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A CURRENT REVIEW ON BENEFICIATION PROCESS OF BAUXITE ORES FOR PRE-DESILICATION

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 3, 197 - 218, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.457373

Öz

Today, nearly all commercial production of alumina is obtained from standard Bayer process

using bauxite ores as a raw material. One of the most important criteria for metallurgical-grade

bauxites that can be directly fed to the Bayer process is the total silica content of bauxite.

Because, reactive silica which tends to dissolve during bauxite leaching causes excessive

caustic soda consumption and alumina losses in the Bayer process. For this reason, the reactive

silica content in bauxite plays a critical role in the viability and economics of the Bayer process.

Removing reactive silica from bauxite prior to leaching (also known as pre-desilication) is a

major focus of effort for most alumina production plants. In recent years, it has been known that

beneficiation methods such as froth flotation have been tried to pre-desilication. In this study, the

major problems caused by reactive silica in bauxite ore and several beneficiation methods used

for pre-desilication have been reviewed from the current literature. Among these methods, it has

been determined that froth flotation is more important in terms of silica removal performance and

industrial practice, and so investigations on bauxite flotation have been discussed extensively.

Kaynakça

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  • Anon (c), 2001. DPT, Madencilik Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Metal Madenler Alt Komisyonu, Boksit Çalışma Grubu, 41.
  • Anon (d), 2017. Specification For Bauxite For Use in the Production of Alumina: Bıs Is 5953- 1985 (R2008). http://www.worldstdindex.com/ soft4/3944269.htm, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Aralık 2017.
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  • Anon (f), 2011. Boksitten Gelen Silisyumun Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Reaksiyonlarla Uzaklaştırılması ve bu Yolla Alümina Üretiminde Kullanılan Kostik Miktarının Azaltılması. 1501 TÜBİTAK TEYDEB Projesi (Proje No: 3100309), Kostik Projesi Raporu, ETİ Alüminyum A.Ş., Alümina Fabrikası Müdürlüğü.
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ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 3, 197 - 218, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.457373

Öz

Günümüzde ticari alümina üretiminin neredeyse tamamı hammadde kaynağı olarak boksit
cevherlerinin kullanıldığı Bayer prosesiyle karşılanmaya devam etmektedir. Bayer prosesine
doğrudan beslenebilir metalurjik kalitedeki boksitler için en önemli kriterlerden birisi cevherin
toplam silis miktarının bilinmesidir. Çünkü, boksit liçi sırasında çözünme eğilimi gösteren reaktif
silis aşırı miktarda kostik soda tüketimine yol açmakta ve ciddi oranda alumina kayıplarına
neden olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı boksitin reaktif silis içeriği, Bayer prosesinin etkin ve ekonomik
uygulanabilirliği üzerinde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Silis türlerinin boksitten uzaklaştırılması
işlemi (ön desilikasyon) birçok alümina üretim tesisinin üzerinde çalıştığı ana konulardan birisidir.
Son yıllarda köpük flotasyonu gibi bazı zenginleştirme yöntemlerinin ön desilikasyon amacıyla
denendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, boksit cevherindeki reaktif silisin sebep olduğu başlıca
sorunlar ve ön desilikasyon amacıyla uygulanan birtakım zenginleştirme yöntemleri güncel
kaynaklardan derlenerek özetlenmiştir. Bu yöntemler arasında gerek silis uzaklaştırma verimi
gerekse tesis ölçeğinde uygulanabilme bakımından özellikle flotasyonun daha fazla önem
kazandığı belirlenmiş ve bu konuda geniş kapsamda bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad I., Hartge, E. U., Werther, J., Wischnewski, R., 2014. Bauxite Washing For the Removal of Clay. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 21 (11), 1045-1051.
  • Amer, A. M., Abdel-Aal, E. A., 1996. Mineralogical Studies And Hydrometallurgical Processing of Egyptian Bauxite. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 49 (1-2), 25-28.
  • Anand, P., Modak, J.M., Natarajan, K.A., 1996. Bio-Beneficiation of Bauxite Using Bacillus Polymyxa- Calcium and İron Removal. Int. Journal of Mineral Processing, 48 (1-2), 51-60.
  • Anon (a), 2014. Aluminium, Production and Consumption. http://www.lme.com/en-gb/metals/ non-ferrous/aluminium/production-and-consumption. Son erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2014.
  • Anon (b), 2017. Alumina Production. http://www. world-aluminium.org/statistics/alumina-production/, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Aralık 2017.
  • Anon (c), 2001. DPT, Madencilik Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Metal Madenler Alt Komisyonu, Boksit Çalışma Grubu, 41.
  • Anon (d), 2017. Specification For Bauxite For Use in the Production of Alumina: Bıs Is 5953- 1985 (R2008). http://www.worldstdindex.com/ soft4/3944269.htm, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Aralık 2017.
  • Anon (e), 2010. Alümina Üretim Tesisinde Meydana Gelen Kabukların Oluşum Mekanizmasını Anlamak, Buharlaştirma Bataryalarında Ve Otoklav Ön Isıtıcılarında Kabuk Oluşumunu Önlemek. 1501 TÜBİTAK TEYDEB Projesi (Proje No: 3100088), ETİ Alüminyum A.Ş., Alümina Fabrikası Müdürlüğü.
  • Anon (f), 2011. Boksitten Gelen Silisyumun Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Reaksiyonlarla Uzaklaştırılması ve bu Yolla Alümina Üretiminde Kullanılan Kostik Miktarının Azaltılması. 1501 TÜBİTAK TEYDEB Projesi (Proje No: 3100309), Kostik Projesi Raporu, ETİ Alüminyum A.Ş., Alümina Fabrikası Müdürlüğü.
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  • Indrajith de Silva, H., 2013. Recovery of Desilication Product in Alumina Industry. PhD Thesis, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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  • Liu, G., Zhong, H., Hu, Y., Zhao, S., Xia, L., 2007. The Role of Cationic Polyacrylamide in the Reverse Flotation of Diasporic Bauxite. Minerals Eng., 20, 1191-1199.
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  • Liu-yin, X., Hong, Z., Guang-yi, L., 2010. Flotation Techniques For Separation of Diaspore From Bauxite Using Gemini Collector and Starch Depressant. The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, 495-501.
  • Longhua, X., Faqin, D., Houqin, W., Jing, L., Zhen, W., Jinming, W., 2016. Surface Crystal Chemistry İn Selective Flotation of Diaspore From Kaolinite Using Anionic Collector. Acta Mineral. Sin. 36 (2), 265-270.
  • M. Birinci, R. Gök / Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 2018, 57(3), 197-218 Lozej, K. P., Gow, . N. N., 1993. Bauxite, Geoscience Canada. 20 (1), 9-16.
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  • Sheng-gui, Z., Hong, Z., Guang-yi, L., 2007. Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts on Flotation Behavior of Aluminosilicate Minerals. J. Central South University of Tech., 14 (4), 500-503.
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  • Xiang-qing, C., Yue-hua, H., Yu-hua, W., Dao-lin, X., 2005. Effects of Sodium Hexmetaphosphate on Flotation Separation of Diaspore and Kaolinite. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 12 (4), 420-424.
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  • Yılmaz, K., Birol, B., Sarıdede, M.N., Yiğit, E., 2015. Pre-Beneficiation of Low Grade Diasporic Bauxite Ore By Reduction Roasting. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Int. Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 9 (9), 1075- 1078.
  • Yu, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Feng, B., Zhong, H., 2016. Flotation of Low-Grade Bauxite Using Organosilicon Cationic Collector and Starch Depressant. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 26, 1112-1117.
  • Yue-hua, H., Kui, O., Xue-feng, C., Li-min, Z., 2008. Flotation of Kaolinite and Diaspore With Hexadecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride. J. Central South University of Tech.,15, 378–381.
  • Yu-hua, W., Yue-hua, Xiao-wen, L., 2003. Flotation De-Silicating From Diasporic-Bauxite With Cetyi Trimethylammonium Bromide. J. Central South University of Tech., 10 (4), 324-328.
  • Yu-hua, W., Chuan-bing, H., Yue-hua, H., Ye-min, H., Ye, L., 2008. Beneficiation of Diasporic-Bauxite Ore By Selective Flocculation With A Polyacrylate Flocculant. Minerals Engineeering, 21, 664-672.
  • Yu-hua, W., Daxiang, S., Liguang, W., Yulin, Z., 2011. Effects of Sodium Tripolyphosphate And Sodium Carbonate on the Selective Flocculation of Diasporic-Bauxite in the Presence of Calcium And Magnesium İons. Minerals Engineering, 24, 1031-1037.
  • Yu-ren, J., Zhi-gang, Y., Yun-lai, Y., Xiao-hong, Z., 2010. Synthesis and Collecting Properties of Novel Carboxyl Hydroxamic Acids For Diaspore and Aluminosilicate Minerals. Miner. Eng., 23, 830-832.
  • Zhang, X., Fang, J., Liu, D., 2012. Application Of İntensifying Secondary Concentration Technology en Reverse Flotation of Bauxite. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 161, 6-10.
  • Zheng, K., Gerson, A. R., Addai-Mensah, J., Smart, R. St.C., 1997. The İnfluence of Sodium Carbonate on Sodium Aluminosilicate Crystallisation and Solubility in Sodium Aluminate Solutions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 171 (1-2), 197-208.
  • Zhong, H., Liu, G., Xia, L., Lu, Y., Hu, Y., Zhao, S., Yu, X., 2008. Flotation Separation of Diaspore From Kaolinite, Pyrophyllite and İllite Using Three Cationic Collectors. Minerals Engineering, 21, 1055-1061.
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Birinci 0000-0002-1954-7837

Ramazan Gök Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5654-104X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 57 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Birinci, M., & Gök, R. (2018). ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Scientific Mining Journal, 57(3), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.457373
AMA Birinci M, Gök R. ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Mining. Eylül 2018;57(3):197-218. doi:10.30797/madencilik.457373
Chicago Birinci, Mustafa, ve Ramazan Gök. “ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Scientific Mining Journal 57, sy. 3 (Eylül 2018): 197-218. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.457373.
EndNote Birinci M, Gök R (01 Eylül 2018) ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Scientific Mining Journal 57 3 197–218.
IEEE M. Birinci ve R. Gök, “ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”, Mining, c. 57, sy. 3, ss. 197–218, 2018, doi: 10.30797/madencilik.457373.
ISNAD Birinci, Mustafa - Gök, Ramazan. “ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Scientific Mining Journal 57/3 (Eylül 2018), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.457373.
JAMA Birinci M, Gök R. ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Mining. 2018;57:197–218.
MLA Birinci, Mustafa ve Ramazan Gök. “ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Scientific Mining Journal, c. 57, sy. 3, 2018, ss. 197-18, doi:10.30797/madencilik.457373.
Vancouver Birinci M, Gök R. ÖN DESİLİKASYON AMAÇLI BOKSİT ZENGİNLEŞTİRME İŞLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Mining. 2018;57(3):197-218.