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THE DIGITALIZATION OF DIPLOMACY AND SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE: A RESEARCH ON EMBASSY FACEBOOK ACCOUNTS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.03.2019

Öz









Objective: The aim of the study is to put forward the effects of new communication technologies to public
diplomacy within the “digital diplomacy” conceptual framework via case studies concerning social media
activities.


Method: For this purpose, Facebook shares and interactions (e.g. comment, like, re-share) covering the
period of May-October 2018 in Facebook accounts of the Finland Embassy in Ankara and United Kingdom
Embassy in Ankara, chosen as case studies, have been examined via content analysis method. In addition to
that, two Facebook accounts have been compared within the scope of proactive use of social media,
openness to interaction and use of multimedia features.


Results: It is concluded that proactive social media use (promoting shares, benefiting social media
celebrities, using interactive social media features) within the context of digital diplomacy enables that the
promoted policies and aspects of a country are widely disseminated by increasing user interaction. Also, it
has been observed that shares and strategies of diplomatic social media accounts examined as case studies,
are consistent with the foreign policy goals of that specific countries.





Kaynakça

  • Adesina, O. S. (2017). Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy. Cogent Social Sciences. 3(1), 1297175.
  • Birleşik Krallık Ankara Büyükelçiliği Facebook Hesabı (2018) [https://www.facebook.com/ukinturkey/] Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018
  • Bollier, D. (2002). “The rise of Netpolitik: How the Internet is changing international politics and Diplomacy“ [http://www.aspeninstitute.org/] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Brown, H. (2017). Post-Brexit Britain: Thinking about ‘English Nationalism’as a factor in the EU referendum. International Politics Reviews. 5(1), 1-12.
  • Christodoulides, N. (2005) The Internet and Diplomacy. American Diplomacy.
  • Collins, N., Bekenova. K. (2018). Digital diplomacy: success at your fingertips. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 1-11.
  • Çömlekçi, F., Güney. S. (2016). Social Media Strategies of The European Union Bodies: A Comparison With Turkey's Experience. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 15(4), 1119-1130.
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories. The annals of the American academy of political and social science. 616(1), 31-54.
  • Dış İşleri Bakanlığı. (2018). [Diplomatic Missions. http://cd.mfa.gov.tr/mission/mission-list?clickedId=3] Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018.
  • Finlandiya Ankara Büyükelçiliği Facebook Hesabı (2018). [https://www.facebook.com/FinnishEmbassyAnkara/] Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018 Goodwin, M., Milazzo. C. (2017). Taking back control? Investigating the role of immigration in the 2016 vote for Brexit. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 19(3), 450-464.
  • Hanson, F. (2012, October 25). Baked in and wired: eDiplomacy@State, Foreign Policy Paper Series, no 30: (pp. 1–41), Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Hayden, C. (2012). Social media at state: Power, practice, and conceptual limits for US public diplomacy. Global Media Journal. 11(21).
  • Kampf, R., Manor, I., Segev. E. (2015). Digital diplomacy 2.0? A cross-national comparison of public engagement in Facebook and Twitter. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy. 10(4), 331-362.
  • Kavanaugh, A. L., Fox, E. A., Sheetz, S. D., Yang, S., Li, L. T., Shoemaker, D. J., ... Xie. L. (2012). Social media use by government: From the routine to the critical. Government Information Quarterly. 29(4), 480-491.
  • Manor, I. (2015). “WikiLeaks revisited.” [http:// digdipblog.com/2015/11/09/wikileaks-revisited/] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Manor, I., Segev. C. (2015). America’s selfie: How the US portrays itself on its social media accounts. In C. Bjola & M. Holmes (Eds.), Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice (pp. 89–108). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics. Public affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. The annals of the American academy of political and social science. 616(1), 94-109.
  • Pamment, J. (2012). New public diplomacy in the 21st century: A comparative study of policy and practice. Routledge.
  • Permyakova, L. (2012). “Digital diplomacy: Areas of work, risks and tools.” [http://russiancouncil.ru/en/ inner/?id_4=864#top-content] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018.
  • Potter, E. (2002-2003). Canada and the new public diplomacy. International Journal. 63 (1): 43-64.
  • Solis, B. (2008). “Reinventing Crisis Communication for the Social Web” [http://www.briansolis.com/2008/11/reinventing-crisis-communi cations-for-the-social-web] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Tam, L. (2018). Interpersonal approaches to relationship building: diplomat as a human agent of public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 1-9.
  • Westcott, N. (2008). Digital diplomacy: The Impact of the internet on international relations. Research Report 16. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
  • Zhang, J. (2013). A strategic issue management (SIM) approach to social media use in public diplomacy. American Behavioral Scientist. 57(9), 1312-1331.

DİJİTALLEŞEN DİPLOMASİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMI: BÜYÜKELÇİLİK FACEBOOK HESAPLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 01.03.2019

Öz




Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin kamu diplomasisine olan etkilerini “dijital diplomasi”
kavramsal çerçevesinde ve örnek sosyal medya faaliyetleri vasıtasıyla ortaya koymaktır.


Yöntem: Bu amaçla, örnek olay olarak belirlenen Birleşik Krallık ve Finlandiya Ankara Büyükelçilik
Facebook hesaplarından Mayıs 2018 - Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında yapılan paylaşımlar ve etkileşimler
(yorum, beğeni, yeniden paylaşım) içerik analizi metodu yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Finlandiya ve Birleşik
Krallık hesapları ürettikleri içerik ve sosyal medya stratejileri çerçevesinde ayrı ayrı değerlendirildikten
sonra sosyal medyanın proaktif kullanımı, kullanılan multimedya araçları ve etkileşime açıklık bağlamında
aralarında bir karşılaştırma da yapılmıştır.


Bulgular: Çalışma ile dijital diplomasi bağlamındaki proaktif sosyal medya kullanımının (paylaşımların
reklamlarla öne çıkarılması, sosyal medya fenomenlerinden faydalanma, etkileşimsel sosyal medya
özelliklerini kullanma vb.) kullanıcılarla olan etkileşimi arttırarak ülkelerin öne çıkardıkları yönlerinin ve
politikalarının daha geniş bir kitleye yayılmasını sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca örnek vakadaki
diplomatik sosyal medya hesaplarının strateji ve paylaşımlarının o ülkelerin dış politika hedefleriyle uyumlu
olduğu görülmüştür. 




Kaynakça

  • Adesina, O. S. (2017). Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy. Cogent Social Sciences. 3(1), 1297175.
  • Birleşik Krallık Ankara Büyükelçiliği Facebook Hesabı (2018) [https://www.facebook.com/ukinturkey/] Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018
  • Bollier, D. (2002). “The rise of Netpolitik: How the Internet is changing international politics and Diplomacy“ [http://www.aspeninstitute.org/] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Brown, H. (2017). Post-Brexit Britain: Thinking about ‘English Nationalism’as a factor in the EU referendum. International Politics Reviews. 5(1), 1-12.
  • Christodoulides, N. (2005) The Internet and Diplomacy. American Diplomacy.
  • Collins, N., Bekenova. K. (2018). Digital diplomacy: success at your fingertips. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 1-11.
  • Çömlekçi, F., Güney. S. (2016). Social Media Strategies of The European Union Bodies: A Comparison With Turkey's Experience. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 15(4), 1119-1130.
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories. The annals of the American academy of political and social science. 616(1), 31-54.
  • Dış İşleri Bakanlığı. (2018). [Diplomatic Missions. http://cd.mfa.gov.tr/mission/mission-list?clickedId=3] Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018.
  • Finlandiya Ankara Büyükelçiliği Facebook Hesabı (2018). [https://www.facebook.com/FinnishEmbassyAnkara/] Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018 Goodwin, M., Milazzo. C. (2017). Taking back control? Investigating the role of immigration in the 2016 vote for Brexit. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 19(3), 450-464.
  • Hanson, F. (2012, October 25). Baked in and wired: eDiplomacy@State, Foreign Policy Paper Series, no 30: (pp. 1–41), Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Hayden, C. (2012). Social media at state: Power, practice, and conceptual limits for US public diplomacy. Global Media Journal. 11(21).
  • Kampf, R., Manor, I., Segev. E. (2015). Digital diplomacy 2.0? A cross-national comparison of public engagement in Facebook and Twitter. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy. 10(4), 331-362.
  • Kavanaugh, A. L., Fox, E. A., Sheetz, S. D., Yang, S., Li, L. T., Shoemaker, D. J., ... Xie. L. (2012). Social media use by government: From the routine to the critical. Government Information Quarterly. 29(4), 480-491.
  • Manor, I. (2015). “WikiLeaks revisited.” [http:// digdipblog.com/2015/11/09/wikileaks-revisited/] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Manor, I., Segev. C. (2015). America’s selfie: How the US portrays itself on its social media accounts. In C. Bjola & M. Holmes (Eds.), Digital diplomacy: Theory and practice (pp. 89–108). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics. Public affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. The annals of the American academy of political and social science. 616(1), 94-109.
  • Pamment, J. (2012). New public diplomacy in the 21st century: A comparative study of policy and practice. Routledge.
  • Permyakova, L. (2012). “Digital diplomacy: Areas of work, risks and tools.” [http://russiancouncil.ru/en/ inner/?id_4=864#top-content] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018.
  • Potter, E. (2002-2003). Canada and the new public diplomacy. International Journal. 63 (1): 43-64.
  • Solis, B. (2008). “Reinventing Crisis Communication for the Social Web” [http://www.briansolis.com/2008/11/reinventing-crisis-communi cations-for-the-social-web] Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018
  • Tam, L. (2018). Interpersonal approaches to relationship building: diplomat as a human agent of public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 1-9.
  • Westcott, N. (2008). Digital diplomacy: The Impact of the internet on international relations. Research Report 16. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
  • Zhang, J. (2013). A strategic issue management (SIM) approach to social media use in public diplomacy. American Behavioral Scientist. 57(9), 1312-1331.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi 0000-0002-4811-5558

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çömlekçi, M. F. (2019). DİJİTALLEŞEN DİPLOMASİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMI: BÜYÜKELÇİLİK FACEBOOK HESAPLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 1-13.