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AMPHORAE, RECOVERED FROM THE POTTERY DUMPSTER AREA IN PHOKAIA

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8, 69 - 85, 19.07.2013

Öz

Since 7th century BC, Amphorae was a form that was extensively produced in the west coast of Anatolia. It’s name (Amphiphoreus or Amphoreus), with double meaning, is derived from a combination of the words amphi and phoros produced by the verb pherein. These forms were produced and sold for transporting liquid (water, oil, wine, etc.) or dry (cereal, etc.) substances as well as for storage purposes. The amphorae, in this study, were found excavations in Foça/İZMİR Atatürk Street, Akkaya Location, 8 Plot, Studies carried out in this area, belonging to the ancient city of Phokaia, a ceramics dump site from the Roman period was uncovered. A group of amphorae allocated within these works, were dated between the centuries 1st - 5th AD.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, M. J. & Carvalho, A. (1998). Ánforas da villa romana da Quinta das Longas (S. Vincente e Ventosa, Elvas): resultados de 1990 - 1998. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia, V. 1(2), 137 - 163.
  • Anderson Stojanovic, (1992). Stobi: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery. Princeton.
  • Arruda, A. M. & Viegas, C. (1999). The Roman Temple of Scallabis (Santrĕm, Portugal). Journal of Iberian Archaeology, 185 - 224.
  • Bass, G. F. & Van Dorninck, F. H. Jr. (1971). A Fourth-Century Shipwreck at Yassı Ada. AJA(75), 27 - 37.
  • Baylan, S. (2008). 2006-2007 Tralleis Kazılarında Ele Geçen Amphoralar. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, AMÜ, Aydın.
  • Bezeczky, T. (1998). Amphora Types of Magdalensberg. Arh. Vest.(49), 225 - 242.
  • Bonet, M. L. A. P. (1988). La economia tardoromana del suretse peninsular: el ejemplo del puerto de Mazarron (Murci). Antig. Crist. (Murci) V, 471 - 501.
  • Bouzek, J. & Kordac, F. (1963). Excamination of Amphorae Fragments fron an Early Mediaval Ship- wreck form the Black Sea. Listy Filologické (86), 256 - 258.
  • Carredano, F. A. vd. (2007). Ánforas tardoantiguas en Hispalis (Sevilla, Espaňa) y el comercio mediterráneo. LRCW 2, (Eds. Bonifay, M. & Tréglia, J. C.), (s. 133 - 146), Oxford.
  • Casasola, D. B. vd. (2008). Un taler alfarero en el barrio industrial urbano de Gades. A propósito del horno cerámico de la C/Solano 3 (Cádiz). SPAL(17), 317 - 322.
  • Cocchiaro vd., (2005). Laricerca archeologica nell’ager Brundisinus: lo scavo della villa di Giancola. Paesaggi e insediamenti rurali in Italia Meridionale fra aardoantico e altomedioevo. Atti del Primo Seminario sul Tardoantico e l’Altomedioevo in Italia Meridionale (Foggia 12-14 febbraio 2004), (Eds. Volpe, G. & Turchiano, M.), (s. 1 - 37).
  • Congès, G. & Leguilloux, M. (1991). Un dépotoir de l’Antiquite tardive dans le quartier de l’Esplanade à Arles. Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise(24), 201 - 234.
  • Costantini, A. 2011. Le anfore. Archeologia in Piazza dei Miracoli. Gli scavi 2003-2009, (Eds. Aberti A. & Paribeni E.), (s. 393 - 430),Pisa.
  • De Nicolas, J. C. (1980). Epigrafia anforaria en Menorca. Mahon.
  • Dimitris, G. (2005). After Sulla: study in the settlement and material culture of the Piraeus peninsula in the Roman and Late Roman period. Doktora Tezi. University of Durham.
  • Doğer, E. (1991). Antik Çağda Amphoralar. İzmir.
  • Doksanaltı, E. M. (2006), Knidos Kap - Krio Kazı Alanı. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, SÜ, Konya.
  • Fırat, M. (2011). Phokaia Geç Roma Dönemi Mutfak Kapları. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, EÜ, İzmir.
  • Fulford, M. & Peacock, D. (1984). Excavation at Carthage: the British Mission 1.2, the Avenue du Président Bourgiba, Salambô The Pottery and Other Ceramic Objects from the Site. Londes.
  • Golofast, L. (2001). Steklo rannevizantiiskogo Chersonesa. Materialy po Arheologii, Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii, VIII, (s. 97 - 260). Simféropol.
  • Gomez, M. A. & Uriel, M. P. F. (2008). Economia de Rusaddir (Melilla) a traves de los ultimos hallazgos arqueologicos. L’Africa romana XVII, Sevilla 2006. (Eds. González, J., Ruggeri, P., Vismara, C. & Zucca, R), (s. 571 - 594). Roma.
  • Grey, A. D. (1994). The Pottery of the Later Periods from Tel Jezreel: an Interim Report. Levant (XXVI), 51 - 62.
  • Hartley, K. F. (1993). Part IX: The Mortaria. The Roman Pottery, Report on the Excavations at USK 1965 - 1976. (Ed. W. H. Manning), (s. 389 - 423). Cardiff.
  • Hayes, J. W. (1992). Excavations at Saraçhane in İstanbul, Vol. II. Princeton.
  • Hayes, J. W. (2003). Pottery Deposits from 'Sranda Kolones' Castle Site, Paphos. BSA(98), 447 - 516.
  • Ivantchik, A. I. (2002). Un puits d’époque paléochrétienne sur l’agora d’Argos. BCH(126), 331 - 404.
  • Karagiorgou, O. (2001). LR2: a Container for the Military annona on the Danubian Border?. Economy and Exchange in the east Mediterranean during late antiquity. (Eds. Kingsley, S & Decker, M.), (s. 129 - 166).
  • Kassab Tezgör, D. vd. (2003). La colleciton d’amphores D’İsmail Karakan a Sinop. Anatolia Antiqua(XI), 169 - 200.
  • Keay, S. J. (1984). Late Roman Amphorae in the Westearn Mediterranean, A Typolgy and Economic Study:The Catalan Evidence Part I - II, BAR 196. Oxford.
  • Korkut, T. (2007). Die späntantike und frühbyzantinische Keramik aus Patara. (Eds. B. Böhlendorf Arslan, A. O. Uysal & J. Witte Orr). Byzas, 7, (s. 147 - 168). İstanbul.
  • Kuzmanov, G. (1985). Rannovizantiska keramika ot Trakia i Dakia (La céramique paléobyzantine provenant de la Thrace et de la Dacie). Sofia.
  • López Rosendo, E. (2008). El alfar romano altoimperial Del Jardin De Cano (El Puerto De santa Maria, Cádiz, Espaňa). En el contexto económico, Gades. Revista de Historia de El Puerto(41, 2º semestre), 39 - 74.
  • Macias Solé, J. M. - Remolà, J. A. (2005). La cultura a material de Tarraco - Tarracona (Hispania Tarraconensis - Regnum Visigothorum): ceramica comşn y ánforas. LRCW, 1, (Eds. Esparraguera, J. M. G. vd.), (s. 1 - 11). London.
  • Marksteiner, T. & Yener Marksteiner, B., 2009. Die Grabungen in Sondage 30/36/37 in der Weststadt von Limyra: Der archäologische Befund und die Keramik. ÖJh(78), 221 - 252.
  • Martin Kilcher, S. (1987). Die römischen amphoren aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Basel.
  • Mayerson, M. (1992). The Gaza 'Wine' Jar (Gazition) and the 'Lost' Ashkelon Jar (Askalônion). Israel Exploration Journal(42), 76 - 80.
  • Monfort, C. C. & Williams, D. F. (2002). Carrot Amphoras: a Syrian or Palestinian Connection?. The Roman Byzantine Near East(3/49), 133 - 144.
  • Montero Fernández, R. & Sáez Romero, A.M. & Montero Fernández, A. I. & Mata Almonte, E. (2008).El alfar romano de El Palomar (El Puerto de Santa Mari, Cádiz). Estudio reliminar. Actas del IV Congreso Peninsular de Arqueología (Faro, septiembre de 2004). Hispania Romana, (s. 89 - 102). Braga.
  • Okan, E. (2011). Foça Açıklarında Denizden Ele Geçen Ticari Amphoralar. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, DEÜ, İzmir.
  • Oren Paskal, M. (2008). Excavation in Bat Galim: The Pottery. Contract Archaeology Reports III: Reports and Studies of the Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies Excavations. (Eds. M. Artzy vd.), (s. 32 - 53).
  • Özbütev, G. (1994). M. S. 3. Yüzyıl Phokaia Kaba Mutfak Kabı Keramiği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, EÜ, İzmir.
  • Özyiğit, Ö. (1991). 1989 Yılı Phokaia Kazı Çalışmaları. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, XII - I, (s. 127 - 155), Ankara.
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  • Pieri, D. (1998). Les importations d’amphores orientales en Gaule méridionale durant l’antiquité tardive et le Haut-Moyen Age (IV. - VII. siècle après J. - C.). Typologie, chronologie et contenu. SFECAG, Actes du Congrès d’Istres, 1998, (s. 97 - 106).
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  • Harita 1. Phokaia Antik Kenti Seramik Çöplüğü Alanı
  • Plan 1. Seramik Çöplüğü Alanı ve Açmalar Çizimler

PHOKAIA SERAMIK ÇÖPLÜĞÜ ALANI’NDAN ELE GEÇEN AMPHORALAR

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8, 69 - 85, 19.07.2013

Öz

B. Anadolu’da yer alan antik kentlerde, M. Ö. 7. yüzyıldan itibaren yoğun biçimde üretilen bir form olan amphoranın ismi (Amphiphoreus ya da Amphoreus), iki taraflı anlamına sahip amphi ve pherein fiilinden üretilen phoros sözcüklerinin birleşiminden türetilmiştir. Sıvı (su, zeytinyağı, şarap vb.) veya kuru (tahıl vb.) maddelerin taşıma işleri için üretilen ve satılan bu formlar, aynı zamanda depolama faaliyetleri içinde kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada yer verilen amphoralar ise İzmir İli Foça İlçesi Atatürk Mahallesi, Akkaya Mevkii, 8 Pafta, 13 Ada 106. Parsel’de yürütülen kazılar sonucunda tespit edilmişlerdir. Bu alanda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar da, Phokaia antik kentine ait olan Roma Dönemi’ne ait bir seramik çöplüğü ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Alanda yürütülen çalışmalar sonucunda Phokaia üretimi olan kaba mutfak kapları, amphoralar ve kırmızı astarlı kap grupları birlikte ele geçmiştir. Bu eserler içerisinden ayrılan amphora grubunun, M. S. 1. - 5. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlendiği belirlenmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, M. J. & Carvalho, A. (1998). Ánforas da villa romana da Quinta das Longas (S. Vincente e Ventosa, Elvas): resultados de 1990 - 1998. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia, V. 1(2), 137 - 163.
  • Anderson Stojanovic, (1992). Stobi: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery. Princeton.
  • Arruda, A. M. & Viegas, C. (1999). The Roman Temple of Scallabis (Santrĕm, Portugal). Journal of Iberian Archaeology, 185 - 224.
  • Bass, G. F. & Van Dorninck, F. H. Jr. (1971). A Fourth-Century Shipwreck at Yassı Ada. AJA(75), 27 - 37.
  • Baylan, S. (2008). 2006-2007 Tralleis Kazılarında Ele Geçen Amphoralar. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, AMÜ, Aydın.
  • Bezeczky, T. (1998). Amphora Types of Magdalensberg. Arh. Vest.(49), 225 - 242.
  • Bonet, M. L. A. P. (1988). La economia tardoromana del suretse peninsular: el ejemplo del puerto de Mazarron (Murci). Antig. Crist. (Murci) V, 471 - 501.
  • Bouzek, J. & Kordac, F. (1963). Excamination of Amphorae Fragments fron an Early Mediaval Ship- wreck form the Black Sea. Listy Filologické (86), 256 - 258.
  • Carredano, F. A. vd. (2007). Ánforas tardoantiguas en Hispalis (Sevilla, Espaňa) y el comercio mediterráneo. LRCW 2, (Eds. Bonifay, M. & Tréglia, J. C.), (s. 133 - 146), Oxford.
  • Casasola, D. B. vd. (2008). Un taler alfarero en el barrio industrial urbano de Gades. A propósito del horno cerámico de la C/Solano 3 (Cádiz). SPAL(17), 317 - 322.
  • Cocchiaro vd., (2005). Laricerca archeologica nell’ager Brundisinus: lo scavo della villa di Giancola. Paesaggi e insediamenti rurali in Italia Meridionale fra aardoantico e altomedioevo. Atti del Primo Seminario sul Tardoantico e l’Altomedioevo in Italia Meridionale (Foggia 12-14 febbraio 2004), (Eds. Volpe, G. & Turchiano, M.), (s. 1 - 37).
  • Congès, G. & Leguilloux, M. (1991). Un dépotoir de l’Antiquite tardive dans le quartier de l’Esplanade à Arles. Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise(24), 201 - 234.
  • Costantini, A. 2011. Le anfore. Archeologia in Piazza dei Miracoli. Gli scavi 2003-2009, (Eds. Aberti A. & Paribeni E.), (s. 393 - 430),Pisa.
  • De Nicolas, J. C. (1980). Epigrafia anforaria en Menorca. Mahon.
  • Dimitris, G. (2005). After Sulla: study in the settlement and material culture of the Piraeus peninsula in the Roman and Late Roman period. Doktora Tezi. University of Durham.
  • Doğer, E. (1991). Antik Çağda Amphoralar. İzmir.
  • Doksanaltı, E. M. (2006), Knidos Kap - Krio Kazı Alanı. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, SÜ, Konya.
  • Fırat, M. (2011). Phokaia Geç Roma Dönemi Mutfak Kapları. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, EÜ, İzmir.
  • Fulford, M. & Peacock, D. (1984). Excavation at Carthage: the British Mission 1.2, the Avenue du Président Bourgiba, Salambô The Pottery and Other Ceramic Objects from the Site. Londes.
  • Golofast, L. (2001). Steklo rannevizantiiskogo Chersonesa. Materialy po Arheologii, Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii, VIII, (s. 97 - 260). Simféropol.
  • Gomez, M. A. & Uriel, M. P. F. (2008). Economia de Rusaddir (Melilla) a traves de los ultimos hallazgos arqueologicos. L’Africa romana XVII, Sevilla 2006. (Eds. González, J., Ruggeri, P., Vismara, C. & Zucca, R), (s. 571 - 594). Roma.
  • Grey, A. D. (1994). The Pottery of the Later Periods from Tel Jezreel: an Interim Report. Levant (XXVI), 51 - 62.
  • Hartley, K. F. (1993). Part IX: The Mortaria. The Roman Pottery, Report on the Excavations at USK 1965 - 1976. (Ed. W. H. Manning), (s. 389 - 423). Cardiff.
  • Hayes, J. W. (1992). Excavations at Saraçhane in İstanbul, Vol. II. Princeton.
  • Hayes, J. W. (2003). Pottery Deposits from 'Sranda Kolones' Castle Site, Paphos. BSA(98), 447 - 516.
  • Ivantchik, A. I. (2002). Un puits d’époque paléochrétienne sur l’agora d’Argos. BCH(126), 331 - 404.
  • Karagiorgou, O. (2001). LR2: a Container for the Military annona on the Danubian Border?. Economy and Exchange in the east Mediterranean during late antiquity. (Eds. Kingsley, S & Decker, M.), (s. 129 - 166).
  • Kassab Tezgör, D. vd. (2003). La colleciton d’amphores D’İsmail Karakan a Sinop. Anatolia Antiqua(XI), 169 - 200.
  • Keay, S. J. (1984). Late Roman Amphorae in the Westearn Mediterranean, A Typolgy and Economic Study:The Catalan Evidence Part I - II, BAR 196. Oxford.
  • Korkut, T. (2007). Die späntantike und frühbyzantinische Keramik aus Patara. (Eds. B. Böhlendorf Arslan, A. O. Uysal & J. Witte Orr). Byzas, 7, (s. 147 - 168). İstanbul.
  • Kuzmanov, G. (1985). Rannovizantiska keramika ot Trakia i Dakia (La céramique paléobyzantine provenant de la Thrace et de la Dacie). Sofia.
  • López Rosendo, E. (2008). El alfar romano altoimperial Del Jardin De Cano (El Puerto De santa Maria, Cádiz, Espaňa). En el contexto económico, Gades. Revista de Historia de El Puerto(41, 2º semestre), 39 - 74.
  • Macias Solé, J. M. - Remolà, J. A. (2005). La cultura a material de Tarraco - Tarracona (Hispania Tarraconensis - Regnum Visigothorum): ceramica comşn y ánforas. LRCW, 1, (Eds. Esparraguera, J. M. G. vd.), (s. 1 - 11). London.
  • Marksteiner, T. & Yener Marksteiner, B., 2009. Die Grabungen in Sondage 30/36/37 in der Weststadt von Limyra: Der archäologische Befund und die Keramik. ÖJh(78), 221 - 252.
  • Martin Kilcher, S. (1987). Die römischen amphoren aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Basel.
  • Mayerson, M. (1992). The Gaza 'Wine' Jar (Gazition) and the 'Lost' Ashkelon Jar (Askalônion). Israel Exploration Journal(42), 76 - 80.
  • Monfort, C. C. & Williams, D. F. (2002). Carrot Amphoras: a Syrian or Palestinian Connection?. The Roman Byzantine Near East(3/49), 133 - 144.
  • Montero Fernández, R. & Sáez Romero, A.M. & Montero Fernández, A. I. & Mata Almonte, E. (2008).El alfar romano de El Palomar (El Puerto de Santa Mari, Cádiz). Estudio reliminar. Actas del IV Congreso Peninsular de Arqueología (Faro, septiembre de 2004). Hispania Romana, (s. 89 - 102). Braga.
  • Okan, E. (2011). Foça Açıklarında Denizden Ele Geçen Ticari Amphoralar. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, DEÜ, İzmir.
  • Oren Paskal, M. (2008). Excavation in Bat Galim: The Pottery. Contract Archaeology Reports III: Reports and Studies of the Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies Excavations. (Eds. M. Artzy vd.), (s. 32 - 53).
  • Özbütev, G. (1994). M. S. 3. Yüzyıl Phokaia Kaba Mutfak Kabı Keramiği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, EÜ, İzmir.
  • Özyiğit, Ö. (1991). 1989 Yılı Phokaia Kazı Çalışmaları. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, XII - I, (s. 127 - 155), Ankara.
  • Patterson, H., Bousquet, A., Fontana, S., Witcher, R. & Zampini, S. (2009). Late Roman Comman Wares and Amphorae in the Middle Tiber Valley, the Preliminary Results of the Tiber Valley Project. DRO, 1 - 21.
  • Peacock, D & Willims, D. (1986). Amphorae and the Roman Economy. Londres.
  • Peña, J. T. (2007). Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record, New York.
  • Pickersgill, C. & Roberts, P. (2003). New Light on Roman Sparta: Roman Pottery from the Sparta Theatre and Stoa. BSA(98), 549 - 597.
  • Pieri, D. (1998). Les importations d’amphores orientales en Gaule méridionale durant l’antiquité tardive et le Haut-Moyen Age (IV. - VII. siècle après J. - C.). Typologie, chronologie et contenu. SFECAG, Actes du Congrès d’Istres, 1998, (s. 97 - 106).
  • Pieri, D. (2007). Bérte dans le Grand commerce méditerranean. Production et importation d’amphores dans le Levant protobyzantin (V - VII s.ap.J.C.). (Ed. M. Sartre). Productions et échanges dans la Syrie gréco-romaine. Actes du 2e colloque international sur la Syrie antique (Tours, 12-13 juin 2003), suppl. Topoï, 8, (s. 297 - 327).
  • Quercia, A. vd. (2011). Roman Pottery from an Intensive Survey of Antikythera, Greece. BSA(106), 47 - 98.
  • Rādulescu, A. (1973). Amfore cu inscriptii de la edificiul roman cu mozaic din Tomis. Pontica(6), 193 - 206.
  • Rādulescu, A. (1976). Amfore romane şi romano-bizantine din Scythia Minor. Pontica(9), 99 - 114.
  • Remolà Vallverdş, J. A. (1993). Un tipo de ánfora tardo - romana poco conocido (VLR 8.198). AEspA,(66), 301 - 310.
  • Remolà, J. A. & Piňol, L. (1998). Àmfores tardoantigues de possible producció, tarraconense (Tipus Keay 68 I 91). Empşries(51), 227 - 236.
  • Remolà, J. A. & Uscatescu, A. (1998). El comercio de ánforas orientales en Tarraco (siglos V - VII d. C.). ACTES (Badalona 6/9 de Maig de 1998), (s. 553 - 562), Badalona.
  • Remolà, J. A. (2002). Àmfores i àrees d'influència en la Catalunya meridional d'època tardo-antiga: el cas de Tàrraco. Contactes i relacions comercials entre la Catalunya meridional i els pobles mediterranis durant l’Antiguitat, ‘Citerior’ 3, (s. 231 - 249). Tarragona,
  • Reynolds, P. (2010). Trade Networks of the East 3. to 7. Centuries: The View from Beirut (Lebanon) and Butrint (Albania) (Fine Wares, Amphorae and Kitchen Wares). LRCW3, Vol. I, (Guiducci G. vd.) (s. 89 - 114). Oxford.
  • Riley, J. A. (1975). The Pottery from the First Session of Excavation in the Caesarea Hippodrome. Basor(218), 25 - 63.
  • Riley, J. A. (1979). The Coarse Pottery from Berenice. (Ed. J. A. Lloyd), Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi, Volume II, (s. 91 - 467). Tripoli.
  • Robinson, H. (1959). The Athenian Agora Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Volume V: Pottery of The Roman Period Chronology. New Jersey.
  • Rowe, A. H. (2004). Reconsidering Late Roman Cyprus: using new material from Nea Paphos to review current artefact typologies. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sydney.
  • Sazanov, A. (2000). Les ensemles clos de Chersonese de la fin du VIe-Troisieme quart du VIIe siecles: La chronologie de la ceramique. Les sites archeologiques en crimée et au caucase durant l’Antiquiyé tardive et le haut Moyen-Age, (Eds. M. Kazanski & V. Soupault), (s. 123 - 149).
  • Sazanov, A. (2007). Les amphores orientales d’epoque protobyzantine au nord de la Mer Noire. LRCW 2. (Eds. M. Bonifay & J. C. Tréglia), (s. 803 - 815). Oxford.
  • Selçuk, T. (1998). 1992 - 1995 Yılları Arasında Phokaia Kazılarında Bulunmuş Amphoralar. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, EÜ, İzmir.
  • Steckner, C. (1989), Les amphores LR 1et LR 2 en relation avec le pressoir du complexe ecclésiastique des thermes de Samos. (Eds. Derche, V. & Spieser, J. H.), Recherches sur la Céramique Byzantine. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellènique, Suppl. 18, (s. 57 - 71). Athens.
  • Şenol, A. K. (2003). Marmaris Müzesi Ticari Amphoraları. Ankara,
  • Tekocak, M. (2006). Kelenderis Roma Çağı Seramiği. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, SÜ, Konya.
  • Vargas, E. G. (2000). Ánforas romanas producidas en Hispalis: primeras evidencias arqueológicas. Habis(31), 235 - 260.
  • Vargas, E. V. & Rosendo, E. L. (2008). El aflar de Rabatşn (jrez de la forntera, Cádiz) y la producción de ánforas y cerámica comşn en la Campiňa del guadalete en época altoimperial romana. SPAL(17), 281 - 313.
  • Vargas, E. G. (2011). Romanizazación y consumo: cambios y continuidades en los contextos cerámicos de Hispalis en épocas turdetana y romano-republicana. SPAL(18), 131 - 165.
  • Vargas, E. G. vd. (2012). Los tipos anfóricos del Guadalquivir en el marco de los envases Hispanos del siglo I a.C. Un universo heterogéneo entre la imitación y la estandarización. SPAL(20-I), 185 - 284.
  • Vnukov, S. Y. (2011). Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16. (s. 361 - 370), Leiden,
  • Warner Slane, K. & Sanders, G. D. R. (2005). Corinth: Late Roman Horizons. Hesperia(74), 243 - 297.
  • Williams, C. K. & Zervos, O. H. (1983). Corinth 1982: east of the Theater. Hesperia(52), 1 - 47.
  • Williams, D. & Carreras, C. (1995). North African Amphorae in Roman Britia: A Re-Appraisal. Britannia(26), 231 - 252.
  • Zemmer, A. (1978). Storage Jars in Ancient Sea Trade, National Museum. Haifa. Harita ve Planlar
  • Harita 1. Phokaia Antik Kenti Seramik Çöplüğü Alanı
  • Plan 1. Seramik Çöplüğü Alanı ve Açmalar Çizimler
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Murat Fırat

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Şubat 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Fırat, M. (2013). PHOKAIA SERAMIK ÇÖPLÜĞÜ ALANI’NDAN ELE GEÇEN AMPHORALAR. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(8), 69-85.