Editöre Mektup
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kefir and Health

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 26 - 30, 02.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.25645

Öz

In recent years, the societies became more conscious about the nutrition. Healthy and reliable food is the main demand, however, request to functional foods which can be briefly defined as beneficial nutrients to human health increases. Kefir is an important member of the probiotics, which are the subgroup of functional foods. It is a fermented milk product and contains useful bacteria and yeasts. In this text, the health and metabolism effects of the kefir are discussed in the light of current literature

Kaynakça

  • Adiloğlu, A.K., Gönülateş, N., İşler, M., Şenol, A. 2013. Kefir tüketiminin insan bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri: Bir sitokin çalışması. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 47(2): 273-281.
  • Ahmed, Z., Wang, Y., Ahmad, A., Khan, S.T., Nisa, M., Ahmad, H., Afreen, A. 2013. Kefir and Health: A Contemporary Perspective. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(5): 422-434.
  • Alm, L. 1982. Effect of fermentation on lactose, glucose, and galactose content in milk and suitably of fermented milk products for lactose intolerant individuals. Journal of Dairy Science, 65(3): 346- 352.
  • Bigliardi, B., Galati, F. 2013. Innovation trends in the food industry: The case of functional foods. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 31(2): 118-129.
  • Czamanski, R.T., Greco, D.P., Wiest, J.M. 2004. Evaluation of antibiotic activity in filtrates of traditional kefir. Higiene Alimentar, 18 (124): 75-77.
  • De Angelis-Pereira, M.C., Barcelos, M.F.P., Sousa, M.S.B., Pereira, J.A.R. 2013. Effects of the kefir and banana pulp and skin flours on hypercholesterolemic rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 28(7): 481-486.
  • De Oliveira Leite, A.M., Miguel, M.A., Peixoto, R.S., Rosado, A.S., Silva, J.T., Paschoalin, V.M. 2013. Microbiological, technological and therapeutic properties of kefir: a natural probiotic beverage. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 44(2): 341-349.
  • De Vrese, M., Keller, B., Barth, C.A. 1992. Enhancement of intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by microbial β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of kefir. British Journal of Nutrition, 67(1): 67-75.
  • Farnworth, E.R. 2006. Probiotics and Prebiotics. (Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, (2. ed) CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York: Ed. Wildmann R.E.C.) 335.
  • Farnworth, E.R., Mainville, I. 2008. Kefir-A Fermented Milk Product. (Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods (2. ed) CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York: Ed. Farnworth E.R.) 89-127.
  • Furukawa, N., Matsuoka, A., Takahashi, T., Yamanaka, Y. 2000. Antimetastatic effect of Kefir grain components on Lewis lung carcinoma and highly metastatic B16 melanoma in mice. Journal of Agricultural Science, 45(1): 62-70.
  • Furuno, T., Nakanishi, M. 2012. Kefiran suppresses antigen-induced mast cell activation. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 35(2): 178-183.
  • Ghoneum, M., Gimzewski, J. 2014. Apoptotic effect of a novel kefir product, PFT, on multidrug-resistant myeloid leukemia cells via a hole-piercing mechanism. International Journal of Oncology, 44(3): 830-837.
  • Golowczyc, M. A., Mobili, P., Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G., De Antoni, G. L. 2007. Protective action of Lactobacillus kefir carrying S-layer protein against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 118(3): 264-273.
  • Golowczyc, M.A., Gugliada, M.J., Hollmann, A., Delfederico, L., Garrote, G.L., Abraham, A.G., Semorile, L., De Antonie, G. 2008. Characterization of homofermentative lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains: Potential use as probiotic . Journal of Dairy Research, 75(2): 211-217.
  • Grishina, A., Kulikova, I., Alieva, L., Dodson, A., Rowland, I., Jin, J. 2011. Antigenotoxic effect of kefir and ayran supernatants on fecal water-induced DNA damage in human colon cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 63(1): 73-79.
  • Gülmez, M., Güven, A. 2003. Behavior of Escherichia coli 0157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes 4b and Yersenia enterocolitica 03 in pasteurized and non- pasteurized Kefir fermented for one or two days. Food Science and Technology International, October 9: 365-369.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Seydim, A.C., Greene, A.K. 2003. Comparison of amino acid profiles of milk, yogurt and Turkish Kefir. Milchwissenschaft, 58(3-4): 158- 160.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Seydim, A.C., Greene, A.K., Taş, T. 2006. Determination of antimutagenic properties of some fermented milks including changes in the total fatty acid profiles including conjugated linoleic acids. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 59(3): 209-215.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Kok-Tas, T., Greene, A.K., Seydim, A.C. 2011. Review: Functional properties of Kefir. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(3):261-268.
  • Hacıoğlu, G., Kurt, G. 2012. Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Yönelik Farkındalığı, Kabulü ve Tutumları: İzmir İli Örneği. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(1): 161-171.
  • Hertzler, S.R., Clancy, S.M. 2003. Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 103(5): 582-587. Huseini, H.F., Rahimzadeh, G., Fazeli, M.R., Mehrazma, M., Salehi, M. 2012. Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products. Burns, 38(5): 719-723.
  • Karakaya, S. 2006. Fonksiyonel Gıdalar ve Destekler. http:/food.ege.edu.tr/files/fonksiyonelgidalarvedeste kler.ppt. (Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2014).
  • Khoury, N., El-Hayek, S., Tarras, O., El-Sabban, M., El-Sibai, M., Rizk, S. 2014. Kefir exhibits anti‑proliferative and pro‑apoptotic effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells with no significant effects on cell migration and invasion. International Journal of Oncology, 45(5): 2117-2127.
  • Kneating, K. 1985. The role of cultured dairy products in the prevention of stomach cancer. Cultured Dairy Products Journal, 20: 13-14.
  • Kurmann, J. 1984. Fermented milks. Bulletin- International Dairy Federation, 179: 16-26.
  • Lee, M.Y., Ahn, K.S., Kwon, O.K., Kim, M.J., Kim, M.K., Lee, I.Y., Oh, S.R., Lee, H.K. 2007. Anti- inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of kefir in a mouse asthma model. Immunobiology, 212(8): 647- 654.
  • Liu, J.R., Wang, S.Y., Lin, Y.Y., Lin, C.W. 2002. Antitumor activity of milk kefir and soy milk kefir in tumor-bearing mice. Nutrition and Cancer, 44(2): 183-187.
  • Loranskala, T.I., Khoromskii, L.N., Benedikt, V.V. 1986. Effects of a series of food substances on motor and emptying function of the gastric stump and diverting intestinal loop after stomach resection and truncal vagotomy. Voprosy Pitaniia, 1: 19-22.
  • Loretan, T., Mostert, J.F., Viljoen, B.C. 2003. Microbial flora associated with South African household kefir: research letter. South African Journal of Science, 99(1&2): 92-94.
  • Maalouf, K., Baydoun, E., Rizk, S. 2011. Kefir induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTLV-1-negative malignant T-lymphocytes. Cancer Managemet and Research, 3: 39-47.
  • Maeda, H., Zhu, X., Omura, K., Suzuki, S., Kitamura, S. 2004. Effects of an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) on lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and constipation. Biofactors, 22(1): 197-200.
  • Messina, F., Saba, A., Turrini, A., Raats, M., Lumbers, M. 2008. Older people's perceptions towards conventional and functional yoghurts through the repertory grid method: A cross-country study. British Food Journal, 110(8): 790-804.
  • Morgan, S. M., Hickey, R., Ross, R. P., and Hill, C. 2000. Efficient method for the detection of microbially-produced from Microbiology, 89(1): 56-62. Journal Applied systems. of
  • Murofushi, M., Shiomi, M., Aibara, K. 1983. Effect of orally administered polysaccharide from kefir grain on delayed-type hypersensitivity and tumor growth in mice. Japanese Journal of Medical Science & Biology, 36(1): 49-53.
  • Özer, D., Özer, B. 1999. Product of Eastern Europe and Asia. (Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London: Ed. Robinson R.) 798- 805.
  • Plessas, S., Trantallidi, M., Bekatorou, A., Kanellaki, M., Immobilization of kefir and Lactobacillus casei on brewery spent grains for use in sourdough wheat bread making. Food Chemistry, 105(1): 187-194.
  • Quiros, A., Hernandez-Ledesma, B., Ramos, M., Amigo, L., converting enzyme inhibitory activity of peptides I. derived from caprine kefir. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(10): 3480-3487. 2005. Angiotensin
  • Rizk, S., Maalouf, K., Baydoun, E. 2009. The antiproliferative effect of kefir cell-free fraction on HuT-102 malignant T lymphocytes. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia, 9(3): 198- 203.
  • Santos, A., San Mauro, N., Sanchez, A., Torres, J.M., Marquina, D. 2003. The antimicrobial properties of different strains of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from kefir. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 26(3): 434-437.
  • Silva, K.R., Rodrigues, S.A., Filho, L.X., Lima, A.S. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of broth fermented with kefir grains. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 152(2): 316-325.
  • St-Onge, M.P., Farnworth, E.R., Savard, T., Chabot, D., Mafu, A., Jones, P.J. 2002. Kefir consumption does not alter plasma lipid levels or cholesterol fractional synthesis rates relative to milk in hyperlipidemic men: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1): 1.
  • Teruya, K., Yamashita, M., Tominaga, R., Nagira, T., Shim, S.Y., Katakura, Y., Tokumaru S., Tokumaru, K., Barnes, D., Shirahata, S. 2002. Fermented milk, Kefram-Kefir enhances glucose uptake into insulin- responsive muscle cells. Cytotechnology, 40(1-3): 107-116.
  • Thoreux, K., Schmucker, D.L. 2001. Kefir milk enhances intestinal immunity in young but not old rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(3): 807-812.
  • Ulusoy, B. H., Çolak, H., Hampikyan, H., Erkan, M. E. 2007. An in vitro study on the antibacterial effect of kefir against some food-borne pathogens. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 37:103-107.
  • Vinderola, G., Duarte, J., Thangavel, D., Perdigon, G., Farnworth, E., Matar, C., 2005. Remote-site stimulation and duration of the immune response by kefir. European Journal of Inflammation, 3: 63.
  • Vinderola, G., Perdigon, G., Duarte, J., Thangavel, D., Farnworth, E., Matar, C. 2006. Effects of kefir fractions on innate immunity. Immunobiology, 211(3): 149-156.
  • Yalçın, B. 2005. Allerjik Reaksiyonların Patogenezi: T- Hücreleri ve Eozinofillerin Rolü. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi, 12(4): 209-214.
  • Zacconi, C., Scolari, G., Vescovo, M., Sarra, P.G. 2003. Competitive exclusion of Campylobacter jejuni by kefir fermented milk. Annals of Microbiology, 53(2): 179-188.
  • Zhou, J., Liu, X., Jiang, H., Dong, M. 2009. Analysis of the microflora denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Microbiology, 26(8): 770-775. Food

Kefir ve Sağlık

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 26 - 30, 02.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.25645

Öz

Son yıllarda toplumlar beslenme konusunda giderek daha bilinçli hale gelmektedir. Beslenme konusunda temel talep olan sağlıklı ve güvenli gıdalar tüketebilme isteğinin yanında; insan sağlığına ek faydalar sağlayan, hastalıklardan koruma potansiyeli olan ve fonksiyonel gıda olarak adlandırılan ürünlere ulaşma isteği de giderek artmaktadır. Kefir, fonksiyonel gıdalardan probiyotikler alt kolunun önemli bir üyesi olup, içeriğinde birçok faydalı maya ve bakteri bulunduran, son yıllarda popülaritesi gittikçe artan fermente bir süt ürünüdür. Bu çalışmada, güncel bilgiler ışığında kefirin metabolik faaliyetler ve sağlık yararları üzerinde durulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Adiloğlu, A.K., Gönülateş, N., İşler, M., Şenol, A. 2013. Kefir tüketiminin insan bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri: Bir sitokin çalışması. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 47(2): 273-281.
  • Ahmed, Z., Wang, Y., Ahmad, A., Khan, S.T., Nisa, M., Ahmad, H., Afreen, A. 2013. Kefir and Health: A Contemporary Perspective. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(5): 422-434.
  • Alm, L. 1982. Effect of fermentation on lactose, glucose, and galactose content in milk and suitably of fermented milk products for lactose intolerant individuals. Journal of Dairy Science, 65(3): 346- 352.
  • Bigliardi, B., Galati, F. 2013. Innovation trends in the food industry: The case of functional foods. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 31(2): 118-129.
  • Czamanski, R.T., Greco, D.P., Wiest, J.M. 2004. Evaluation of antibiotic activity in filtrates of traditional kefir. Higiene Alimentar, 18 (124): 75-77.
  • De Angelis-Pereira, M.C., Barcelos, M.F.P., Sousa, M.S.B., Pereira, J.A.R. 2013. Effects of the kefir and banana pulp and skin flours on hypercholesterolemic rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 28(7): 481-486.
  • De Oliveira Leite, A.M., Miguel, M.A., Peixoto, R.S., Rosado, A.S., Silva, J.T., Paschoalin, V.M. 2013. Microbiological, technological and therapeutic properties of kefir: a natural probiotic beverage. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 44(2): 341-349.
  • De Vrese, M., Keller, B., Barth, C.A. 1992. Enhancement of intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by microbial β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of kefir. British Journal of Nutrition, 67(1): 67-75.
  • Farnworth, E.R. 2006. Probiotics and Prebiotics. (Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, (2. ed) CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York: Ed. Wildmann R.E.C.) 335.
  • Farnworth, E.R., Mainville, I. 2008. Kefir-A Fermented Milk Product. (Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods (2. ed) CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York: Ed. Farnworth E.R.) 89-127.
  • Furukawa, N., Matsuoka, A., Takahashi, T., Yamanaka, Y. 2000. Antimetastatic effect of Kefir grain components on Lewis lung carcinoma and highly metastatic B16 melanoma in mice. Journal of Agricultural Science, 45(1): 62-70.
  • Furuno, T., Nakanishi, M. 2012. Kefiran suppresses antigen-induced mast cell activation. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 35(2): 178-183.
  • Ghoneum, M., Gimzewski, J. 2014. Apoptotic effect of a novel kefir product, PFT, on multidrug-resistant myeloid leukemia cells via a hole-piercing mechanism. International Journal of Oncology, 44(3): 830-837.
  • Golowczyc, M. A., Mobili, P., Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G., De Antoni, G. L. 2007. Protective action of Lactobacillus kefir carrying S-layer protein against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 118(3): 264-273.
  • Golowczyc, M.A., Gugliada, M.J., Hollmann, A., Delfederico, L., Garrote, G.L., Abraham, A.G., Semorile, L., De Antonie, G. 2008. Characterization of homofermentative lactobacilli isolated from kefir grains: Potential use as probiotic . Journal of Dairy Research, 75(2): 211-217.
  • Grishina, A., Kulikova, I., Alieva, L., Dodson, A., Rowland, I., Jin, J. 2011. Antigenotoxic effect of kefir and ayran supernatants on fecal water-induced DNA damage in human colon cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 63(1): 73-79.
  • Gülmez, M., Güven, A. 2003. Behavior of Escherichia coli 0157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes 4b and Yersenia enterocolitica 03 in pasteurized and non- pasteurized Kefir fermented for one or two days. Food Science and Technology International, October 9: 365-369.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Seydim, A.C., Greene, A.K. 2003. Comparison of amino acid profiles of milk, yogurt and Turkish Kefir. Milchwissenschaft, 58(3-4): 158- 160.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Seydim, A.C., Greene, A.K., Taş, T. 2006. Determination of antimutagenic properties of some fermented milks including changes in the total fatty acid profiles including conjugated linoleic acids. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 59(3): 209-215.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., Kok-Tas, T., Greene, A.K., Seydim, A.C. 2011. Review: Functional properties of Kefir. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(3):261-268.
  • Hacıoğlu, G., Kurt, G. 2012. Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Yönelik Farkındalığı, Kabulü ve Tutumları: İzmir İli Örneği. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(1): 161-171.
  • Hertzler, S.R., Clancy, S.M. 2003. Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 103(5): 582-587. Huseini, H.F., Rahimzadeh, G., Fazeli, M.R., Mehrazma, M., Salehi, M. 2012. Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products. Burns, 38(5): 719-723.
  • Karakaya, S. 2006. Fonksiyonel Gıdalar ve Destekler. http:/food.ege.edu.tr/files/fonksiyonelgidalarvedeste kler.ppt. (Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2014).
  • Khoury, N., El-Hayek, S., Tarras, O., El-Sabban, M., El-Sibai, M., Rizk, S. 2014. Kefir exhibits anti‑proliferative and pro‑apoptotic effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells with no significant effects on cell migration and invasion. International Journal of Oncology, 45(5): 2117-2127.
  • Kneating, K. 1985. The role of cultured dairy products in the prevention of stomach cancer. Cultured Dairy Products Journal, 20: 13-14.
  • Kurmann, J. 1984. Fermented milks. Bulletin- International Dairy Federation, 179: 16-26.
  • Lee, M.Y., Ahn, K.S., Kwon, O.K., Kim, M.J., Kim, M.K., Lee, I.Y., Oh, S.R., Lee, H.K. 2007. Anti- inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of kefir in a mouse asthma model. Immunobiology, 212(8): 647- 654.
  • Liu, J.R., Wang, S.Y., Lin, Y.Y., Lin, C.W. 2002. Antitumor activity of milk kefir and soy milk kefir in tumor-bearing mice. Nutrition and Cancer, 44(2): 183-187.
  • Loranskala, T.I., Khoromskii, L.N., Benedikt, V.V. 1986. Effects of a series of food substances on motor and emptying function of the gastric stump and diverting intestinal loop after stomach resection and truncal vagotomy. Voprosy Pitaniia, 1: 19-22.
  • Loretan, T., Mostert, J.F., Viljoen, B.C. 2003. Microbial flora associated with South African household kefir: research letter. South African Journal of Science, 99(1&2): 92-94.
  • Maalouf, K., Baydoun, E., Rizk, S. 2011. Kefir induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTLV-1-negative malignant T-lymphocytes. Cancer Managemet and Research, 3: 39-47.
  • Maeda, H., Zhu, X., Omura, K., Suzuki, S., Kitamura, S. 2004. Effects of an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) on lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and constipation. Biofactors, 22(1): 197-200.
  • Messina, F., Saba, A., Turrini, A., Raats, M., Lumbers, M. 2008. Older people's perceptions towards conventional and functional yoghurts through the repertory grid method: A cross-country study. British Food Journal, 110(8): 790-804.
  • Morgan, S. M., Hickey, R., Ross, R. P., and Hill, C. 2000. Efficient method for the detection of microbially-produced from Microbiology, 89(1): 56-62. Journal Applied systems. of
  • Murofushi, M., Shiomi, M., Aibara, K. 1983. Effect of orally administered polysaccharide from kefir grain on delayed-type hypersensitivity and tumor growth in mice. Japanese Journal of Medical Science & Biology, 36(1): 49-53.
  • Özer, D., Özer, B. 1999. Product of Eastern Europe and Asia. (Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London: Ed. Robinson R.) 798- 805.
  • Plessas, S., Trantallidi, M., Bekatorou, A., Kanellaki, M., Immobilization of kefir and Lactobacillus casei on brewery spent grains for use in sourdough wheat bread making. Food Chemistry, 105(1): 187-194.
  • Quiros, A., Hernandez-Ledesma, B., Ramos, M., Amigo, L., converting enzyme inhibitory activity of peptides I. derived from caprine kefir. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(10): 3480-3487. 2005. Angiotensin
  • Rizk, S., Maalouf, K., Baydoun, E. 2009. The antiproliferative effect of kefir cell-free fraction on HuT-102 malignant T lymphocytes. Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia, 9(3): 198- 203.
  • Santos, A., San Mauro, N., Sanchez, A., Torres, J.M., Marquina, D. 2003. The antimicrobial properties of different strains of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from kefir. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 26(3): 434-437.
  • Silva, K.R., Rodrigues, S.A., Filho, L.X., Lima, A.S. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of broth fermented with kefir grains. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 152(2): 316-325.
  • St-Onge, M.P., Farnworth, E.R., Savard, T., Chabot, D., Mafu, A., Jones, P.J. 2002. Kefir consumption does not alter plasma lipid levels or cholesterol fractional synthesis rates relative to milk in hyperlipidemic men: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1): 1.
  • Teruya, K., Yamashita, M., Tominaga, R., Nagira, T., Shim, S.Y., Katakura, Y., Tokumaru S., Tokumaru, K., Barnes, D., Shirahata, S. 2002. Fermented milk, Kefram-Kefir enhances glucose uptake into insulin- responsive muscle cells. Cytotechnology, 40(1-3): 107-116.
  • Thoreux, K., Schmucker, D.L. 2001. Kefir milk enhances intestinal immunity in young but not old rats. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(3): 807-812.
  • Ulusoy, B. H., Çolak, H., Hampikyan, H., Erkan, M. E. 2007. An in vitro study on the antibacterial effect of kefir against some food-borne pathogens. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 37:103-107.
  • Vinderola, G., Duarte, J., Thangavel, D., Perdigon, G., Farnworth, E., Matar, C., 2005. Remote-site stimulation and duration of the immune response by kefir. European Journal of Inflammation, 3: 63.
  • Vinderola, G., Perdigon, G., Duarte, J., Thangavel, D., Farnworth, E., Matar, C. 2006. Effects of kefir fractions on innate immunity. Immunobiology, 211(3): 149-156.
  • Yalçın, B. 2005. Allerjik Reaksiyonların Patogenezi: T- Hücreleri ve Eozinofillerin Rolü. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi, 12(4): 209-214.
  • Zacconi, C., Scolari, G., Vescovo, M., Sarra, P.G. 2003. Competitive exclusion of Campylobacter jejuni by kefir fermented milk. Annals of Microbiology, 53(2): 179-188.
  • Zhou, J., Liu, X., Jiang, H., Dong, M. 2009. Analysis of the microflora denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Microbiology, 26(8): 770-775. Food
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm GIDA BİLİMİ (Food Science)
Yazarlar

Özge Köroğlu Bu kişi benim

Esra Bakır Bu kişi benim

Günsel Uludağ Bu kişi benim

Sedat Köroğlu

Kenan Dayısoylu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Köroğlu, Ö., Bakır, E., Uludağ, G., Köroğlu, S., vd. (2015). Kefir ve Sağlık. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.25645
AMA Köroğlu Ö, Bakır E, Uludağ G, Köroğlu S, Dayısoylu K. Kefir ve Sağlık. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. Kasım 2015;18(1):26-30. doi:10.18016/ksujns.25645
Chicago Köroğlu, Özge, Esra Bakır, Günsel Uludağ, Sedat Köroğlu, ve Kenan Dayısoylu. “Kefir Ve Sağlık”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 18, sy. 1 (Kasım 2015): 26-30. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.25645.
EndNote Köroğlu Ö, Bakır E, Uludağ G, Köroğlu S, Dayısoylu K (01 Kasım 2015) Kefir ve Sağlık. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 18 1 26–30.
IEEE Ö. Köroğlu, E. Bakır, G. Uludağ, S. Köroğlu, ve K. Dayısoylu, “Kefir ve Sağlık”, KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 18, sy. 1, ss. 26–30, 2015, doi: 10.18016/ksujns.25645.
ISNAD Köroğlu, Özge vd. “Kefir Ve Sağlık”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 18/1 (Kasım 2015), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.25645.
JAMA Köroğlu Ö, Bakır E, Uludağ G, Köroğlu S, Dayısoylu K. Kefir ve Sağlık. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18:26–30.
MLA Köroğlu, Özge vd. “Kefir Ve Sağlık”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 18, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 26-30, doi:10.18016/ksujns.25645.
Vancouver Köroğlu Ö, Bakır E, Uludağ G, Köroğlu S, Dayısoylu K. Kefir ve Sağlık. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;18(1):26-30.