BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Examination of Factors Affecting Success of Singapore Education System

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 39, 121 - 143, 06.01.2015

Öz

Singapore is a country which attracts attention with the success it gains at the international student assessment tests like PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS in recent years. Success of Singapore education system at the international student assessment tests which give information about the results of educational policy and implementation, has aroused curiosity all over the world. The success factors of Singapore education system are important for many countries like Turkey which implements reform initiatives to improve the education system but can not achive the desired success at international assessment studies. The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying success factors of Singapore education system. The substantive findings from the literature review are evaluated and emerging factors are described into six categories. These six key factors are as follows: (1) stable and consistent educational policies, (2) competent teachers, (3) high-quality principals, (4) efficient usage of information and communications technology, (5) stability in equality of opportunity in education, (6) a strong focus on mathematics, science education and technical skills. Mentioned factors are expected to contribute to achieve significant inferences to develop and implement necessary policies in Turkey.

Keywords: Singapore education system, education success, educational policy

Kaynakça

  • Auguste, B., Kihn, P. & Miller, M. (2010). Closing the talent gap: Attracting and retaining top third graduates to careers in teaching. McKinsey&Company. http://mckinseyonsociety.com/downloads/reports/ Education/Closing_the_talent_gap.pdf adresinden 10.10.13 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bakioğlu, A. & Göçmen. G. (2013). Singapur eğitim sistemi. Ayşen Bakioğlu (Ed.), Karşılaştırmalı eğitim yönetimi (ss. 127-155). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Barber, M. & Mourshed, M. (2009). Shaping the future: How good education systems can become great in the decade ahead. McKinsey & Company. http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/southeastasia/ knowledge/Education_Roundtable.pdf adresinden 10.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bonnet, G. (2002). Reflections in a critical eye: on the pitfalls of international assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 9(3), 387-399.
  • Chang, S.C.A. (2001). Implementation of the “Thinking Schools, Learning Nation” initiative in Singapore. Journal of Southeast Asian Education, 2(1), 13-41.
  • Cheah, H. M., & Koh, T. S. (2001). Integration of ICT into education in Singapore. Journal of Southeast Asian Education, 2(1), 147-64.
  • DSS (Department of Statistics Singapore). (2013a). Yearbook of Statistics Singapore, 2013. http://www. singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications_and_papers/reference/yearbook_2013/yos2013.pdf adresinden 01.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • DSS (Department of Statistics Singapore). (2013b). Population trends 2013. http://www.singstat.gov.sg, adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Goldstein, H. (2004). International comparisons of student attainment: Some issues arising from the PISA study. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 11(3), 319-330.
  • Green, M., & Ferguson, A. (2011). Internationalization of US higher education in a time of declining resources, Australian Education International, June.
  • IDA (Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore). (2013). Factsheet: Neu Pc Plus. http://www.ida.gov. sg/ adresinden 01.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Ingersoll, R.M. (2007). A comparative study of teacher preparation and qualifications in six nations, consortium for policy research in education. University of Pennsylvania.
  • Jensen, B. (2012). Catching up: Learning from the best school systems in East Asia. Summary Report. Grattan Institute.
  • Kennedy, B., Manise, J. & Montgomery, S. (2008). Report and recommendations for education policy leaders. http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/downloads/PF-CCSSO_Report.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Levent, F. & Gökkaya, Z. (2014). Education policies underlying South Korea’s economic success, Journal Plus Education, 10(1), 275-291.
  • Liu, W. C. (2012). World’s educational issues, policies and research in the 21st century: The Singapore’s perspective. Journal of all India Association for Educational Research, 24(1), 15-18.
  • Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., & Drucker, K.T. (2012). PIRLS 2011 international results in reading, Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2003). PIRLS 2001 uluslararası okuma becerilerinde gelişim projesi ulusal raporu. Ankara.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2010a). Uluslararası öğrenci değerlendirme programı PISA ulusal nihai rapor. Ankara.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2010b). Uluslararası öğrenci değerlendirme programı PISA 2009 ulusal ön raporu. Ankara.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014a). Our education system. http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/ adresinden 18.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014b). Overview of edusave scheme. http://www.moe.gov.sg/ initiatives/edusave/ adresinden 18.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014c). Speeches. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/speeches/2014/ 05/26/opening-address-by-mr-heng-swee-keat-at-the-2014-international-association-foreducational-assessment-conference.php adresinden 24.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2012). MOE financial assistance scheme (MOE FAS). http://www. moe.gov.sg/media/press/files/2012/03/enhance-fas-annex-a.pdf adresinden 03.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2010). International  OECD  study affirms the high quality of Singapore’s education system. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2010/12/programme-forinternational-student-assessment-2009.php adresinden 15.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2007). Singapore’s performance in the progress in international reading literacy study (PIRLS) 2006. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2007/pr20071129.htm adresinden 19.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2006). Strengthening teacher development: thestructured mentoring programme for beginning teachers. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2006/pr20060126.htm adresinden 01.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2004). Findings of the progress in international reading literacy study 2001 & trends in reading achievement 1991-2001 study. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/ press/2003/pr20030408.htm adresinden 19.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C. & Barber, M. (2010). How the world’s most improved school system keep getting better. McKinsey & Company.
  • Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 international results in mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
  • National Institue of Education. (2012). PISA: Lessons for and from Singapore. http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/ oer/CJ-Koh-2_Schleicher_PISA.pdf adresinden 16.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • National Institue of Education. (2008). Transforming teacher education redefined professionals for 21st century schools. http://www.nie.edu.sg/ adresinden 01.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2013). PISA 2012 results in focus. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf adlı internet sitesinden 07.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2012). Lessons from PISA for Japan, strong performers and successful reformers in education. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264118539-en adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2011). Strong performers and successful reformers in education: lessons from PISA for the USA. www.oecd.org adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2010). PISA 2009 Results: Executive summary. http://www.oecd.org/ adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Plomp, T. (1998). The potential of international comparative studies to monitor the quality of education.  Prospects, 28(1), 45-59.
  • Raytheon Company. (2010). A cross-country exploration of math-related learning in the United States, England, and Singapore: parent perceptions and practices regarding math education during the middle school years’. http://www.mathmovesu.com/sites/default/files/raytheoneduventures12-2010_ pdf.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • SME (Singapore Ministry of Education). (2010). Building a national education system for the 21st century: The Singapore experience. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/bb4e/Singapore_CaseStudy2010.pdf adresinden 20.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir
  • SCOPE (Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education). (2010). How high-achieving countries develop great teachers. https://edpolicy.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/how-high-achievingcountries-develop-great-teachers.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Schleicher, A. (2011). Lessons from PISA about some of the world’s best-performing education systems. Low, L.E. (Ed.). Lessons From PISA: Vol.2 National Institute of Education, Singapore.
  • Stewart, V. (2011). Improving teacher quality around the world: the ınternational summit on the teaching profession, Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/files/lwtw-teachersummitreport0611.pdf adresinden 10.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Şirin, S. R., & Vatanartıran, S. (2014). PISA 2012 değerlendirmesi: Türkiye için veriye dayalı eğitim reformu önerileri, TÜSİAD Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tan, J., & Gopinathan, S. (2000). Education reform in Singapore: Towards greater creativity and innovation. NIRA Review, 7(3), 5-10.
  • The Center For International Understanding - CIU. (2008). Learning from Singapore. http://d2lvn0a00hwoiz. cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Learning-from-Singapore-Spring-2008.pdf adresinden 10.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TIMSS. (2013). International database. http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/ adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TOBB. (2013). Dünya talebinin barometresi Singapur. http://haber.tobb.org.tr/ekonomikforum/ 2013/10/044- 049.pdf adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • UNESCO. (2010) World data on education. VII Ed. 2010/11: Singapure: UNESCO-IBE available from http:// www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Singapore. pdf adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • UNESCO. (2011). Transforming education: the power of ICT Policies. Paris, UNESCO.

Singapur eğitim sisteminin başarısına etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 39, 121 - 143, 06.01.2015

Öz

Singapur, son yıllarda yapılan PISA, TIMMS ve PIRLS gibi uluslararası öğrenci değerlendirme
sınavlarında elde ettiği başarılarla dikkatleri üzerine çeken bir ülkedir. Ülkelerin eğitim alanındaki
politika ve uygulamalarının sonuçları hakkında bilgi veren uluslararası sınavlarda Singapur’un
başarısı, bu ülkenin eğitim sistemine yönelik tüm dünyada merak uyandırmıştır. Özellikle
Türkiye gibi eğitim sistemini iyileştirmek için reform girişimlerinde bulunan ancak uluslararası
değerlendirme çalışmalarında istenilen başarıyı yakalayamayan pek çok ülke için Singapur eğitim
sisteminin öne çıkan özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Singapur’un eğitimde yakaladığı başarının altında yatan faktörleri incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda
yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilmiş ve eğitim alanında öne
çıkan faktörler altı başlık halinde açıklanmıştır. Bu altı temel faktör şu şekildedir: (1) istikrarlı ve
tutarlı eğitim politikaları, (2) seçkin öğretmenler, (3) kaliteli okul liderleri, (4) bilgi ve iletişim
teknolojilerinin etkin kullanımı, (5) eğitimde fırsat eşitliği konusundaki kararlılık, (6) matematik,
fen bilimleri öğretimine ve teknik becerilere verilen önem. Ayrıca Singapur’un başarısının
bu başlıklar halinde ele alınmasının, ülkemizde isabetli eğitim politikalarının geliştirilip
uygulanmasında önemli çıkarımların elde edilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Auguste, B., Kihn, P. & Miller, M. (2010). Closing the talent gap: Attracting and retaining top third graduates to careers in teaching. McKinsey&Company. http://mckinseyonsociety.com/downloads/reports/ Education/Closing_the_talent_gap.pdf adresinden 10.10.13 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bakioğlu, A. & Göçmen. G. (2013). Singapur eğitim sistemi. Ayşen Bakioğlu (Ed.), Karşılaştırmalı eğitim yönetimi (ss. 127-155). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Barber, M. & Mourshed, M. (2009). Shaping the future: How good education systems can become great in the decade ahead. McKinsey & Company. http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/southeastasia/ knowledge/Education_Roundtable.pdf adresinden 10.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Bonnet, G. (2002). Reflections in a critical eye: on the pitfalls of international assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 9(3), 387-399.
  • Chang, S.C.A. (2001). Implementation of the “Thinking Schools, Learning Nation” initiative in Singapore. Journal of Southeast Asian Education, 2(1), 13-41.
  • Cheah, H. M., & Koh, T. S. (2001). Integration of ICT into education in Singapore. Journal of Southeast Asian Education, 2(1), 147-64.
  • DSS (Department of Statistics Singapore). (2013a). Yearbook of Statistics Singapore, 2013. http://www. singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications_and_papers/reference/yearbook_2013/yos2013.pdf adresinden 01.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • DSS (Department of Statistics Singapore). (2013b). Population trends 2013. http://www.singstat.gov.sg, adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Goldstein, H. (2004). International comparisons of student attainment: Some issues arising from the PISA study. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 11(3), 319-330.
  • Green, M., & Ferguson, A. (2011). Internationalization of US higher education in a time of declining resources, Australian Education International, June.
  • IDA (Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore). (2013). Factsheet: Neu Pc Plus. http://www.ida.gov. sg/ adresinden 01.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Ingersoll, R.M. (2007). A comparative study of teacher preparation and qualifications in six nations, consortium for policy research in education. University of Pennsylvania.
  • Jensen, B. (2012). Catching up: Learning from the best school systems in East Asia. Summary Report. Grattan Institute.
  • Kennedy, B., Manise, J. & Montgomery, S. (2008). Report and recommendations for education policy leaders. http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/downloads/PF-CCSSO_Report.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Levent, F. & Gökkaya, Z. (2014). Education policies underlying South Korea’s economic success, Journal Plus Education, 10(1), 275-291.
  • Liu, W. C. (2012). World’s educational issues, policies and research in the 21st century: The Singapore’s perspective. Journal of all India Association for Educational Research, 24(1), 15-18.
  • Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., & Drucker, K.T. (2012). PIRLS 2011 international results in reading, Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2003). PIRLS 2001 uluslararası okuma becerilerinde gelişim projesi ulusal raporu. Ankara.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2010a). Uluslararası öğrenci değerlendirme programı PISA ulusal nihai rapor. Ankara.
  • MEB EARGED (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitimi Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı). (2010b). Uluslararası öğrenci değerlendirme programı PISA 2009 ulusal ön raporu. Ankara.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014a). Our education system. http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/ adresinden 18.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014b). Overview of edusave scheme. http://www.moe.gov.sg/ initiatives/edusave/ adresinden 18.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2014c). Speeches. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/speeches/2014/ 05/26/opening-address-by-mr-heng-swee-keat-at-the-2014-international-association-foreducational-assessment-conference.php adresinden 24.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2012). MOE financial assistance scheme (MOE FAS). http://www. moe.gov.sg/media/press/files/2012/03/enhance-fas-annex-a.pdf adresinden 03.02.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2010). International  OECD  study affirms the high quality of Singapore’s education system. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2010/12/programme-forinternational-student-assessment-2009.php adresinden 15.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2007). Singapore’s performance in the progress in international reading literacy study (PIRLS) 2006. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2007/pr20071129.htm adresinden 19.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2006). Strengthening teacher development: thestructured mentoring programme for beginning teachers. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2006/pr20060126.htm adresinden 01.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • MOE (Ministry of Education Singapore). (2004). Findings of the progress in international reading literacy study 2001 & trends in reading achievement 1991-2001 study. http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/ press/2003/pr20030408.htm adresinden 19.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C. & Barber, M. (2010). How the world’s most improved school system keep getting better. McKinsey & Company.
  • Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 international results in mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
  • National Institue of Education. (2012). PISA: Lessons for and from Singapore. http://www.nie.edu.sg/files/ oer/CJ-Koh-2_Schleicher_PISA.pdf adresinden 16.10.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • National Institue of Education. (2008). Transforming teacher education redefined professionals for 21st century schools. http://www.nie.edu.sg/ adresinden 01.01.14 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2013). PISA 2012 results in focus. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf adlı internet sitesinden 07.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2012). Lessons from PISA for Japan, strong performers and successful reformers in education. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264118539-en adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2011). Strong performers and successful reformers in education: lessons from PISA for the USA. www.oecd.org adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2010). PISA 2009 Results: Executive summary. http://www.oecd.org/ adresinden 08.09.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Plomp, T. (1998). The potential of international comparative studies to monitor the quality of education.  Prospects, 28(1), 45-59.
  • Raytheon Company. (2010). A cross-country exploration of math-related learning in the United States, England, and Singapore: parent perceptions and practices regarding math education during the middle school years’. http://www.mathmovesu.com/sites/default/files/raytheoneduventures12-2010_ pdf.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • SME (Singapore Ministry of Education). (2010). Building a national education system for the 21st century: The Singapore experience. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/bb4e/Singapore_CaseStudy2010.pdf adresinden 20.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir
  • SCOPE (Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education). (2010). How high-achieving countries develop great teachers. https://edpolicy.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/how-high-achievingcountries-develop-great-teachers.pdf adresinden 15.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Schleicher, A. (2011). Lessons from PISA about some of the world’s best-performing education systems. Low, L.E. (Ed.). Lessons From PISA: Vol.2 National Institute of Education, Singapore.
  • Stewart, V. (2011). Improving teacher quality around the world: the ınternational summit on the teaching profession, Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/files/lwtw-teachersummitreport0611.pdf adresinden 10.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Şirin, S. R., & Vatanartıran, S. (2014). PISA 2012 değerlendirmesi: Türkiye için veriye dayalı eğitim reformu önerileri, TÜSİAD Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tan, J., & Gopinathan, S. (2000). Education reform in Singapore: Towards greater creativity and innovation. NIRA Review, 7(3), 5-10.
  • The Center For International Understanding - CIU. (2008). Learning from Singapore. http://d2lvn0a00hwoiz. cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Learning-from-Singapore-Spring-2008.pdf adresinden 10.01.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TIMSS. (2013). International database. http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/ adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • TOBB. (2013). Dünya talebinin barometresi Singapur. http://haber.tobb.org.tr/ekonomikforum/ 2013/10/044- 049.pdf adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • UNESCO. (2010) World data on education. VII Ed. 2010/11: Singapure: UNESCO-IBE available from http:// www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Singapore. pdf adresinden 12.02.2014 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • UNESCO. (2011). Transforming education: the power of ICT Policies. Paris, UNESCO.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil en.
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Faruk Levent

Esra Yazıcı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Levent, F., & Yazıcı, E. (2015). Singapur eğitim sisteminin başarısına etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 39(39), 121-143.