2014): 1-26.
  • Resnick, Danielle. “Foreign Aid and Democracy in Africa “, United Nations University, 11.03.2011 https://unu.edu/publications/articles/foreign-aid-and-democracy-in-africa.html Erişim: 13 Mart 2018.
  • Schedler, Andreas. "Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation." Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2002): 36-50.
  • Schedler, Andreas. “The Logic of Electoral Authoritarianism“, http://www.ethiomedia.com/accent/ea_schedler.pdf Erişim: 29 Mart 2016.
  • Schedler, Andreas. The Politics of Uncertainty: Sustaining and Subverting Electoral Authoritarianism. Oxford: University Press, 2013.
  • Schmidt, Manfred G. “Political Performance and Types of Democracy: Findings from Comparative Studies.” European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 41 (2002): 147-163.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Thawan, Tanutam. “The Big Three: 2018 Elections for Thailan, Malaysia and Cambodia”, Phuketgazette, 18.01.2018 https://www.phuketgazette.net/news/big-three-2018-elections-thailand-malaysia-cambodia Erişim: 15 Mart 2018.
  • Tıen, Hung-Mao and Chyuan-Jeng Shıau, “Taiwan’s Democratization: A Summary.” World Affairs, Vol. 155, No. 2, Democracy in Taiwan: Part One (Fall 1992): 58- 61.
  • Tsygankov, Andrei P. “‘Vladimir Putin’s Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 2 (2005), ss. 132–58.
  • Tsygankov, Andrei P. “From International Institutionalism to Revolutionary Expansionism: the Foreign Policy Discourse of Contemporary Russia,” Mershon International Studies Review, Vol. 41 (Kasım 1997).
  • Urribarri, Raul A. Sanchez. “Courts between Democracy and Hybrid Authoritarianism: Evidence from the Venezuelan Supreme Court.” Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 36, Issue 4 (Fall 2011): 854–884.
  • Usul, Ali Resul. “Demokrasi, Otoriterlik, Uluslararası Politika: Entegre Bir Yaklaşım Arayışı.” SAM Papers, No: 14 (Aralık 2014).
  • Vakhtang Kipiani, Vlada T’my i Temnykiv (Kiev: Prosvita, 2005), İçinde; Levitsky and Way, 2010.
  • Zakaria, Fareed. “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy”, Foreign Affairs, (Nov.-Dec. 1997).
  • “Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance”, Freedom House, s. 11. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Charts%20and%20Graphs%20for%20Web_0.pdf Erişim: 4 Mayıs 2015.
  • “Nazarbayev yeniden cumhurbaşkanı”, Haberrus, 26 Nisan 2015.
  • “Russia”, World Report, 2016: Events of 2015, Human Rights Watch.

BİR MELEZ REJİM ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK REKABETÇİ OTORİTERYANİZM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 190 - 204, 29.09.2018

Öz

Rejim çalışmaları
uzun bir dönem boyunca kapalı rejimler ve liberal demokrasilerin iki uç noktada
yer aldığı ön kabulüyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesiyle
liberal demokrasinin zaferi ilan edilmiş ve kapalı rejimlerin tarihe karışacağı
öngörüsü birçok teorisyen tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Ancak kapalı rejimler
tarihe karışmadığı gibi demokratik geçiş döneminde olduğu iddia edilen birçok
rejim liberal demokratik rejimlere geçişi gerçekleştirmeyerek melez rejim
olarak adlandırılan bir ara rejim yaratmıştır. Her örnek ülkenin kendi özel
koşullarına göre şekillenen melez rejimlerden rekabetçi otoriteryanizm ise
demokratik rejimlerin unsurlarından yararlanarak meşruiyetini sağlamış ve
otoriter yapısını güçlendirerek kalıcılığını artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, melez
rejimlerin doğası ve adlandırılma problemleri ile rekabetçi otoriter rejimlerin
yapısı değerlendirilerek farklı tecrübeler ışığında açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akhrarkhodjaeva, Nozima. “The Instrumentalisation of Mass Media in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes,” İçinde: Andreas Umland, Eds. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society. Ibidem Press, 2017.
  • Allen, Philip M. “Madagascar: Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d’Etat” ve Jody C. Baumgartner, “Impeachment, Russian Style (1998-99), İçinde: Jody C. Baumgartner ve Naoko Kada. Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective. London: Praeger, 2003.
  • Ambrosia, Thomas. “Beyond the Transition Paradigm: A research Agenda for Authoritarian Consolidation.” Demokratizatsya, Vol. 22, No. 3 (2014): 471-494.
  • Baylis, John ve Steve Smith, Eds., The Globalization of World Politics. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Bratton, Michael ve Nicolas van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Brown, Stephen. “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa.” The European Journal of Development Research, Vol. 17, Issue 2 (2005): 179-198.
  • Brownlee, Jason. “Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions.” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 53, No. 3 (July 2009): 515-532.
  • Brownlee, Jason. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Carothers, Thomas. “The End of The Transition Paradigm.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2002): 5-21.
  • Carothers, Thomas. In The Name of Democracy: US Policy Toward Latin America in the Reagan Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
  • Collier, David and Steven Levitsky. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” World Politics, Vol. 49 (April 1997): 430-451.
  • Dahl, Robert A. Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1982.
  • Diamond, Larry Jay. “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Nisan 2002): 21-35.
  • Fish, M. Steven. Democracy Derailed in Russia The Failure of Open Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Gelman, Vladimir. Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Change. University of Pitsburgh Press, 2015.
  • Gilbert, Leah and Payam Mohseni. “Beyond Authoritarianism: The Conceptualization of Hybrid Regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sept. 2011): 270-297.
  • Koltsova, Olessia. News Media and Power in Russia. Routledge, 2006.
  • Lehtisaari, Katja. “Market and Political Factors and the Tussian Media”, University of Oxford, Working Paper, (October 2015).
  • Levitsky, Steven ve Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Levitsky, Steven ve Lucan A. Way. “Elections Without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No 2 (April 2002): 51-65.
  • Linz, Juan J. “An Authoritarian Regime: the Case of Spain” İçinde Erik Allardt ve Yrjo Littunen, (der.), Cleavages, Ideologies and Party Systems. Helsinki: Westermarck Society, 1975.
  • Linz, Juan J. Totaliter ve Otoriter Rejimler. Çev. Ergun Özbudun Ankara: Liberte, 2012.
  • McLean, Iaın ve Alistair McMillan. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Morlino, Leonardo. Hybrid Regimes or Regimes in Transition?, FRIDE, Working Paper 70, Eylül 2008.
  • Moustafa, Tamir. “Law and Courts in Authoritarian Regimes.” The Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10, (2014), ss. 281-299.
  • Moustafa, Tamir. “Law versus the State: The Judicialization of Politics in Egypt.” Law & Social Inquiry, (2003), İçinde: Urribarri, 2011.
  • Njolstad, Olav. The Last Decade of The Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation. New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Nogayeva, Ainur. Orta Asya’da ABD, Rusya ve Çin Stratejik Denge Arayışları. Ankara: Usak Yayınları, 2011.
  • Ottaway, Marina. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.
  • Özbudun, Ergun. “Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War by Levitsky and Way”, Kitap İncelemesi, Turkish Review, 1 Kasım 2014 http://www.turkishreview.org/reviews-briefs/-competitive-authoritarianism-hybrid-regimes-after-the-cold-war-by-steven-levitsky-and-lucan-a-way_541034 Erişim: 11 Ekim 2015.
  • Özbudun, Ergun. Otoriter Rejimler, Seçimsel Demokrasiler ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.
  • Özekici, Nazlı. “The Domestic or International? Assessing the Factors in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes’ Trajectories and Outcomes: A review of Levitsky and Way, Schedler and Brownlee.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Cilt 14, Sayı 55 (2017): 125-129.
  • Pereira, Anthony. Political (In)Justice, Authoritarianism and the Rule of Law in Brazil, Chile and Argentina Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
  • Petrov, Nikolay, Maria Lipman & Henry E. Hale. “Three dilemmas of hybrid regime governance: Russia from Putin to Putin.” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 1 (2014): 1-26.
  • Resnick, Danielle. “Foreign Aid and Democracy in Africa “, United Nations University, 11.03.2011 https://unu.edu/publications/articles/foreign-aid-and-democracy-in-africa.html Erişim: 13 Mart 2018.
  • Schedler, Andreas. "Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation." Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2002): 36-50.
  • Schedler, Andreas. “The Logic of Electoral Authoritarianism“, http://www.ethiomedia.com/accent/ea_schedler.pdf Erişim: 29 Mart 2016.
  • Schedler, Andreas. The Politics of Uncertainty: Sustaining and Subverting Electoral Authoritarianism. Oxford: University Press, 2013.
  • Schmidt, Manfred G. “Political Performance and Types of Democracy: Findings from Comparative Studies.” European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 41 (2002): 147-163.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Thawan, Tanutam. “The Big Three: 2018 Elections for Thailan, Malaysia and Cambodia”, Phuketgazette, 18.01.2018 https://www.phuketgazette.net/news/big-three-2018-elections-thailand-malaysia-cambodia Erişim: 15 Mart 2018.
  • Tıen, Hung-Mao and Chyuan-Jeng Shıau, “Taiwan’s Democratization: A Summary.” World Affairs, Vol. 155, No. 2, Democracy in Taiwan: Part One (Fall 1992): 58- 61.
  • Tsygankov, Andrei P. “‘Vladimir Putin’s Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 2 (2005), ss. 132–58.
  • Tsygankov, Andrei P. “From International Institutionalism to Revolutionary Expansionism: the Foreign Policy Discourse of Contemporary Russia,” Mershon International Studies Review, Vol. 41 (Kasım 1997).
  • Urribarri, Raul A. Sanchez. “Courts between Democracy and Hybrid Authoritarianism: Evidence from the Venezuelan Supreme Court.” Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 36, Issue 4 (Fall 2011): 854–884.
  • Usul, Ali Resul. “Demokrasi, Otoriterlik, Uluslararası Politika: Entegre Bir Yaklaşım Arayışı.” SAM Papers, No: 14 (Aralık 2014).
  • Vakhtang Kipiani, Vlada T’my i Temnykiv (Kiev: Prosvita, 2005), İçinde; Levitsky and Way, 2010.
  • Zakaria, Fareed. “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy”, Foreign Affairs, (Nov.-Dec. 1997).
  • “Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance”, Freedom House, s. 11. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%202013%20Charts%20and%20Graphs%20for%20Web_0.pdf Erişim: 4 Mayıs 2015.
  • “Nazarbayev yeniden cumhurbaşkanı”, Haberrus, 26 Nisan 2015.
  • “Russia”, World Report, 2016: Events of 2015, Human Rights Watch.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Adnan Seyaz 0000-0002-5422-1621

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Seyaz, A. (2018). BİR MELEZ REJİM ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK REKABETÇİ OTORİTERYANİZM. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 190-204.